Political Relations of Visegrad Group Countries with the Russian Federation: Common or Different Position?

Year 2021, , 131 - 155, 30.06.2021

Bilal Bahadır Karaca

https://doi.org/10.48068/rusad.960483

Abstract

Due to its geopolitical importance, Central Europe has been an object of the power struggle between the great powers for years. Central European States, which used to be under the influence of the Soviet Union for forty-five years after the Second World War, gained political freedom with the collapse of the Iron Curtain and the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Three of these Central European states, or to be more accurate four, after the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993, formed the Visegrad Group, strengthening cooperation between each other in various fields and rapidly implementing new strategies for European integration. In other words, as members of the European Union and NATO, the Visegrad Group countries successfully went through this process and became a part of the Euro-Atlantic trajectory. However, Russian Federation, which dealt with various political, social, and economic crises after the collapse of the Soviet Union, has regained its former power and self-confidence under Putin's leadership and has become a significant power again with a broad foreign policy vision. Thus, the relationship between these countries, which took a new position in the international system, has become worth examining. In this context, the relations between the Visegrad Group countries and the Russian Federation were analyzed in our study. As the leading research problem on whether the Visegrad Group countries take a common political position in their relations with the Russian Federation was discussed and the political positions of these countries were tried to be reflected. In our study, as an approach within the theoretical framework of neoclassical realism was displayed, an analysis was not only made at the international system level but also an interaction between the internal dynamics of those countries with the international system was examined using the comparative research method.

Keywords

Russian foreign policy, neoclassical realism, Visegrad Group, Russian Federation, Central Europe, European Union

Политические отношения стран Вышеградской группы с Российской Федерацией: общность или различия позиций?

Abstract

Ввиду своего особого геополитического значения Центральная Европа в течение многих лет была объектом борьбы за влияние между великими державами. Государства Центральной Европы, которые находились под влиянием Советского Союза в течение сорока пяти лет после Второй мировой войны, обрели политическую независимость с падением «железного занавеса» и распадом СССР. Три из этих центральноевропейских государств, а впоследствии, после разделения Чехословакии на Чехию и Словакию в 1993 году, четыре, сформировали Вышеградскую группу, укрепляя сотрудничество друг с другом в различных областях, тем самым активно внедряя новые методы и приемы процессов европейской интеграции. Другими словами, как члены Европейского Союза и НАТО страны Вышеградской группы успешно прошли этот процесс и стали частью евроатлантического блока. Однако Российская Федерация, справившись с различными политическими, социальными и экономическими кризисами после распада Советского Союза, вернула себе былую мощь и уверенность в своем курсе под руководством Путина, снова стала проявлять амбиции великой державы с широким видением своей роли в мировой внешней политике. Отношения между этими странами, занявшими в начале XXI в. новые позиции в международной системе, стали предметом изучения данной статьи. В этом контексте в нашем исследовании были проанализированы отношения между странами Вышеградской группы и Российской Федерацией. В качестве основной исследовательской проблемы был рассмотрен вопрос о том, занимают ли страны Вышеградской группы единую политическую позицию в своих отношениях с Российской Федерацией, а также произведена попытка разносторонне отразить политические позиции этих стран. Поскольку взгляд на проблему опирается на теорию неоклассического реализма, то в статье проведен анализ факторов не только на уровне системы международных взаимоотношений в целом, но также и особенностей внутреннего развития и общей динамикой развития этих стран с использованием компаративного метода исследования.

Keywords

Российская внешная политика, неоклассический реализм, Вышеградская группа, Российская Федерация, Центральная Европа, Европейский союз, внешняя политика

Vişegrad Grubu Ülkelerinin Rusya Federasyonu ile Siyasi İlişkileri: Ortak ya da Farklı Pozisyon?

Abstract

Orta Avrupa, jeopolitik önemi nedeni ile yıllar boyunca büyük güçler arasında süren güç mücadelesinin bir nesnesi konumunda yer almıştır. İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrasında Sovyetler Birliği'nin kırk beş yıl etkisi altında kalan Orta Avrupa Devletleri, Demir Perde'nin çökmesi ve Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılması ile siyasal özgürlüklerine kavuşmuştur. Bu Orta Avrupa Devletleri'nden üç tanesi, daha doğrusu 1993 yılında Çekoslovakya'nın, Çek Cumhuriyeti ve Slovakya olarak ayrılması ile dört tanesi, Vişegrad Grubu'nu oluşturarak hem çeşitli alanlarda birbirleri arasındaki iş birliğini kuvvetlendirmiş hem de yeni rotaları olan Avrupa entegrasyonunu hızlı bir şekilde hayata geçirmişlerdir. Keza Avrupa Birliği ve NATO üyesi olarak Vişegrad Grubu ülkeleri, bu süreci başarıyla geçmiş ve Avrupa-Atlantik yörüngesinin bir parçası haline gelmişlerdi. Sovyetler Birliği'nin dağılmasından sonra çeşitli siyasal, sosyal ve ekonomik krizlerle uğraşan Rusya Federasyonu ise Putin'in liderliğinde eski gücüne ve özgüvenine kavuşmuş ve geniş bir dış politika vizyonu ile tekrar önemli bir güç haline gelmiştir. Uluslararası sistemde yeniden pozisyon alan bu ülkeler arasındaki ilişki incelenmeye değer bir hal almıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmamızda Vişegrad Grubu ülkeleri ile Rusya Federasyonu arasındaki ilişkiler analiz edilmiştir. Temel araştırma problemi olarak Vişegrad Grubu ülkelerinin Rusya Federasyonu ile olan ilişkilerinde ortak bir politik pozisyon alıp almadıkları ele alınmış ve bu ülkelerin politik pozisyonları yansıtılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmamızda neoklasik realizmin teorik çerçevesinde bir yaklaşım sergilenerek sadece uluslararası sistem düzeyinde bir analiz yapılmamıştır. Ayrıca ülkelerin iç dinamiklerinin uluslararası sistem ile etkileşimi karşılaştırmalı araştırma metodu kullanılarak incelenmiştir.

Keywords

Rus dış politikası, neoklasik realizm, Vişegrad Grubu, Rusya Federasyonu, Orta Avrupa, Avrupa Birliği

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