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Ross’un "The Alcoran of Mahomet" adlı eserinin incelenmesi: Bir çeviri ve düşünme üzerindeki potansiyel etkisi

Year 2019, Issue: 16, 577 - 586, 21.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.619065

Abstract

Yüzyıllar boyunca çeviri, farklı toplumlar
arasında bir köprü görevi görmüş ve zaman zaman çeşitli sosyal gruplar arasında
yaşanan dilsel etkileşimler insanların taraflara ayrılmasına ve kullanılan
dilde önyargı yansımalarına yol açmıştır. Günümüzde, önyargıyı araştırmaya
dayanan dilbilimsel araştırmalar, dilin önyargıda çeşitli rollere sahip
olduğunu göstermiştir.  Bunun nedenleri
arasında dilin önyargıyı iletmesi ve sürdürmesi için temel bir araç olmasıdır.
Dil aracılığıyla önyargı, gruplar arasında sınırları oluşturarak, algıları ve
normları etkileyerek değişime yol açsa da, bunun tam tersi durumlar da
mümkündür. Özetlemek gerekirse, dilin kendisi önyargıya neden olabilir ve o
dili kullanan kişiler arasında bir eşitsizlik durumunu tetikleyebilir. The Alcoran of Mahomet, Alexander
Ross’un (1649) İslam'ın kutsal kitabı olan Kur'an-ı Kerim’in İngilizce
çevirisidir. Ross’un çevirisi kendi döneminde oldukça etkili olmasına rağmen,
özgün metne sadık kalınmadığı ve de önyargılı ifadeler içerdiği görülmüştür. Bu
çalışmada, The Alcoran of Mahomet
adlı eserin yansıtmış olduğu önyargı ve dilin gücü irdelenmektedir.
Araştırmanın temel amacı The Alcoran of
Mahomet
çevirisinde Ross’un Hristiyan okuyucu kitlesi için eklemiş olduğu
çevirmenin notuna benzer yorum bölümünün dilini incelemektir. Alexander Ross’un
kullanmış olduğu dili analiz etmek için dili gruplar içinde incelemeye yarayan
bir taksonomi uygulandı. Bu taksonomi, dil ilişkilerini mecazi açıdan kap,
mercek, barometre ve işaret sözcükleriyle kavramlaştıran bir modeldir.
Çalışmada görüldüğü üzere,  olgunlaşmamış
bilgilerle tasarlanan bir yargı ya da görüş sonucunda oluşan önyargılı dil
olumsuzdur.

References

  • Blom, H. W. (2005). Grotius and socianism. In M. Mulsow & J. Rohls (Eds.), Socinianism and arminianism: Antitrinitarians, calvinists, and cultural exchange in seventeenth-century Europe, 121–147. Leiden: Brill. Burman, T. E. (2010) Riccoldo da Monte di Croce. In D. Thomas (Ed.) Christian-Muslim relations 600-1500. Consulted online on 13 July 2018 at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1877-8054_cmri_COM_24694 Collins, K. A., & Clement, R. (2012). Language and prejudice: direct and moderated effects. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, vol. 31, no. 4, 376-396. Farghal, M. & N. Bloushi (2012). Shifts of coherence in Quran translation. Sayyab Translation Journal (STJ), vol. (4), 1-18. Grafton, D. D. (2017). Martin Luther's sources on the Turk and Islam in the midst of the fear of Ottoman imperialism. The Muslim World, vol. 107, no. 4, 665–683. Haleem, M. A. (2017). Exploring the Qur'an: context and impact. London: I. B. Taurus. Hales, W. (1830). A new analysis of chronology and geography, history and prophecy: in which their elements are attempted to be explained, harmonized and vindicated, upon scriptural and scientific principles. London: Rivington. Hamilton, A. & Richard, F. (2004) André du Ryer and oriental studies in seventeenth-century France. London: Oxford Uni. Press. Consulted online on 10 July 2018 at: http://www.arcadian-library.com/study-series-no-1.php Inalcık, H. (2017). Osmanlı ve Avrupa- Osmanlı Devleti'nin Avrupa tarihindeki yeri. Istanbul: Kronik Kitap. McKenzie, J. L. (1965). Dictionary of the Bible. New York: MacMillan Pub. McLeod, S. (2008). Prejudice and discrimination in psychology. Simply Psychology. Consulted online on 13 July 2018 at: http://www.simplypsychology.org/prejudice.html Ng, S. H. (2007). Language-based discrimination: Blatant and subtle forms. Journal of Language. and Social Psychology, vol. 26, 106-122. Pollard, R. T. (2008). Dan Taylor (1738-1816), Baptist leader and pioneering Evangelical. Eugene: Pickwick Pub. Pepperney, J. (2007). The Elizabethan Jesuits and religious toleration. Reformation, 12:1, 139-168. Ross, A. (1649). The Alcoran of Mahomet, Translated out of Arabique into French; By the Sieur Du Ryer, Lord of Malezair, and Resident for the King of France, at Alexandria. And newly Englished, for the satisfaction of all that desire to look into the Turkish vanities. London. U.K. Also available at: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/B25542.0001.001?view=toc Rushdie, S. (1988). The Satanic Verses. London: Viking. Sale, G. (1734). The Koran; commonly called the Alcoran of Mohammed: translated from the original Arabic. With explanatory notes, taken from the most approved commentators. To which is prefixed a preliminary discourse by George Sale. London: Ackers Sutton, R. M. (2010). The creative power of language in social cognition and intergroup relations. In H. Giles, S. Reid, & J. Harwood (Eds.), Language as social action: Vol. 8. The dynamics of intergroup communication, 105-115. New York: Peter Lang Pub. Upham, E. (1828). History of the Ottoman Empire: from its establishment, till the year 1828. Edinburgh: Printed for Constable and Co. Consulted online on 15 July 2018 at: https://books.google.co.mz/books?id=cUUPAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA3&hl=tr&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false

An analysis of Ross’s The Alcoran of Mahomet: A translation and its potential impact on thought

Year 2019, Issue: 16, 577 - 586, 21.09.2019
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.619065

Abstract

For centuries translation has acted as a bridge
between differing societies and from time to time these types of linguistic
interactions among social groups paved the way for the emergence of bias and
prejudice language.  At present,
linguistic research based on investigating prejudice has displayed that
language has various roles on prejudice because language is the major tool for
communicating and maintaining prejudice. While prejudice through language can
bring change by forming group boundaries, effecting perceptions and having an
impact on norms, the vice versa is also possible. In short, language itself can
result in prejudice and trigger inequalities among speakers of the language. The Alcoran of Mahomet is the title of
Alexander Ross’s (1649) English translation of the Holy Quran, the sacred book
of Islam. Although Ross’s translation was highly influential in its era, it
embeds biased expressions and is found to be an unfaithful translation. The
present research attempts to explore the power of language and prejudice
reflected in The Alcoran of Mahomet.
The major aim is to investigate the prejudice language adopted in the
commentary section, a type of translator’s notes written for the Christian
reader by Alexander Ross.  The analysis
of the language employed by Alexander Ross is conducted by using a taxonomy
used for investigating language within groups. This taxonomy is a
conceptualizing of language relations through a model involving the four
metaphors, vessel, lens, barometer, and sign. As the study reveals
prejudice language is
negative when it is in the form of a judgement or opinion conceived beforehand
with immature information.

References

  • Blom, H. W. (2005). Grotius and socianism. In M. Mulsow & J. Rohls (Eds.), Socinianism and arminianism: Antitrinitarians, calvinists, and cultural exchange in seventeenth-century Europe, 121–147. Leiden: Brill. Burman, T. E. (2010) Riccoldo da Monte di Croce. In D. Thomas (Ed.) Christian-Muslim relations 600-1500. Consulted online on 13 July 2018 at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1877-8054_cmri_COM_24694 Collins, K. A., & Clement, R. (2012). Language and prejudice: direct and moderated effects. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, vol. 31, no. 4, 376-396. Farghal, M. & N. Bloushi (2012). Shifts of coherence in Quran translation. Sayyab Translation Journal (STJ), vol. (4), 1-18. Grafton, D. D. (2017). Martin Luther's sources on the Turk and Islam in the midst of the fear of Ottoman imperialism. The Muslim World, vol. 107, no. 4, 665–683. Haleem, M. A. (2017). Exploring the Qur'an: context and impact. London: I. B. Taurus. Hales, W. (1830). A new analysis of chronology and geography, history and prophecy: in which their elements are attempted to be explained, harmonized and vindicated, upon scriptural and scientific principles. London: Rivington. Hamilton, A. & Richard, F. (2004) André du Ryer and oriental studies in seventeenth-century France. London: Oxford Uni. Press. Consulted online on 10 July 2018 at: http://www.arcadian-library.com/study-series-no-1.php Inalcık, H. (2017). Osmanlı ve Avrupa- Osmanlı Devleti'nin Avrupa tarihindeki yeri. Istanbul: Kronik Kitap. McKenzie, J. L. (1965). Dictionary of the Bible. New York: MacMillan Pub. McLeod, S. (2008). Prejudice and discrimination in psychology. Simply Psychology. Consulted online on 13 July 2018 at: http://www.simplypsychology.org/prejudice.html Ng, S. H. (2007). Language-based discrimination: Blatant and subtle forms. Journal of Language. and Social Psychology, vol. 26, 106-122. Pollard, R. T. (2008). Dan Taylor (1738-1816), Baptist leader and pioneering Evangelical. Eugene: Pickwick Pub. Pepperney, J. (2007). The Elizabethan Jesuits and religious toleration. Reformation, 12:1, 139-168. Ross, A. (1649). The Alcoran of Mahomet, Translated out of Arabique into French; By the Sieur Du Ryer, Lord of Malezair, and Resident for the King of France, at Alexandria. And newly Englished, for the satisfaction of all that desire to look into the Turkish vanities. London. U.K. Also available at: https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/B25542.0001.001?view=toc Rushdie, S. (1988). The Satanic Verses. London: Viking. Sale, G. (1734). The Koran; commonly called the Alcoran of Mohammed: translated from the original Arabic. With explanatory notes, taken from the most approved commentators. To which is prefixed a preliminary discourse by George Sale. London: Ackers Sutton, R. M. (2010). The creative power of language in social cognition and intergroup relations. In H. Giles, S. Reid, & J. Harwood (Eds.), Language as social action: Vol. 8. The dynamics of intergroup communication, 105-115. New York: Peter Lang Pub. Upham, E. (1828). History of the Ottoman Empire: from its establishment, till the year 1828. Edinburgh: Printed for Constable and Co. Consulted online on 15 July 2018 at: https://books.google.co.mz/books?id=cUUPAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA3&hl=tr&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Linguistics
Journal Section Turkish language, culture and literature
Authors

İlknur Savaşkan 0000-0003-4537-0358

Publication Date September 21, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Issue: 16

Cite

APA Savaşkan, İ. (2019). An analysis of Ross’s The Alcoran of Mahomet: A translation and its potential impact on thought. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(16), 577-586. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.619065