COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNİN KIRGIZİSTAN’DAKİ HANEHALKINA EKONOMİK ETKİLERİ

Year 2021, Issue: 91, 12 - 20, 27.10.2021

Junus Ganiev Razia Abdıeva Damira Baıgonushova

Abstract

Covid-19 pandemisinden dolayı tüm dünyada ekonomik durgunluk ve gerilemeler yaşanmaktadır. Hem ülkelerin birbiriyle olan ekonomik ilişkilerinin zayıflaması, hem de karantin uygulamaları bu durgunluğu daha da tetiklemektedir. Resmi verilere göre 2020’de Kırgızistan ekonomisi %8,6 oranında gerileme yaşamıştır ve aynı zamanda fiyatlar genel düzeyi %9,7’ye artmıştır. Tüm bunlar genel olarak insanların refah düzeyini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Kırgızistan’da pandeminin hanehalkına olan bu ve benzeri etkilerini incelemek amacıyla 2021 yılının Şubat, Mart aylarında ülkenin tüm bölgelerinden katılımcılara online anket uygulanmış, toplam 447 anket elimize ulaşmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre, % 31.1’i borç veya kredi aldıkları, % 30’unun tüketimi azalmışken, % 32.2’sinin ise tüketimi arttırdığı ve % 59’unun tasarruflarını azaldığı tespıt edilmiştir. Harcama türlerine bakıldığında, giysi ve ayakkabı harcamaları, ulaşım ve beyaz eşya harcamaları ciddi bir şekilde azalırken, gıda, temizlik maddeleri, iletişim ve sağlık harcamaları önemli derecede artış göstermiştir. Ekonomik ve sosyal istikrarlığın sağlanması açısından hanehalkının finansal okuryazarlığının yükseltilmesi ve devletin de fakirliği azaltıcı sosyal harcamalarının arttırılması gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Covid-19 pandemisi, ekonomik etkiler, ekonomik istikrar

ECONOMİC EFFECTS OF COVİD-19 PANDEMİC ON HOUSEHOLDS İN KYRGYZSTAN

Abstract

Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, economic recessions and recessions are experienced all over the world. Both the weakening of the economic relations of the countries with each other and the quarantine practices triggered this stagnation. According to official data, the economy of Kyrgyzstan experienced a decline of 8.6% in 2020, and at the same time, the general level of prices increased to 9.7%. All of these have a negative impact on people's well-being. In order to examine economic effects of the pandemic on households in Kyrgyzstan, an online survey was applied to participants from all regions of the country in February and March 2021, and a total of 447 surveys were received. According to the results of the survey, it was determined that 31.1% of them borrowed, while 30% of them decreased their consumption, 32.2% of them increased their consumption and 59% of them decreased their savings. At the same time, expenditures on clothing and shoes, transportation and household appliances substantially decreased significantly, while expenditures on food, cleaning materials, communication and health increased significantly. In order to ensure economic and social stability, it is necessary to increase the financial literacy of the households and to increase the social expenditures of the government to reduce poverty.

Keywords

Covid-19 pandemic, economic effects, economic stability

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ ПАНДЕМИИ COVİD-19 ДЛЯ ДОМОХОЗЯЙСТВ КЫРГЫЗСТАНА

Abstract

Из-за пандемии Covid-19 во всем мире наблюдается экономический спад и рецессия. Ослабление экономических отношений стран друг с другом и практика карантина еще больше провоцируют этот застой. По официальным данным, в 2020 г. экономика Кыргызстана сократилась на 8,6%, при этом общий уровень цен повысился до 9,7%. Все это негативно сказывается на благополучии людей в целом. Для изучения этих последствий пандемии для домохозяйств в Кыргызстане в феврале и марте 2021 г. был проведен онлайн-опрос, в результате чего было получено 447 анкет. По результатам опроса было определено, что 31,1% домохозяйств занимали деньги или брали кредит, в то время как 30% из них снизили свое потребление, а 32,2% увеличили свое потребление и 59% из респондентов указали, что сократили свои сбережения. Если посмотреть на виды расходов, то расходы на одежду и обувь, транспорт и бытовую технику значительно снизились, в то время как расходы на продукты питания, чистящие средства, связь и здравоохранение значительно выросли. Для обеспечения экономической и социальной стабильности необходимо повысить финансовую грамотность домашних хозяйств и увеличить социальные расходы правительства, направленные на сокращение бедности.

Keywords

пандемия Covid-19, экономические эффекты, экономическая стабильность

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