The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges

Tengku Sarina Aini Tengku Kasim; Atifah Ahmad Yusoff; Sulmi Badar; Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif; Khadijah Mohd Khambali @ Hambali; Amiratul Najihah Jumaat Ali

doi:10.17335/sakaifd.1798527

TR EN

Abstract

Birlik Gücü Eğitim Programları: Malezya Ortaokullarında Tesamuh Uygulamasının Değerlendirilmesi ve Karşılaşılan Zorluklar

Abstract

Bu makale, Malezya’daki ortaöğretim düzeyindeki çok kültürlülükle ilgili eğitim programlarının güçlü yönlerini ve bu programların daha uyumlu ve kapsayıcı bir MADANI toplumunun şekillendirilmesindeki rolünü analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Arapça madaniyyah kelimesinden türetilen MADANI terimi; medeni, uygarlığa dayalı ve değerlere odaklanan bir toplumu ifade etmektedir. Etnik gruplar arasında hoşgörü ve kabulü vurgulayan tesamuh kavramı, Malezya’nın çok etnikli toplumunda birliği güçlendirme çabalarının merkezinde yer almaktadır. Bu çalışma, ulusal müfredata birlikle ilgi değerleri entegre eden eğitim programlarının, çok etnikli katılımı içeren müfredat dışı etkinliklerin ve okullarda yürütülen birlik kampanyalarının güçlü yönlerini vurgulamaktadır. Fakat çalışma, müfredat tasarımındaki sınırlamalar, müfredat dışı etkinliklerin uygulanması ve etnik çeşitliliği ele alan programların kapsamı gibi iyileştirilmesi gereken alanları da belirlemektedir. Birlik değerlerinin etkili bir şekilde öğretilmesinde de zorluklar bulunmaktadır. Bu analiz aracılığıyla, eğitim programlarını güçlendirmek için kültürel çeşitlilikle ilgili müfredat içeriğinin geliştirilmesi, öğretmen eğitimlerinin artırılması ve ebeveynler ile toplum katılımının genişletilmesi gibi çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, MADANI çerçevesi kapsamında kapsayıcı ve birlik odaklı eğitimin değerlendirilmesi ve iyileştirilmesine rehberlik etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Çok Kültürlü Eğitim, Tesamuh, Birlik Eğitimi, Malezya

The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges

Abstract

This article aims to analyze the key strengths and limitations of secondary-level education programs related to multiculturalism in Malaysia, and their role in shaping a more harmonious and inclusive MADANI society. The term MADANI, derived from the Arabic word madaniyyah, refers to a civil, civilized, and values-based society. The concept of tasamuh, which emphasizes tolerance and acceptance among ethnic groups, is examined as a central ethical principle in efforts to strengthen unity within Malaysia’s multiethnic society. This study highlights the strengths of education programs that integrate unity-related values into the national curriculum, as well as co-curricular activities that involve multiethnic participation and unity campaigns conducted in schools. However, the study also identifies areas requiring further development, including limitations in curriculum design, co-curricular implementation, and the depth and scope of programs addressing ethnic diversity. Challenges also exist in the effective teaching and practical translation of unity values. Through this analysis, several recommendations are proposed to strengthen education programs, such as enhancing curriculum content on cultural diversity, increasing teacher training, and broadening the involvement of parents and the community. The findings of this study are intended to serve as a guide for evaluating and improving inclusive and unity-oriented education within the MADANI framework.

Keywords

Multicultural Education, Tasamuh, Unity Education, Malaysia

Supporting Institution

The Ministry of Education Malaysia

Project Number

Universiti Malaya UM Global Transformation Research Grant 2024 (UMGTR00005D-2024)

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined by the Ministry of Education Malaysia and the institutional research ethics policies governing educational and social research. The research primarily involved document analysis of publicly available materials, including national curriculum frameworks, educational policies, and ministry-issued documents. The study did not involve any form of experimental intervention, and no harm or risk was posed to participants. All data were analyzed and presented with full respect to intellectual property, cultural sensitivity, and academic integrity. Ethical approval for the study was granted by the relevant university research ethics committee prior to data collection.

Thanks

This research was supported by the Universiti Malaya (UM) Global Transformation Research Grant 2024 and the Ministry of Education Malaysia. The authors would like to express their gratitude for the funding and institutional support that made this study possible.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Religious Education

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Tengku Sarina Aini Tengku Kasim ^*
0000-0003-4382-9428
Malaysia

Atifah Ahmad Yusoff
0009-0005-9721-4850
Malaysia

Sulmi Badar
0000-0001-6731-1514
Malaysia

Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif
0000-0002-2591-6088
Malaysia

Khadijah Mohd Khambali @ Hambali
0000-0002-5445-1929
Malaysia

Amiratul Najihah Jumaat Ali
0009-0006-9832-9294
Malaysia

Early Pub Date

April 9, 2026

Publication Date

-

Submission Date

October 10, 2025

Acceptance Date

January 23, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Number: Advanced Online Publication

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.1798527

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA24DW62PG

APA

Tengku Kasim, T. S. A., Yusoff, A. A., Badar, S., Mohd Razif, N. F., Mohd Khambali @ Hambali, K., & Jumaat Ali, A. N. (2026). The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, Advanced Online Publication, 122-141. https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.1798527

AMA

1.Tengku Kasim TSA, Yusoff AA, Badar S, Mohd Razif NF, Mohd Khambali @ Hambali K, Jumaat Ali AN. The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;(Advanced Online Publication):122-141. doi:10.17335/sakaifd.1798527

Chicago

Tengku Kasim, Tengku Sarina Aini, Atifah Ahmad Yusoff, Sulmi Badar, Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif, Khadijah Mohd Khambali @ Hambali, and Amiratul Najihah Jumaat Ali. 2026. “The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication: 122-41. https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.1798527.

EndNote

Tengku Kasim TSA, Yusoff AA, Badar S, Mohd Razif NF, Mohd Khambali @ Hambali K, Jumaat Ali AN (April 1, 2026) The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi Advanced Online Publication 122–141.

IEEE

[1]T. S. A. Tengku Kasim, A. A. Yusoff, S. Badar, N. F. Mohd Razif, K. Mohd Khambali @ Hambali, and A. N. Jumaat Ali, “The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges”, Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication, pp. 122–141, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.17335/sakaifd.1798527.

ISNAD

Tengku Kasim, Tengku Sarina Aini - Yusoff, Atifah Ahmad - Badar, Sulmi - Mohd Razif, Nor Fahimah - Mohd Khambali @ Hambali, Khadijah - Jumaat Ali, Amiratul Najihah. “The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. Advanced Online Publication (April 1, 2026): 122-141. https://doi.org/10.17335/sakaifd.1798527.

JAMA

1.Tengku Kasim TSA, Yusoff AA, Badar S, Mohd Razif NF, Mohd Khambali @ Hambali K, Jumaat Ali AN. The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026;:122–141.

MLA

Tengku Kasim, Tengku Sarina Aini, et al. “The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges”. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, no. Advanced Online Publication, Apr. 2026, pp. 122-41, doi:10.17335/sakaifd.1798527.

Vancouver

1.Tengku Sarina Aini Tengku Kasim, Atifah Ahmad Yusoff, Sulmi Badar, Nor Fahimah Mohd Razif, Khadijah Mohd Khambali @ Hambali, Amiratul Najihah Jumaat Ali. The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges. Sakarya Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi. 2026 Apr. 1;(Advanced Online Publication):122-41. doi:10.17335/sakaifd.1798527

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

SAUIFD accepts the Open Access Journal Policy for expanding and flourishing of knowledge.

Abstract

Birlik Gücü Eğitim Programları: Malezya Ortaokullarında Tesamuh Uygulamasının Değerlendirilmesi ve Karşılaşılan Zorluklar

Abstract

Keywords

The Strength of Unity Education Programs: Evaluating the Implementation of Tasamuh in Malaysian Secondary Schools and Its Challenges

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Ethical Statement

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Early Pub Date

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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