Yeme Bozuklukları ve Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası Etkileşimi

Abstract

Yeme bozuklukları, biyolojik, psikolojik ve sosyal faktörlerin karşılıklı etkileşimi sonucu gelişen psikiyatrik bozukluklardır. Yeme bozukluklarında açlığı ve tokluğu düzenleyen nörohormonlar ile duygudurum ve anksiyeteden sorumlu nörotransmiterler gibi biyolojik faktörler semptomların sürdürülmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bağırsak mikrobiyotası ile iştah, ruh hali ve vücut ağırlığının düzenlenmesinin ve bağırsak mikrobiyotasının bileşimindeki değişikliklerin çeşitli metabolik, nörodejeneratif ve nöropsikiyatrik bozukluklarla ilişkili olduğu bilinmektedir. Yeme bozuklukları olan kişilerde, sağlıklı bireylerle karşılaştırıldığında düşük mikrobiyal çeşitlilik ve taksonomik farklılıklar olduğu ve yeme bozukluklarının bağırsak mikrobiyotası bileşiminin bozulmasıyla ilişkili olduğu bildirilmiştir. Bağırsak mikrobiyotasında bulunan antijenler, bazı konak nöropeptidlerini ve nörohormonlarını taklit edebilir ve bu bileşiklerle çapraz reaksiyona giren otoantikorların üretimini tetikleyebilir. Bu antikorların düzeyleri ve afinitelerinin yeme bozukluğu gibi nöropsikiyatrik durumlarla ilişkili olduğu bildirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yeme bozukluğunun etiyolojisinde bağırsak mikrobiyotasının ve disbiyozunun rolüne ilişkin güncel literatür bilgilerinin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Diyet, bebeklikten yaşlılığa kadar insan bağırsak mikrobiyotasını etkileyen en önemli faktörlerden birisi olarak kabul edilir. Bu nedenle, diyet müdahaleleri bağırsak-beyin fonksiyon bozukluğuyla ilişkili psikolojik semptomları modüle etme potansiyeline sahip olabilir. Yeme bozukluğu ile bağırsak mikrobiyotası arasındaki etkileşimin anlaşılması, bağırsak mikroflorasının bileşimini iyileştirmeyi amaçlayan yeni tedavi yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabilir.

Keywords

• Anoreksiya nevroza
• bulimia nevroza
• disbiyozis
• mikrobiyota
• psikobiyotikler
• yeme bozuklukları

Interaction between Eating Disorders and Gut Microbiota

Abstract

Eating disorders are psychiatric disorders that develop as a result of the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors. In eating disorders, biological factors such as neurohormones regulating hunger and satiety, as well as neurotransmitters responsible for mood and anxiety, play a significant role in the maintenance of symptoms. It is known that the gut microbiota is involved in the regulation of appetite, mood, and body weight, and that alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota are associated with various metabolic, neurodegenerative, and neuropsychiatric disorders. It has been reported that individuals with eating disorders, when compared to healthy individuals, exhibit lower microbial diversity and taxonomic differences and that eating disorders are associated with an imbalance in gut microbiota composition. Antigens present in the gut microbiota may mimic certain host neuropeptides and neurohormones and may trigger the production of autoantibodies that cross-react with these compounds. The levels and affinities of these antibodies have been reported to be associated with neuropsychiatric conditions such as eating disorders. In this study, the aim is to review the current literature on the role of gut microbiota and dysbiosis in the etiology of eating disorders. Diet is considered one of the most important factors influencing the human gut microbiota from infancy to old age. Therefore, dietary interventions have the potential to modulate psychological symptoms associated with gut-brain dysfunction. Understanding the interaction between eating disorders and the gut microbiota may contribute to the development of novel treatment strategies aimed at improving gut microflora composition.

Keywords

• Anorexia nervosa
• bulimia nervosa
• dysbiosis
• microbiota
• psychobiotic
• eating disorders

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