Associations Between Chronotype, Mindful Eating, and Depression, Anxiety and Stress in Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in Türkiye

Abstract

Aim: The relationship between chronotype and mental well-being underscores the importance of considering individual circadian preferences in promoting healthy eating behaviors and overall well-being. This study aimed to investigate the association between chronotype and depression, stress, anxiety, mindful eating, and intuitive eating among Turkish adults. Material and Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among adults between October 2023-March 2024 in Istanbul, Türkiye. An online questionnaire including demographic characteristics, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), and Intuitive Eating Scale–2nd edition (IES-2) was performed. Additionally, height and body weight were taken with the declaration of the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0. Results: In this study, 250 adults (8% morning type, 46% intermediate type, 46% evening type) participated. DASS-21 scores were higher in evening types and statistically different from morning types (p<0.001 for depression and stress scores, p= 0.004 for anxiety scores). In contrast, MEQ scores were statistically higher in morning types than in intermediate types (p = 0.030). A weak positive correlation was found between chronotype and MEQ scores (r= 0.228, p< 0.001), whereas weak negative correlations were identified with stress scores (r= -0.245, p< 0.001), anxiety scores (r= -0.149, p= 0.019), and depression scores (r= -0.219, p<0.001). Evening type was associated with higher MEQ scores, depression, stress and anxiety according to logistic regression analysis, after with and without adjustment (95% CI: 0.177, p: 0.014, and 95% CI 0.174, p: 0.008, respectively). Conclusion: Depression, stress, anxiety and mindful eating were associated in adults with the evening type.

Keywords

• chronotype
• depression
• minfulness
• mindful eating

Yetişkinlerde Kronotip, Yeme Farkındalığı ile Depresyon, Anksiyete ve Stres Arasındaki İlişki: Türkiye Örneğinde Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Kronotip ve ruhsal esenlik arasındaki ilişki, sağlıklı beslenme davranışlarının ve genel esenliğin teşvik edilmesinde bireysel sirkadiyen tercihlerin dikkate alınmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türk yetişkinlerde kronotip ile depresyon, stres, anksiyete, yeme farkındalığı ve sezgisel yeme arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel çalışma, Ekim 2023-Mart 2024 tarihleri arasında İstanbul'da yaşayan yetişkinler ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara demografik özellikler, Depresyon, Anksiyete, Stres Ölçeği-21 (DASS-21), Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği (MEQ) ve Sezgisel Yeme Ölçeği-2’yi (IES-2) içeren bir anket formu çevrimiçi olarak uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların vücut ağırlıkları ve boy uzunlukları beyana dayalı olarak alınmıştır. Veriler SPSS 24.0 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya 250 yetişkin (%8 sabahcıl tip, %46 orta tip, %46 akşamcıl tipi) katılmıştır. DASS-21 puanları akşamcıl tiplerinde daha yüksek olup, sabahcıl tiplerinden istatistiksel olarak farklı bulunmuştur (depresyon ve stres puanları için p<0,001, anksiyete puanları için p= 0,004). Buna karşılık, MEQ puanları sabah tiplerinde, ara tiplerden istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p = 0,030). Kronotip ile MEQ puanları arasında zayıf pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuş (r = 0,228, p<0,001), buna karşılık, stres puanları (r= -0,245, p<0,001), anksiyete puanları (r= -0,149, p=0,019) ve depresyon puanları (r= -0,219, p<0,001) ile zayıf negatif korelasyonlar belirlenmiştir. Akşam tip, ayarlamalar yapılsın ya da yapılmasın lojistik regresyon analizine göre daha yüksek MEQ skorları, depresyon, stres ve anksiyete ile ilişkili bulunmuştur (sırasıyla %95 CI: 0,177, p= 0.014 ve %95 CI 0.174, p= 0.008). Sonuç: Bu çalışmada akşamcıl tip olan yetişkinlerde depresyon, stres, anksiyete ve yeme farkındalığı ile ilişki saptanmıştır.

Keywords

• Kronotip
• depresyon
• farkındalık
• yeme farkındalığı

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