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Year 2024, Issue: 38, 1511 - 1521, 21.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1440004

Abstract

References

  • Arp, J. A. (2005). Urban trenches: War poetry and the unreal city of the Great War in T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land [Master of Arts]. Iowa State University.
  • Bezirci, A., & Hikmet, N. (1975). Kuvayi Milliye Destanı. İn Nâzım Hikmet ve seçme şiirleri: İnceleme-antoloji (pp. 139–143). A Yayınları.
  • Dolcerocca, O. N. (2016). Reimagining the Epic: Historical and Collective Memory in Nâzım Hikmet and Pablo Neruda. JFL, 33(2), 111–121.
  • https://www.academia.edu/35629982/Reimagining_the_Epic_Historical_and_Collective_Memory_in_N%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Hikmet_and_Pablo_Neruda
  • Ersoy, A. (2010). The Legend of National Militia: Context. In M. Górny, V. Kechriotis, & A. Ersoy (Eds.), & A. Ersoy (Trans.), Modernism: The Creation of Nation-States. Central European University Press.
  • Essen, L. van der. (1917). The Invasion & the War in Belgium from Liège to the Yser: With a Sketch of the Diplomatic Negotiations Preceding the Conflict. T. F. Unwin.
  • Ford, F. M. (2003). In October 1914 [Antwerp]. In Ford Madox Ford: Selected Poems (pp. 82–85). Psychology Press.
  • Frayn, A. (2016). Ford and the First World War. In A. Chantler & R. Hawkes (Eds.), An Introduction to Ford Madox Ford (pp. 121–134). Routledge.
  • Gariper, K. (2016a). Epik Destan Geleneği ve Nâzım Hikmet’in Kuvâyi Milliye Destanı. Yeni Türk Edebiyatı Araştırmaları Modern Turkish Literature Researches, 8(15), 82–99.
  • Gariper, K. (2016b). Hegemonyaya Karşı Bir Varoluş Mücadelesi Nâzım Hikmet’in Kuvâyi Milliye Destanı. ISSMC, 361–370. https://www.academia.edu/35465591/HEGEMONYAYA_KAR%C5%9EI_B%C4%B0R_VAROLU%C5%9E_M%C3%9CCADELES%C4%B0_N%C3%82ZIM_H%C4%B0KMET_%C4%B0N_KUV%C3%82Y%C4%B0_M%C4%B0LL%C4%B0YE_DESTANI
  • Günaydin, N. (2014). Modern Şiirin Öncüleri: Nazım Hikmet Ve Walt Whıtman. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 2(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.135
  • Hikmet, N. (1992). Şiirler 3 - Kuvâyi Milliye: Kuvayi Milliye / Saat 21 - 22 Şiirleri / Dört Hapisaneden / Rubailer (G. Turan, Ed.; 6th ed.). Adam Yayınları.
  • Hikmet, N. (2002). Human Landscapes from My Country: An Epic Novel in Verse (Randy Blasing, & Mutlu Konuk Blasing, Trans.). Persea Books.
  • Rademacher, J. W. (2007). Images of the First World War: Ford’s ‘in October 1914’ Read in the Context of Contemporary German Writers. International Ford Madox Ford Studies, 6, 179–188. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44871509
  • Saunders, M. (2003). Introduction. In M. Saunders (Ed.), Ford Madox Ford: Selected Poems (pp. ix–xv). Psychology Press.
  • Wiesenfarth, J. (2014). Death in the Wasteland: Ford, Wells, and Waugh. International Ford Madox Ford Studies, 13, 197–206. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44871710

Verses of Change: Democratisation of Poetry in Ford Madox Ford’s “Antwerp” and Nazım Hikmet Ran’s “The Legend of the National Militia”

Year 2024, Issue: 38, 1511 - 1521, 21.02.2024
https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1440004

Abstract

Wars have always been echoed in literature as manifestations of humankind's desire for supremacy and power across history. Twentieth-century poetry, marked by the turmoil of the two World Wars and the wars of independence, reflects poets' patriotic and personal responses to the power struggles and expansionist policies of imperialist countries. These poems also challenge traditional war narratives that glorify politicians while ignoring the horrors of war and the ordinary people whose heroic struggles changed the course of history. Ford Madox Ford, one of the leading Modernist poets and novelists in English literature, and Nazım Hikmet, a pivotal figure in twentieth-century Turkish poetry, wrote unique narrative poems that critically reimagine war and attribute heroism to common people. This article contends that Ford’s “In October 1914 [Antwerp]” and N. Hikmet’s “The Legend of the National Militia” (Kuvayi Milliye Destanı) mirror the poets’ attempts to democratise poetry by portraying the extraordinary resistance of ordinary people instead of the idealised hero archetype. Furthermore, the poems serve to politicise modernist verse by addressing the suffering of ordinary individuals and their struggles against expansionist countries and calling for the recognition of alternative histories. While Ford’s poem immortalises the martyrdom of Belgians and the agonies of Belgian refugees brought on by the conflicting interests of hegemonic countries, Nazım’s poem portrays the defiance of the ignored people of Anatolia against both imperialist powers and the unjust social structures.

References

  • Arp, J. A. (2005). Urban trenches: War poetry and the unreal city of the Great War in T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land [Master of Arts]. Iowa State University.
  • Bezirci, A., & Hikmet, N. (1975). Kuvayi Milliye Destanı. İn Nâzım Hikmet ve seçme şiirleri: İnceleme-antoloji (pp. 139–143). A Yayınları.
  • Dolcerocca, O. N. (2016). Reimagining the Epic: Historical and Collective Memory in Nâzım Hikmet and Pablo Neruda. JFL, 33(2), 111–121.
  • https://www.academia.edu/35629982/Reimagining_the_Epic_Historical_and_Collective_Memory_in_N%C3%A2z%C4%B1m_Hikmet_and_Pablo_Neruda
  • Ersoy, A. (2010). The Legend of National Militia: Context. In M. Górny, V. Kechriotis, & A. Ersoy (Eds.), & A. Ersoy (Trans.), Modernism: The Creation of Nation-States. Central European University Press.
  • Essen, L. van der. (1917). The Invasion & the War in Belgium from Liège to the Yser: With a Sketch of the Diplomatic Negotiations Preceding the Conflict. T. F. Unwin.
  • Ford, F. M. (2003). In October 1914 [Antwerp]. In Ford Madox Ford: Selected Poems (pp. 82–85). Psychology Press.
  • Frayn, A. (2016). Ford and the First World War. In A. Chantler & R. Hawkes (Eds.), An Introduction to Ford Madox Ford (pp. 121–134). Routledge.
  • Gariper, K. (2016a). Epik Destan Geleneği ve Nâzım Hikmet’in Kuvâyi Milliye Destanı. Yeni Türk Edebiyatı Araştırmaları Modern Turkish Literature Researches, 8(15), 82–99.
  • Gariper, K. (2016b). Hegemonyaya Karşı Bir Varoluş Mücadelesi Nâzım Hikmet’in Kuvâyi Milliye Destanı. ISSMC, 361–370. https://www.academia.edu/35465591/HEGEMONYAYA_KAR%C5%9EI_B%C4%B0R_VAROLU%C5%9E_M%C3%9CCADELES%C4%B0_N%C3%82ZIM_H%C4%B0KMET_%C4%B0N_KUV%C3%82Y%C4%B0_M%C4%B0LL%C4%B0YE_DESTANI
  • Günaydin, N. (2014). Modern Şiirin Öncüleri: Nazım Hikmet Ve Walt Whıtman. The Journal of Academic Social Science, 2(1), Article 3. https://doi.org/10.16992/ASOS.135
  • Hikmet, N. (1992). Şiirler 3 - Kuvâyi Milliye: Kuvayi Milliye / Saat 21 - 22 Şiirleri / Dört Hapisaneden / Rubailer (G. Turan, Ed.; 6th ed.). Adam Yayınları.
  • Hikmet, N. (2002). Human Landscapes from My Country: An Epic Novel in Verse (Randy Blasing, & Mutlu Konuk Blasing, Trans.). Persea Books.
  • Rademacher, J. W. (2007). Images of the First World War: Ford’s ‘in October 1914’ Read in the Context of Contemporary German Writers. International Ford Madox Ford Studies, 6, 179–188. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44871509
  • Saunders, M. (2003). Introduction. In M. Saunders (Ed.), Ford Madox Ford: Selected Poems (pp. ix–xv). Psychology Press.
  • Wiesenfarth, J. (2014). Death in the Wasteland: Ford, Wells, and Waugh. International Ford Madox Ford Studies, 13, 197–206. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44871710
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects British and Irish Language, Literature and Culture
Journal Section World languages and litertures
Authors

Meltem Can This is me 0000-0002-8561-804X

Publication Date February 21, 2024
Submission Date November 23, 2023
Acceptance Date February 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 38

Cite

APA Can, M. (2024). Verses of Change: Democratisation of Poetry in Ford Madox Ford’s “Antwerp” and Nazım Hikmet Ran’s “The Legend of the National Militia”. RumeliDE Dil Ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi(38), 1511-1521. https://doi.org/10.29000/rumelide.1440004

RumeliDE Journal of Language and Literature Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY NC).