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KÜRESEL GÜÇ REKABETİ VE YENİ JEOPOLİTİK DİNAMİKLER

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 340 - 371, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.1683909

Abstract

Bu çalışma, 21. yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğinde giderek sertleşen küresel güç rekabetini, büyük aktörler arasındaki stratejik etkileşimler ve bölgesel jeopolitik dönüşümler bağlamında incelemektedir. ABD–Çin rekabeti ekseninde somutlaşan Tayvan krizi; yalnızca egemenlik tartışmalarıyla sınırlı kalmayıp, uluslararası hukuk, teknoloji tedarik zincirleri ve bölgesel güvenlik mimarisi üzerinde yapısal etkiler doğurmaktadır. Avrupa Birliği'nin (AB) stratejik özerklik söylemi, NATO ile ilişkilerde yeni denge arayışlarını beraberinde getirirken; Rusya’nın Ukrayna’ya karşı yürüttüğü savaş, Karadeniz ve Avrasya enerji jeopolitiğinde köklü kırılmalara neden olmuştur.
Ortadoğu’da Abraham Anlaşmaları doğrultusunda gelişen yeni güvenlik ittifakları, İran tehdidine karşı şekillenen iş birliklerinin klasik bölgesel dengeleri dönüştürdüğünü göstermektedir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye’nin ve Hindistan gibi yükselen aktörlerin çok yönlü dış politika pratikleri, çok kutupluluğun inşa sürecine etkili biçimde katıldıklarını ortaya koymaktadır.
Çalışma, büyük güçlerin yalnızca askerî değil, ekonomik, teknolojik ve normatif düzeylerde de etki sahasını genişlettiğini; buna karşılık uluslararası sistemin çok taraflı diplomasi, hukuk temelli düzenleme ve kriz önleyici mekanizmalara her zamankinden daha fazla ihtiyaç duyduğunu savunmaktadır. Ayrıca, Rusya’nın savaştan galip çıkması durumunda uluslararası düzende oluşabilecek kırılmalar da analiz edilerek, gelecekteki araştırmalar için yönlendirici bir çerçeve sunulmaktadır.

References

  • Abdulla, A. (2022). The Gulf's new realism. Abu Dhabi Policy Series.
  • Aydın, M. (2022). Türkiye’nin Ortadoğu politikası: Yeni dönemde dönüşen ittifaklar ve güç dengeleri. Ortadoğu Etütleri, 14(1), 55–72.
  • Bağcı, H. (2020). Türk dış politikası ve yeni bölgesel dengeler. Bilge Strateji Yayınları.
  • Bağcı, H. (2020). Türk dış politikasında yeni açılımlar. Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Bergsten, C. F., & Hufbauer, G. C. (2021). US–China economic conflict: Causes and consequences. Peterson Institute for International Economics.
  • Carlson, B. G. (2025). China–US competition impact on small and middle powers’ strategic behaviour. Defence Studies Quarterly, 8(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00141-025-0931-9
  • Cassese, A. (2005). International Law. Oxford University Press.
  • Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford University Press.
  • Çelikpala, M. (2023). Karadeniz güvenliği ve Türkiye'nin rolü. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 22(1), 110–125.
  • Davutoğlu, A. (2022). Stratejik Derinlik: Türkiye'nin Uluslararası Konumu. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları.
  • European Council. (2022). Strategic compass for security and defence. Brussels: European Union.
  • European External Action Service. (2016). Shared vision, common action: A stronger Europe – A global strategy for the European Union’s foreign and security policy. Brussels: European Union.
  • Gause, F. G. (2020). The new Middle East cold war: Saudi Arabia and Iran (Brookings Doha Center Analysis Paper No. 11, pp. 4–11). Brookings Institution.
  • Inbar, E. (2021). Israel’s regional strategy after the Abraham Accords. Middle East Review of International Affairs, 25(1), 77–85.
  • Inbar, E. (2021). The Middle East after the Abraham Accords. Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies.
  • İnat, K. (2021). Ortadoğu’da değişen güvenlik algıları ve Türkiye’nin konumu. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 18(72), 57–76.
  • Kaplan, R. D. (2022). The loom of time: Between empire and anarchy, from the Mediterranean to China. Random House.
  • Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (1977). Power and interdependence: World politics in transition. Little, Brown.
  • Kibaroğlu, M. (2022). Yeni Ortadoğu güvenlik mimarisi ve Türkiye. SETA Yayınları.
  • Luttwak, E. N. (1990). From geopolitics to geo-economics: Logic of conflict, grammar of commerce. The National Interest, (20), 17–23.
  • Manners, I. (2002). Normative power Europe: A contradiction in terms? Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 235–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00353
  • McDonagh, N. (2025). U.S.–China competition, world order and economic decoupling: Insights from cultural realism. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 79(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2025.2471353
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). The tragedy of great power politics. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Mitrova, T. (2023). Post–Ukraine energy geopolitics in Europe. Energy Policy Review, 45(2), 48–60.
  • Özkan, B. (2021). Yeni Ortadoğu: Savaş, Barış ve Diplomasi. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Pant, H. V., & Joshi, Y. (2022). India's foreign policy and strategic autonomy in a multipolar world. International Affairs, 98(2), 239–255.
  • Raja Mohan, C. (2021). India’s Response to China’s Rise: Strategic Hedging or Balancing? Observer Research Foundation.
  • Rej, A. (2021). The Quad and India’s strategic balancing. The Washington Quarterly, 44(2), 7–20.
  • Smith, J. A. (2025). U.S.–China competition, world order and economic decoupling. Journal of Contemporary Geopolitics, 12(2), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2025.2471353
  • Stoltenberg, J. (2020). NATO annual report. NATO. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_173820.htm
  • Stuenkel, O. (2020). The BRICS and the future of global order. Lexington Books.
  • Telhami, S. (2021). Public opinion and peace in the Middle East (p. 141). Brookings Institution.
  • Telhami, S. (2021). Public opinion and the Abraham Accords: Between normalization and legitimacy (pp. 137–143). Brookings Institution.
  • Tellis, A. J. (2022). Striking asymmetries: India–China strategic competition. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
  • Trenin, D. (2022). Russia and the Post–Ukraine Order. Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center.
  • Ulutaş, G. (2021). Post–Arab Spring Turkish foreign policy: Regional power with a normative agenda. Insight Turkey, 23(2), 19–34.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of international politics. Addison–Wesley.

Global Power Competition and New Geopolitical Dynamics

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 340 - 371, 31.07.2025
https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.1683909

Abstract

This study examines the intensifying global power competition in the second quarter of the 21st century through the lens of strategic interactions among major actors and regional geopolitical transformations. The Taiwan crisis, which crystallizes the U.S.–China rivalry, generates structural impacts not only through sovereignty disputes but also on international law, technology supply chains, and the regional security architecture. The European Union's discourse on strategic autonomy has brought about a new search for balance in its relations with NATO, while Russia’s war against Ukraine has led to significant disruptions in the geopolitics of the Black Sea and Eurasian energy corridors.
In the Middle East, new security alliances emerging under the Abraham Accords reflect shifting regional balances through pragmatic cooperation against the Iranian threat. In this context, the multidimensional foreign policy practices of regional and rising powers such as Türkiye and India demonstrate their active participation in shaping a multipolar world order.
The study argues that major powers are expanding their spheres of influence not only in military but also in economic, technological, and normative domains. In contrast, the international system increasingly requires multilateral diplomacy, legal regulation, and crisis prevention mechanisms. Moreover, the study analyzes the potential systemic disruptions that could occur if Russia emerges victorious from the war, thereby offering a guiding framework for future research.

References

  • Abdulla, A. (2022). The Gulf's new realism. Abu Dhabi Policy Series.
  • Aydın, M. (2022). Türkiye’nin Ortadoğu politikası: Yeni dönemde dönüşen ittifaklar ve güç dengeleri. Ortadoğu Etütleri, 14(1), 55–72.
  • Bağcı, H. (2020). Türk dış politikası ve yeni bölgesel dengeler. Bilge Strateji Yayınları.
  • Bağcı, H. (2020). Türk dış politikasında yeni açılımlar. Siyasal Kitabevi.
  • Bergsten, C. F., & Hufbauer, G. C. (2021). US–China economic conflict: Causes and consequences. Peterson Institute for International Economics.
  • Carlson, B. G. (2025). China–US competition impact on small and middle powers’ strategic behaviour. Defence Studies Quarterly, 8(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00141-025-0931-9
  • Cassese, A. (2005). International Law. Oxford University Press.
  • Crawford, J. (2006). The Creation of States in International Law. Oxford University Press.
  • Çelikpala, M. (2023). Karadeniz güvenliği ve Türkiye'nin rolü. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 22(1), 110–125.
  • Davutoğlu, A. (2022). Stratejik Derinlik: Türkiye'nin Uluslararası Konumu. İstanbul: Küre Yayınları.
  • European Council. (2022). Strategic compass for security and defence. Brussels: European Union.
  • European External Action Service. (2016). Shared vision, common action: A stronger Europe – A global strategy for the European Union’s foreign and security policy. Brussels: European Union.
  • Gause, F. G. (2020). The new Middle East cold war: Saudi Arabia and Iran (Brookings Doha Center Analysis Paper No. 11, pp. 4–11). Brookings Institution.
  • Inbar, E. (2021). Israel’s regional strategy after the Abraham Accords. Middle East Review of International Affairs, 25(1), 77–85.
  • Inbar, E. (2021). The Middle East after the Abraham Accords. Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies.
  • İnat, K. (2021). Ortadoğu’da değişen güvenlik algıları ve Türkiye’nin konumu. Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi, 18(72), 57–76.
  • Kaplan, R. D. (2022). The loom of time: Between empire and anarchy, from the Mediterranean to China. Random House.
  • Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (1977). Power and interdependence: World politics in transition. Little, Brown.
  • Kibaroğlu, M. (2022). Yeni Ortadoğu güvenlik mimarisi ve Türkiye. SETA Yayınları.
  • Luttwak, E. N. (1990). From geopolitics to geo-economics: Logic of conflict, grammar of commerce. The National Interest, (20), 17–23.
  • Manners, I. (2002). Normative power Europe: A contradiction in terms? Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 235–258. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00353
  • McDonagh, N. (2025). U.S.–China competition, world order and economic decoupling: Insights from cultural realism. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 79(4), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2025.2471353
  • Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). The tragedy of great power politics. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Mitrova, T. (2023). Post–Ukraine energy geopolitics in Europe. Energy Policy Review, 45(2), 48–60.
  • Özkan, B. (2021). Yeni Ortadoğu: Savaş, Barış ve Diplomasi. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Pant, H. V., & Joshi, Y. (2022). India's foreign policy and strategic autonomy in a multipolar world. International Affairs, 98(2), 239–255.
  • Raja Mohan, C. (2021). India’s Response to China’s Rise: Strategic Hedging or Balancing? Observer Research Foundation.
  • Rej, A. (2021). The Quad and India’s strategic balancing. The Washington Quarterly, 44(2), 7–20.
  • Smith, J. A. (2025). U.S.–China competition, world order and economic decoupling. Journal of Contemporary Geopolitics, 12(2), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/10357718.2025.2471353
  • Stoltenberg, J. (2020). NATO annual report. NATO. https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_173820.htm
  • Stuenkel, O. (2020). The BRICS and the future of global order. Lexington Books.
  • Telhami, S. (2021). Public opinion and peace in the Middle East (p. 141). Brookings Institution.
  • Telhami, S. (2021). Public opinion and the Abraham Accords: Between normalization and legitimacy (pp. 137–143). Brookings Institution.
  • Tellis, A. J. (2022). Striking asymmetries: India–China strategic competition. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
  • Trenin, D. (2022). Russia and the Post–Ukraine Order. Moscow: Carnegie Moscow Center.
  • Ulutaş, G. (2021). Post–Arab Spring Turkish foreign policy: Regional power with a normative agenda. Insight Turkey, 23(2), 19–34.
  • Waltz, K. N. (1979). Theory of international politics. Addison–Wesley.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Political Economy Theory, Policy and Administration (Other)
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Khaladdin İbrahimli 0000-0002-0184-3849

Early Pub Date July 31, 2025
Publication Date July 31, 2025
Submission Date April 25, 2025
Acceptance Date July 9, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA İbrahimli, K. (2025). KÜRESEL GÜÇ REKABETİ VE YENİ JEOPOLİTİK DİNAMİKLER. R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal, 8(3), 340-371. https://doi.org/10.33723/rs.1683909
R&S - Research Studies Anatolia Journal 

https://dergipark.org.tr/rs