Yazma becerisine bilişsel bir yaklaşım ve pratiğin önemi

Year 2018, Issue: 13, 226 - 235, 30.12.2018

Ahmet Remzi Uluşan

https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.504950

Abstract

Yabancı dil öğrenenler, paragraf, metin ya da
öykü gibi yazılı metinleri okuduklarında, bu metinlerdeki mesajları anlamak
için bağlamsal ipuçlarından, dünyevi bilgilerinden ve tahmin etme
yeteneklerinden faydalanmaktadırlar. Fakat iş yazı yoluyla mesaj oluşturmaya
gelince, bu tür sözcük işleme yöntemleri tek başına yeterli olmamaktadır. Yazı
yoluyla mesaj oluşturmanın psiko-dilbilimsel gereklilikleri öğrencilerin
beyinlerinde sözdizimsel işleme üzerinde daha fazla
yoğunlaşmalarına neden olmaktadır. Okuyucu anlamsal işleme odaklanırken yazar
hem anlamsal hem de sözdizimsel işleme odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, beynin yazı
yazma işini nasıl yürüttüğü ve pratik yapmanın yazım becerisiyle ilgili
bilişsel süreçlerin gelişiminde ve otomatikleşmenin gerçekleşmesinde oynadığı
rol hakkında en son bilgileri içermektedir. Türkiye’deki İngilizce öğrenim ve
öğretim süreçlerinde yazma becerisine verilen önem anketler ve sınav sonuçları
bu bilgiler ışığında değerlendirilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Çalışmanın nihai amacı
son yıllarda yazma becerisinde gözlemlenen gerilemenin nedenlerine bir nebze
olsun ışık tutmaktır.

Keywords

Bilişsellik, üretme, yazma, işleme, pratik

A cognitive approach to writing skill and the importance of practice

Abstract

When language learners read paragraphs, texts,
stories etc. in or outside the language classroom, they are able to comprehend
the messages by relying on key content words aided by contextual clues,
knowledge of the world, and guessing. However, relying merely on this kind of
lexical processing is not possible during writing. The psycholinguistic demands of composing messages
through writing cause the learners to put much more effort on syntactic
processing while handling lexical processing as well. While semantic processing
is the focus of a reader’s brain, both semantic and syntactic processing are
the focus of the writer’s brain. This study involves the latest information
about how brain handles the task of writing, and what role practice plays in
the development of cognitive processes related to writing skill while the
objective is to achieve automaticity. The importance given to the writing skill
in Turkey has been surveyed through questionnaires and analysis of exam results
and these findings have been interpreted in the light of these recent findings
on cognitive processes concerning writing. It is hoped that it will provide
some explanation for the gradual decline in the writing performance of the
language learners in recent years.

Keywords

Cognition, production, writing, processing, practice

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