Perceptions of exercise benefits and barriers among adolescents: A cross-sectional study

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 411 - 420, 01.09.2023

Serpil Özdemir , Dercan Gençbaş , Betül Tosun , Özlem Sinan , Hatice Bebiş

https://doi.org/10.52880/sagakaderg.1276660

Abstract

Background and aim: Physical inactivity is a preventable epidemic in both developed and developing countries. This study aims to examine the factors related to the perception of exercise benefits and barriers among adolescents. Material and methods: The cross-sectional study included 3405 adolescents in 15 public high schools in Ankara, Turkiye. The sample size was calculated using a cluster sampling method. The data collection form consisted of three sections. The first section included the socio-demographic characteristics of participants and the second section contained sedentary lifestyle characteristics of participants. The first two sections were prepared based on the literature by the researcher. The third section of the data collection form included the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale which was a valid and reliable instrument for the Turkish population. Spearman’s correlation test, Chi-square test, Mann Whitney U test, and Kruskal Wallis test were used for statistical analysis. Cronbach’s α was calculated to determine the internal reliability of the scale.
Results and conclusion: In this study the mean age was 16.54 (1.09) years and 57% (n=1940) of the participants were female. More than half of the participants reported insufficient physical activity (56%) and irregular exercise (62.1%). The total Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale score was 92.79 (13.22) and Cronbach α was 0.84 for the total of the scale. In this study, some factors such as sex (z=8.870; p=0.001), grade (z=20.37; p=0.001), physical activity (z=12.093; p=0.001), duration of sitting (z=3.555; p=0.001) were associated with perceptions of exercise benefits and barriers. A professional nursing approach can maintain lifelong activity and exercise by improving professional nursing interventions and perceptions of exercise benefits and effectively managing the relevant barriers and risks.

Keywords

Adolescent Health, Exercise Benefits, Exercise Barriers, Physical Activity.

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

Adölesanlarda egzersiz yararları ve engelleri algısı: Kesitsel bir çalışma

Abstract

Giriş ve amaç: Fiziksel inaktivite hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ülkelerde önlenebilir bir salgındır. Bu çalışma, adölesanların egzersize yönelik yarar ve engel algıları ile ilişkili faktörleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Kesitsel tipte yapılan bu çalışmaya Ankara ilindeki 15 devlet lisesinde öğrenim gören 3405 adölesan dahil edilmiştir. Örnek büyüklüğü küme örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. Veri toplama formu üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özellikleri, ikinci bölümde ise katılımcıların sedanter yaşam tarzı özellikleri yer aldı. İlk iki bölüm araştırmacı tarafından literatüre dayalı olarak hazırlanmıştır. Veri toplama formunun üçüncü bölümünde Türk toplumu için geçerli ve güvenilir bir araç olan Egzersiz Yararları ve Engelleri Ölçeği yer almaktadır. İstatistiksel analiz için Spearman korelasyon testi, Ki-kare testi, Mann-Whitney U testi ve Kruskal Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin iç güvenirliğini belirlemek için Cronbach α değeri hesaplanmıştır.
Bulgular ve sonuç: Bu çalışmada yaş ortalaması 16,54 (1,09) olup, katılımcıların %57'si (n=1940) kadındır. Katılımcıların yarısından fazlası yetersiz fiziksel aktivite (%56) ve düzensiz egzersiz (%62,1) yaptığını bildirmişlerdir. Egzersiz Yararları ve Engelleri Ölçeğinin toplam puanı 92,79 (13,22) ve Cronbach α katsayısı 0,84'tür. Bu çalışmada cinsiyet (z=8.870; p=0.001), sınıf (z=20.37; p=0.001), fiziksel aktivite (z=12.093; p=0.001), oturma süresi (z=3.555; p=0.001) egzersize yönelik yarar ve engel algılar ile ilişkili saptanmıştır. Profesyonel bir hemşirelik yaklaşımı ile profesyonel hemşirelik müdahalelerini ve egzersizin yararlarına ilişkin algıları iyileştirilerek ve ilgili engelleri/riskleri etkin bir şekilde yöneterek yaşam boyu aktivite ve egzersiz sürdürülebilir.

Keywords

adölesan sağlığı, egzersizin yararları, egzersiz engelleri, fiziksel aktivite

Project Number

-

References

• Aktürk, S., Büyükavcı, R., & Aktürk, Ü. (2019). Relationship between musculoskeletal disorders and physical inactivity in adolescents. Journal of Public Health, 27(1), 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-018-0923-7
• Ammouri, A. A., Kaur, H., Neuberger, G. B., Gajewski, B., & Choi, W. S. (2007). Correlates of exercise participation in adolescents. Public Health Nursing, 24(2), 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1446.2007.00615.x
• Aparicio-Ugarriza, R., Mielgo-Ayuso, J., Ruiz, E., Ávila, J. M., Aranceta-Bartrina, J., Gil, Á., ... & González-Gross, M. (2020). Active commuting, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors in children and adolescents from Spain: Findings from the ANIBES Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020668
• Babic, M. J., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Lonsdale, C., White, R. L., & Lubans, D. R. (2014). Physical activity and physical self-concept in youth: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 44, 1589-1601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-014-0229-z
• Baron, K. G., Reid, K. J., & Zee, P. C. (2013). Exercise to improve sleep in insomnia: exploration of the bidirectional effects. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 9(8), 819-824. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.2930
• Bauman, A. E., Reis, R. S., Sallis, J. F., Wells, J. C., Loos, R. J., & Martin, B. W. (2012). Correlates of physical activity: why are some people physically active and others not?. The lancet, 380(9838), 258-271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60735-1
• Bebiş, H., Akpunar, D., Özdemir, S., & Kılıç, S. (2015). Assessment of health promotion behavior of adolescents in a high school. Gulhane Medical Journal, 57(2), 129. https://doi.org/10.5455/gulhane.43275
• Boisgontier, M. P., & Iversen, M. D. (2020). Physical inactivity: a behavioral disorder in the physical therapist’s scope of practice. Physical Therapy, 100(5), 743-746. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzaa011
• Celik, B., & Koc, N. (2015). Effect of class size on university entrance exam in Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 919-924. Celik, B., & Koc, N. (2015). Effect of class size on university entrance exam in Turkey. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 919-924.
• Duffey, K., Barbosa, A., Whiting, S., Mendes, R., Yordi Aguirre, I., Tcymbal, A., ... & Breda, J. (2021). Barriers and facilitators of physical activity participation in adolescent girls: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Frontiers in public health, 9, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.743935
• Durkee, T., Carli, V., Floderus, B., Wasserman, C., Sarchiapone, M., Apter, A., ... & Wasserman, D. (2016). Pathological internet use and risk-behaviors among European adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(3), 294. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030294
• Eisenberg, M. E., Larson, N. I., Berge, J. M., Thul, C. M., & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2014). The home physical activity environment and adolescent BMI, physical activity, and TV viewing: disparities across a diverse sample. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 1, 326-336. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-014-0040-4
• Firat, S., & Nogay, N. H. (2021). Association of blood pressure with dietary intake, physical activity, and anthropometric measurements in Turkish adolescents. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 24(11), 1616-1623. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_685_20
• Fu, Y., Burns, R. D., Hsu, Y. W., & Zhang, P. (2022). Motivation, segmented physical activity, sedentary behavior, and weight status in adolescents: A path analysis. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 93(1), 204-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2020.1804520
• Ghekiere, A., Van Cauwenberg, J., Vandendriessche, A., Inchley, J., Gaspar de Matos, M., Borraccino, A., ... & De Clercq, B. (2019). Trends in sleeping difficulties among European adolescents: Are these associated with physical inactivity and excessive screen time?. International Journal of Public Health, 64, 487-498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-018-1188-1
• González, S. A., Sarmiento, O. L., Cohen, D. D., Camargo, D. M., Correa, J. E., Páez, D. C., & Ramírez-Vélez, R. (2014). Results from Colombia’s 2014 report card on physical activity for children and youth. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 11(s1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2014-0170
• Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2018). Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1· 9 million participants. The Lancet Global Health, 6(10), e1077-e1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7
• Guthold, R., Stevens, G. A., Riley, L. M., & Bull, F. C. (2020). Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1· 6 million participants. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health, 4(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2
• Hall, G., Laddu, D. R., Phillips, S. A., Lavie, C. J., & Arena, R. (2021). A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another?. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 64, 108-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.005
• Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., & Ekelund, U. (2012). Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. The Lancet, 380(9838), 247-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60646-1
• Kelso, A., Linder, S., Reimers, A. K., Klug, S. J., Alesi, M., Scifo, L., ... & Demetriou, Y. (2020). Effects of school-based interventions on motivation towards physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 51, 101770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101770
• Kremer, P., Elshaug, C., Leslie, E., Toumbourou, J. W., Patton, G. C., & Williams, J. (2014). Physical activity, leisure-time screen use and depression among children and young adolescents. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 17(2), 183-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.01
• Kubayi, N. A., & Surujlal, J. (2014). Perceived benefits of and barriers to exercise participation among secondary school students. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(20), 121-126. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p121
• Lesage, F. X., Berjot, S., & Deschamps, F. (2012). Clinical stress assessment using a visual analogue scale. Occupational medicine, 62(8), 600-605. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqs140
• Liu, S., Xu, B., Zhang, D., Tian, Y., & Wu, X. (2022). Core symptoms and symptom relationships of problematic internet use across early, middle, and late adolescence: a network analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 128(3), 107090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107090
• Love, R., Adams, J., Atkin, A., & Van Sluijs, E. (2019). Socioeconomic and ethnic differences in children’s vigorous intensity physical activity: A cross-sectional analysis of the UK Millennium Cohort Study. BMJ Open, 9(5), e027627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027627
• Mikaelsson, K., Rutberg, S., Lindqvist, A. K., & Michaelson, P. (2020). Physically inactive adolescents’ experiences of engaging in physical activity. European Journal of Physiotherapy, 22(4), 191-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/21679169.2019.1567808
• Morgan, P. J., Saunders, K. L., & Lubans, D. R. (2012). Improving physical self‐perception in adolescent boys from disadvantaged schools: psychological outcomes from the Physical Activity Leaders randomized controlled trial. Pediatric Obesity, 7(3), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00050.x
• Morton, K. L., Atkin, A. J., Corder, K., Suhrcke, M., & Van Sluijs, E. M. F. (2016). The school environment and adolescent physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a mixed‐studies systematic review. Obesity Reviews, 17(2), 142-158. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12352
• Ortabag, T., Ceylan, S., Akyuz, A., & Bebis, H. (2010). The validity and reliability of the exercise benefits/barriers scale for Turkish military nursing students. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation, 32(2), 55-70. https://hdl.handle.net/10520/EJC108928
• Ortabag, T., Ozdemir, S., Bakir, B., & Tosun, N. (2011). Health promotion and risk behaviors among adolescents in Turkey. The Journal of School Nursing, 27(4), 304-315. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059840511408322
• Portela-Pino, I., López-Castedo, A., Martínez-Patiño, M. J., Valverde-Esteve, T., & Domínguez-Alonso, J. (2020). Gender differences in motivation and barriers for the practice of physical exercise in adolescence. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010168 Raosoft Inc. Power and Sample Size Calculation. Accessed Date: 19.09.2022. Available from: http://www.raosoft.com/samplesize.html
• Rauner, A., Mess, F., & Woll, A. (2013). The relationship between physical activity, physical fitness and overweight in adolescents: a systematic review of studies published in or after 2000. BMC Pediatrics, 13, 1-9.
• Rodriguez-Ayllon, M., Cadenas-Sánchez, C., Estévez-López, F., Muñoz, N. E., Mora-Gonzalez, J., Migueles, J. H., ... & Esteban-Cornejo, I. (2019). Role of physical activity and sedentary behavior in the mental health of preschoolers, children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 49(9), 1383-1410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01099-5
• Rosselli, M., Ermini, E., Tosi, B., Boddi, M., Stefani, L., Toncelli, L., & Modesti, P. A. (2020). Gender differences in barriers to physical activity among adolescents. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 30(9), 1582-1589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.005
• Roth, M., & Stamatakis, E. (2010). Linking young people’s knowledge of public health guidelines to physical activity levels in England. Pediatric Exercise Science, 22(3), 467-476. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.22.3.467
• Sechrist, K. R., Walker, S. N., & Pender, N. J. (1987). Development and psychometric evaluation of the exercise benefits/barriers scale. Research in Nursing & Health, 10(6), 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770100603 Victor, J. F., Ximenes, L. B., & Almeida, P. C. D. (2012). Reliability and validity of the Exercise Benefits/Barriers scale in the elderly. Acta Paulista de eEnfermagem, 25, 48-53. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-21002012000800008
• World Health Organization (WHOa). (2022) An analysis of national approaches to promoting physical activity and sports in children and adolescents. Last Accessed Date: 19.09.2022. Available from: http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/119295/HEPA_children_analysis_report.pdf
• World Health Organization (WHOb). (2022) Global recommendations on physical activity for health. Last Accessed Date: 19.09.2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241599979