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Ataerkil baskıya karşı kadın reaksiyonu: Charlotte Brontë’nin Villette’inde defin, direniş ve özgürleşme

Year 2022, Issue: Ö11, 513 - 523, 21.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1146704

Abstract

Charlotte Brontë’nin Villette adlı romanındaki anlatıcı kahramanı Lucy Snowe, fiziksel olarak çekici, sevecen ve itaatkar olduğu varsayılan ideal kadının Viktorya dönemi algısından farklı, sıra dışı bir figürdür. Romanda ataerkil gözetim, Michel Foucault’nun toplumu kontrol etmeye yönelik casusluk ve gözetlemeye dayalı Panopticon mekanizmasını yorumlamasıyla gözlemlenir. Roman, Mösyö Paul’u, Foucault’nun sembolik kontrol kulesini hatırlatan M. Beck'in okuluna bakan odasından öğrencileri ve öğretmenleri izleyen ataerkil bir figür olarak sunar. Birincil gözlemlenen figür olarak Lucy, erkek karakterler Mösyö Paul, Père Silas ve Dr. John tarafından dini ve cinsel baskıya maruz kalır. Ayrıca, onu tavan arasında ve müzenin köşesinde tutan erkek otorite tarafından fiziksel olarak kısıtlanır. M. Paul'un Lucy'nin kadınsı intelektin geleneksel sınırlarını aşmasına karşı öfkesi, Lucy'yi öğrenmeye daha hevesli olmaya iter çünkü onun haksız tutumu onu bilgiyi elde etmek için daha hırslı hale getirir. Lucy'nin ataerkil baskıya karşı ilk tepkisi arzularını bastırmak olur ve duygularını açığa vurmaktan kaçınmayı tercih eder. Sonunda kendi okulunu yöneten muzaffer ve kendine güvenen bir kadın olarak bağımsızlığını kazanmayı başarır. Metin üzerindeki feminist analizler, Brontë'nin, özgürleşmesini sürdürmek ve kültürel olarak inşa edilmiş kadın niteliklerinin reddini bir kez daha vurgulamak için Lucy'nin yaşamına herhangi bir erkek figür gelmeden önce romanı kasıtlı olarak sonlandırdığını ortaya koyuyor. Bu makale, Brontë'nin, ilk olarak ataerkil baskıya zekasıyla direnerek duygularını gömen ve baskıcı erkek otoritenin yıkılmasıyla kadın kimliğini yeniden inşa eden, başlangıçta tılsımlı olmayan kahramanı Lucy aracılığıyla, sonunda güçlü kadın figürünü portre ettiği sonucuna varmaktadır.

References

  • Alcoff, L. (1997). Cultural feminism versus post-structuralism: The identity crisis in feminist theory. In L. Nicholson (Ed.), The second wave: A reader in feminist theory (pp. 330-355). Routledge.
  • Ateş, Kevser (2015). Lucy’s quest for self-discovery. Electronic International Journal of Education Arts and Science, 1(1), 55-61. http://eijeas.com/index.php/EIJEAS/article/view/10
  • Brontë, C. (2007). Villette. The Pennsylvania State University.
  • Dickason, A. (1982). The feminine as a universal. In M. Betterling-Braggin (Ed.), Feminity, masculunity and androgyny (pp. 10-30). Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Ekler, O. (2015). Pre-oedipal Lucy Snowe: Isis unbound over castrated male body. Electronic International Journal of Education Arts and Science, 1(1), 77-84. http://eijeas.com/index.php/EIJEAS/article/view/4
  • Felman, S. (1997). Women and madness: The critical phallacy. In R. R. Warhol & D. P. Herndl (Eds.), Feminism: An anthology of literary theory and criticism (pp. 6-20). Rutgers University Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. Penguin Books.
  • Gilbert, S. M. & Gubar, S. (2000). The madwoman in the attic: The woman writer and the nineteenth-century literary imagination. Yale Nota Bene.
  • Güven, F. (2021). Panopticon surveillance, deviation from gender roles and liberation in Villette. International Journal of Language Academy, 10(1), 39-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/ijla.54669
  • Haller, E K. (2010). Perception and the suppression of identity in Villette. Brontë Studies, 35(2), 149-59. https://doi.org/10.1179/147489310X12687566093352
  • Hodge, J. (2005). Villette’s compulsory education. Studies in English Literature, 45(4), 899-916. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3844620
  • Jung, S. (2010). Curiosity, surveillance and detection in Charlotte Brontë’s Villette. Brontë Studies 35(2), 160-71. https://doi.org/10.1179/147489310X12687566666897
  • Lee, Y. (2011). Lucy’s Attempts to Emancipate from Patriarchal Oppression in Villette. The University of Southern Mississippi Studies, 29(3), 199-217. https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001582211

Female reaction against patriarchal oppression: Burial, resistance, and emancipation in Charlotte Brontë’s Villette

Year 2022, Issue: Ö11, 513 - 523, 21.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1146704

Abstract

The narrator protagonist Lucy Snowe in Charlotte Brontë’s novel Villette is an unconventional figure distinct from the Victorian perception of the ideal woman who is assumed to be physically attractive, affectionate, and submissive. Patriarchal monitoring in the novel is observed through Michel Foucault’s interpretation of Panopticon mechanism to control the society, which is based on spying and surveillance. The novel presents Monsieur Paul as a patriarchal figure monitoring the students and the teachers from his room overlooking M. Beck’s school, which recalls Foucault’s symbolic control tower. As a primary observed figure, Lucy is exposed to religious and sexual oppression by the male characters Monsieur Paul, Père Silas, and Dr. John. She is also restrained physically by the male authority keeping her in the attic and at the corner of the museum. M. Paul’s anger against Lucy’s crossing the conventional boundaries of the feminine intellect drives Lucy to be more eager to learn because his unjust attitude makes her more ambitious to crave for knowledge. Lucy’s first reaction against patriarchal oppression is to repress her desires and she prefers to avoid revealing her feelings. She eventually achieves to gain her independence as a triumphant and confident woman governing her own school in the end. The feminist analysis on the text reveals that Brontë intentionally ends the novel before the arrival of any male figure in Lucy’s life to sustain her liberation and to emphasize once more the rejection of the culturally constructed female qualities. This paper concludes that Brontë portrays the powerful female figure in the end through the initially charmless protagonist Lucy who buries her feelings at first by resisting the patriarchal oppression through her intellect and reconstructs her female identity by the destruction of the suppressive male authority.

References

  • Alcoff, L. (1997). Cultural feminism versus post-structuralism: The identity crisis in feminist theory. In L. Nicholson (Ed.), The second wave: A reader in feminist theory (pp. 330-355). Routledge.
  • Ateş, Kevser (2015). Lucy’s quest for self-discovery. Electronic International Journal of Education Arts and Science, 1(1), 55-61. http://eijeas.com/index.php/EIJEAS/article/view/10
  • Brontë, C. (2007). Villette. The Pennsylvania State University.
  • Dickason, A. (1982). The feminine as a universal. In M. Betterling-Braggin (Ed.), Feminity, masculunity and androgyny (pp. 10-30). Rowman and Littlefield.
  • Ekler, O. (2015). Pre-oedipal Lucy Snowe: Isis unbound over castrated male body. Electronic International Journal of Education Arts and Science, 1(1), 77-84. http://eijeas.com/index.php/EIJEAS/article/view/4
  • Felman, S. (1997). Women and madness: The critical phallacy. In R. R. Warhol & D. P. Herndl (Eds.), Feminism: An anthology of literary theory and criticism (pp. 6-20). Rutgers University Press.
  • Foucault, M. (1977). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison. Penguin Books.
  • Gilbert, S. M. & Gubar, S. (2000). The madwoman in the attic: The woman writer and the nineteenth-century literary imagination. Yale Nota Bene.
  • Güven, F. (2021). Panopticon surveillance, deviation from gender roles and liberation in Villette. International Journal of Language Academy, 10(1), 39-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/ijla.54669
  • Haller, E K. (2010). Perception and the suppression of identity in Villette. Brontë Studies, 35(2), 149-59. https://doi.org/10.1179/147489310X12687566093352
  • Hodge, J. (2005). Villette’s compulsory education. Studies in English Literature, 45(4), 899-916. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3844620
  • Jung, S. (2010). Curiosity, surveillance and detection in Charlotte Brontë’s Villette. Brontë Studies 35(2), 160-71. https://doi.org/10.1179/147489310X12687566666897
  • Lee, Y. (2011). Lucy’s Attempts to Emancipate from Patriarchal Oppression in Villette. The University of Southern Mississippi Studies, 29(3), 199-217. https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001582211
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Linguistics
Journal Section World languages, cultures and litertures
Authors

Seher Özsert This is me 0000-0002-2931-499X

Publication Date July 21, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Issue: Ö11

Cite

APA Özsert, S. (2022). Female reaction against patriarchal oppression: Burial, resistance, and emancipation in Charlotte Brontë’s Villette. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(Ö11), 513-523. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1146704