Bilgisayar sözlükçülüğü çağı ve sorunları

Öz

60’lı yıllarda bilgisayarların uygulamalı sözlükbilim alanında kullanılması, geleneksel sözlükçülüğün icrasında köklü değişimin habercisi olur. Özellikle 90’lı yıllarda elektronik dilsel verilerin bir araya getirilmesi, 21. yüzyılın başında ise az maliyetli yüksek hızlı geniş bantlı internetin artan kullanımı bu tür çalışmaların hızla artmasına neden olur. Bu gelişmeler eşliğinde kısa süre içerisinde birçok basılı sözlük elektronik ortamda yayınlanır. Elektronik yayınlanan e-sözlüklerin basılı sözlüklere olan üstünlüğü birçok sözlükbilimcinin hemen dikkatini çeker. Ancak başta melezleme (İng. hybridisation) sorunu olmak üzere derlem uyumu, veri güvenilirliği, erişim yolu, özelleştirme, nitelik ve kullanışlılık benzeri sorunlar az kişinin dikkatini çeker. Hâlbuki e-sözlükbilimdeki modern gelişmeler, disiplinin kendisinden beklenenin aşırı derecede artmasına neden olmuş; uygulama alanında köklü değişimin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada başta uygulamalı e-sözlükbilimin tarihî gelişimi yanı sıra bilgisayar sözlükçülüğü kavramının tanımı üzerinde durulmuştur. Ayrıca ilk kez Tarp (2012a, s. 256-268; 2012b, s. 116-117), tarafından tanımlanan teknolojinin e-sözlük üretim sürecindeki aşamalar [taklitçiler (İng. copycats); hızlı atlar (İng. faster horses); model t fordlar (İng. model T Fords); rolls roycelar (İng. rolls royces)] ele alınmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra çağdaş e-sözlüklerde melezleme, derlem, veri güvenilirliği, erişim yolu, kişiselleştirme ve nitelik açısından herhangi bir sorunun olup olmadığı tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bilindiği üzere e-cihazlar, dilbilimsel ve sözlükbilgisel verileri çözümlemek için dil teknolojisi yazılımına ihtiyaç duyar. Sözlükbilgisel verilerin dil teknolojisi uygulamaları tarafından okunur/anlaşılır olması için dilin ölçünlü olması gerekir. Çünkü e-cihazlar, dillerdeki eksiklik ve/veya hataları algılamada insanlara kıyasla daha hassastır. Bundan dolayı bu çalışma ile e-sözlüklerin -varsa- sorunları tespit edilmeye çalışılmış; tespit edilen sorunların giderilmesi için bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bilgisayar sözlükçülüğü
• basılı sözlükler
• e-sözlükler
• e-sözlük sorunları

The age of computer dictionary and its problems

Abstract

The use of computers in practical lexicography in the 1960s introduced a fundamental change in traditional lexicography. Especially in the 1990s, the accumulating of electronic language data and the increasing use of low-cost high-speed broadband internet at the beginning of the 21st century is leading to a rapid growth of e- lexicography studies. Along with these developments, many printed dictionaries became available as e-dictionaries within a short time. The advantage of electronically published dictionaries over printed dictionaries catches the attention of many lexicographers immediately. But nobody noticed the problems caused by hybridizations. Likewise, issues such as corpus coherence, data reliability, access path, quality, and utility attract few researchers' attention. Nevertheless, modern developments in e- lexicography have led to an unbalanced growth in expectations of the discipline, as well as a radical change in its functional field. In this study, the definition of the term computer lexicography is emphasized in addition to the historical advances of e-lexicography. And the phases of e-dictionary making were also discussed. In addition, an attempt was made to determine whether there are problems with today's e-dictionaries in terms of hybridization, corpus, data reliability, access path, personalization and quality. It is known that electronic devices require speech technology software to analyse linguistic and lexicographical data, and language technology applications require lexical data to be readable/understandable. Language needs to be standardized, because e-devices are more sensitive than humans to detect mistakes and errors. Therefore, this study makes some suggestions to identify and get rid of problems with e-dictionaries.

Keywords

• Computer lexicography
• printed dictionaries
• e-dictionary
• e-dictionary problems

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