Deprem Sonrası Geçici Konutların Tasarım, Yapım ve Kullanım Süreçlerindeki Evrensel Risklerin Belirlenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 23 - 48, 16.07.2025

Merve Serter , Gülden Gümüşburun Ayalp

https://doi.org/10.32569/resilience.1594157

Abstract

Afetler, insan yaşamını kesintiye uğratarak veya tamamen durdurarak insan ve çevresi arasındaki dengeyi bozan doğal ya da insan kaynaklı olaylardır. Tarih boyunca çığ, heyelan, sel, yangın ve deprem gibi afetler, dünya genelinde ciddi can ve mal kayıplarına yol açmıştır. Bu afetler arasında, etkileri ve neden olduğu tahribat bakımından en büyük zararı depremler vermiştir. Depremlerin olumsuz etkileri ancak afet yönetim planlamalarının yapılması, toplumsal bilinç düzeyinin artırılması ve afet sonrası gereksinimlerin giderilmesi ile azaltılabilir. Deprem sonrası dönemde, afetzedelerin en öncelikli ihtiyaçlarından biri kullanıcı ihtiyacına uygun barınma koşullarının sağlanmasıdır. Deprem sonrası barınma çözümleri; acil durum barınma, geçici barınma, geçici konut ve kalıcı konut olmak üzere dört aşamada ele alınmaktadır. Acil durum barınma birimleri hızlı ve geçici çözüm birimleri, geçici barınma tehlike geçtikten sonra kısa süreli konakları, geçici konut ise kalıcı yerleşime geçene kadar ev düzeninin yeniden kurulduğu ve çoğu zaman aylarca yaşanan birimleri, kalıcı konut ise onarılan, yeniden inşa edilen birimleri ifade etmektedir. Ancak, geçici konutların sağladığı kısa vadeli çözümlerin, tasarım, yapım ve kullanım süreçlerinde çeşitli riskleri de beraberinde getirdiği bilinmektedir. Bu risklerin evrensel düzeyde ele alınarak olası olumsuz etkilerinin azaltılması, etkin bir afet yönetimi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Belirtilen nedenle, bu çalışma, deprem sonrası geçici konutların tasarım, yapım ve kullanım süreçlerine ilişkin evrensel riskleri belirlemeyi ve farklı ülkelerdeki bu risklerin nasıl değişiklik gösterdiğini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışma kapsamında Web of Science (WoS) veri tabanı aracılığıyla, PRISMA protokolü kullanılarak sistematik literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda 10 ana başlık altında, 65 risk faktörü tespit edilmiş ve bu risklerin ülkeler bazında nasıl farklılık gösterdiği analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, deprem sonrası geçici konutlara ilişkin evrensel riskleri sistematik bir şekilde analiz ederek literatüre kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunarken, uygulamada risk yönetimi ve stratejik planlama süreçlerine rehberlik edecek somut veriler sağlamaktadır.

Keywords

Geçici Barınma Birimi , Afet Sonrası Yeniden Yapılanma , Deprem , Sistematik Lİteratür Taraması , Dayanıklılık , İnşaat Sektörü

Determination of Universal Risks in Design, Construction, and Utilization Processes of Post-Earthquake Temporary Housing

Abstract

Disasters are natural or man-made events that disrupt the balance between man and his environment by interrupting or completely stopping human life. Throughout history, disasters such as avalanches, landslides, floods, fires, and earthquakes have caused severe loss of life and property worldwide. Among these disasters, earthquakes have caused the greatest damage in terms of their effects and the destruction they cause. The adverse effects of earthquakes can only be reduced by making disaster management plans, increasing the level of social awareness, and meeting post-disaster needs. In the post-earthquake period, one of the most prioritised needs of disaster victims is to provide shelter conditions suitable for user needs. Emergency shelter units refer to quick and temporary solution units, temporary shelter refers to short-term accommodation after the danger has passed, temporary housing refers to units where the house order is re-established and often lived for months until permanent settlement, and permanent housing refers to units that are repaired and rebuilt. However, it is known that the short-term solutions provided by temporary housing bring along various risks during the design, construction, and utilization processes. Addressing these risks at a universal level and mitigating their possible negative impacts is of great importance for effective disaster management. For this reason, this study aims to determine the universal risks related to the design, construction, and utilization processes of post-earthquake temporary housing and to reveal how these risks vary in different countries. For this purpose, a systematic literature review was conducted through the Web of Science (WoS) database using the PRISMA protocol. As a result of the study, 65 risk factors were identified under 10 main headings, and the ways in which these risks differ across countries were analyzed. The findings of the study provide a comprehensive framework for the literature by systematically analyzing the universal risks related to post-earthquake temporary housing and providing concrete data to guide risk management and strategic planning processes in practice.

Keywords

Temporary Housing Unit , Post Disaster Reconstruction , Earthquake , Systematic Literature Review , Resilience , Construction Industry

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