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JEOGLİFLERDEN ARAZİ SANATINA: ARAZİ SANATININ KAVRAMSAL YAPISINA YÖNELİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 368 - 386, 12.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.1403721

Öz

Günümüzde Arazi Sanatının (Land Art) kökeni olarak jeoglifler gösteriliyor olsa da biçimsel açıdan birbirine
benzeyen bu formların anlamsal açıdan farklı sosyokültürel süreçlere işaret ettiği söylenebilir. Bu araştırmayı
önemli kılan noktaların başında, Arazi Sanatının kavramsal yapısına yönelik yapılan değerlendirmelerde
arazi sanatçılarının çoğunun biçimlendirdiği sanatsal formların oluşum sürecinde jeogliflerin yoğun etkileri
tespit edilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Peru’daki Nazca çizgilerinin etkileyici formları arazi sanatçılarının dikkatini
çekmiştir. Nazca çizgilerinin yapılış gerekçelerine yönelik farklı hipotezler ortaya konsa da Arazi Sanatı ile en
önemli benzerlik noktası olarak sanat-doğa etkileşimi gösterilebilir. Doğa-insan etkileşiminin sanat ile olan
bağlantılarının; geniş arazilerin düzlüklerinde, tepelerde, eğimli alanlarda, deniz ve göllerin üzerinde doğanın
potansiyelini kullanan sanatçılar çok sayıda eser üretmişlerdir. Üretilen bu eserlerin hem biçimselliklerinin
hem de kavramsal yapılarının incelendiği bu çalışma, aynı zamanda jeoglifler ile Arazi Sanatı arasındaki
bağlantıların ortaya çıkartılması açısından önemli görülmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı, jeogliflerin
düşünsel temellerini ortaya koyarak bu formların 1960 sonrası ortaya çıkan Arazi Sanatı ile olan eklektik
yapısına yönelik bir değerlendirme yapmaktır. Bu araştırmada; Arazi Sanatının önemli temsilcileri arasında
gösterilen Robert Smithson’ın ‘Spiral Jetty (Sarmal Dalgakıran)’, (1970) ve Robert Morris’in ‘Observatory
(Gözlemevi)’, (1971-77) isimli çalışmalarının jeoglifler ile olan benzer ve farklı yönlerine değinilerek, Arazi
Sanatının kavramsal yapısına yönelik bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan bilgi ve belgelere
literatür taraması ile ulaşılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Amizlev, Iris. (1999). Land Art: Layers of Memory the Use of Prehistoric References in Land Art, Université de Montréal Departrnent d’Anthropologie Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Philosophiae Doctor (Ph. D), Canada.
  • Beardsley, John. (1982). Traditional Aspects of New Land Art, Art Journal, Autumn, 1982, Vol. 42, No. 3, Earthworks: Past and Present, s. 226-232. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/776583 Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2022).
  • Berger, Maurice. (1988). The Politics of Experience: Robert Morris, Minimalism, and the 1960s, Ph.D., Graduate Center, City University of New York. (Kaynak: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1646 Erişim Tarihi: 16.09.2022).
  • Campagnolo, Kathleen Merrill. (2008). Spiral Jetty Through the Camera's Eye, Archives of American Art Journal, 2008, Vol. 47, No. 1/2, s. 16-23. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25435144 Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2022).
  • Chianese, Robert Louis. (2013). How Green is Earth Art?: Spiral Jetty, American Scientist, January-February 2013, Vol. 101, No. 1, s. 20-21. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43707665 Erişim Tarihi: 14.03.2022)
  • Cooke, Lynne. (1994). Michael Heizer. New York, The Burlington Magazine, Sep., 1994, Vol. 136, No. 1098, s. 648. (Kaynak: https:// www.jstor.org/stable/886192 Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2022).
  • Curry, Andrew. (2007). Digging into a Desert Mystery, American Association for the Advancement of Science, New Series, Vol. 317, No. 5837, s. 446-447. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20037425 Erişim Tarihi: 14.03.2022).
  • Elmaleh, Éliane. (2002). La terre comme substance ou le “Land Art”, Revue française d'études américaines, Septembre 2002, No. 93, s. 65-77. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20874860 Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • England, Elizabeth. (2017). The Archive of Place and Land Art as Archive: A Case Study of “Spiral Jetty”, The American Archivist, Vol. 80, No. 2, s. 336-354. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/44784344 Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • Fitzgerald, Farrar. (2017). Nature Versus Culture: Lower Manhattan Land Art by Charles Simonds, Walter De Maria, and Alan Sonfist, Master of Arts of the City College of the City University of New York. (Kaynak: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/689/ Erişim Tarihi: 07.05.2022).
  • Grande, John K. (2018). Dennis Oppenheim-Ecstasy … Body, Land, Art …, CSPA Quarterly, No. 20, SELF-CARE, s. 59-69. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/90023983 Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • Grün, Armin; Bär, Simon; Beutner, Sabine. (2000). Signals in the Sand: 3-D Recording and Visualization of the Nasca Geoglyphs, Int. Arch. of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 33, Part 5/1, s. 53-61. (Kaynak: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005717579, https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/150854 Erişim Tarihi: 06.04.2022).
  • Hall, Carol. (1983). Environmental Artists: Sources and Directions, s. 8-59, Art in the Land-A Critical Anthology of Environmental Art, Ed. Alan Sonfist. E.P. Dutton Inc., New York.
  • Klokoenik, Jaroslav; Vitek, Frantisek; Klokoenikova, Zuzana; Rodriguez R., Aurelio. (2002). Los Geoglıfos De Nazca, Perú, BIRA 29 (Lima): l3-29. Kaynak: http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/bitstream/handle/123456789/114041/9916-Texto%20del%20art%C3%ADculo-39247-1-10-20140802.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2022).
  • Krauss, Rosalind E.. (1997). Passages in Modern Sculpture, The Viking Press New York.
  • Krauss, Rosalind. (1994). The Mind/Body Problem: Robert Morris in Series, s. 2-17, Robert Morris: The Mind/Body Problem, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Guggenheim Museum Soho January-April 1994, New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation.
  • Mailland, Federico. (2012). Geoglyphs: Origin and Meaning, Colloquio UISPP – CISNEP, Capo di Ponte, Valcamonica, 22-24June 2012, s. 149-154, The Intellectual and Spiritual Expressions of Non-Literate Peoples, (Kaynak: https://www.academia.edu/10341277/Geoglyphs_origin_and_meaning Erişim Tarihi: 17.04.2022).
  • Mcdonough, Michael. (1983). Architecture’s Unnoticed Avant-Garde (Taking a Second Look at Art in the Environment), s. 233-252,Art in the Land-A Critical Anthology Of Environmental Art, Ed. Alan Sonfist. E.P. Dutton Inc., New York.
  • Nisbet, James. (2017). Contemporary Environmental Art, s. 301-312, The Routledge Companion To The Environmental Humanities, Ed.: Ursula K. Heise, Jon Christensen, and Michelle Niemann, Routledge: New York.
  • Oakley, Ruth. (2016). One Gigantic Gallery: Land Art In Australia, The Gardens Trust, Garden History, Vol. 44, No. 2, s. 159-170. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/44987899 Erişim Tarihi: 14.04.2022).
  • Paice, Kimberly. (1994). Catalogue, s. 89-301, Observatory, 1971-77, Robert Morris: The Mind/Body Problem, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Guggenheim Museum Soho January-April 1994, New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation.
  • Phillpot, Clive. (1987). Richard Long’s Books & The Transmission Of Sculptural Images, The Print Collector’s Newsletter, September– October 1987, Vol. 18, No. 4, s. 125-128. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/24553315 Erişim Tarihi: 21.04.2022).
  • Raquejo, Tonia. (2008). Land Art, Madrid, Nerea.
  • Rosenthal, Mark. (1983). Some Attitudes of Earth Art: From Competition to Adoration, s. 60-72, Art in the Land-A Critical Anthology Of Environmental Art, Ed. Alan Sonfist. E.P. Dutton Inc., New York.
  • Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina. (2013). Maria Reiche’s Line to Archaeoastronomy, Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies, 1(2), s. 48-54. (Kaynak: http://aaatec.org/documents/article/sak2.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2022).
  • Valenzuela, Daniela ve Clarkson, Persis B. (2018). Geoglyphs, Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 2nd Edition, pp.1-13, Publisher: Springer, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_1625-2 (Kaynak: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-51726-1_1625-2 Erişim Tarihi: 08.04.2022).

FROM GEOGLYPHS TO LAND ART: AN ASSESSMENT ON THE CONCEPTUAL STRUCTURE OF LAND ART

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 368 - 386, 12.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.1403721

Öz

Although geoglyphs are shown as the origin of Land Art today, it can be said that these stylistically similar
forms point to semantically different sociocultural processes. At the beginning of the points that make this
research important, the intense effects of geoglyphs in the formation process of the artistic forms shaped
by most of the land artists were determined in the evaluations made on the conceptual structure of Land
Art. In this context, the expressive forms of the Nazca lines in Peru attracted the attention of land artists.
Although different hypotheses have been put forward for the reasons for the construction of the Nazca lines,
the most important point of similarity with Land Art is the interaction of art and nature. The connections of
nature-human interaction with art; on the plains of large lands, on hills, on sloping areas, over seas and lakes,
artists have produced many works for the potential of nature. This study, which examines both the formality
and conceptual structures of these produced works, is also considered important in terms of revealing the
connections between geoglyphs and Land Art. The aim of this research is to reveal the intellectual foundations
of the geoglyphs and to assess the eclectic structure of these forms with the Land Art that emerged after
1960. In this study; Mentioning the similar and different aspects of Robert Smithson's 'Spiral Jetty' (1970)
and Robert Morris's 'Observatory' (1971-77), which are among the important representatives of Land Art,
with geoglyphs, an evaluation has been made of the conceptual structure of Land Art. The information and
documents used in the research were reached by literature review

Kaynakça

  • Amizlev, Iris. (1999). Land Art: Layers of Memory the Use of Prehistoric References in Land Art, Université de Montréal Departrnent d’Anthropologie Faculté des Arts et des Sciences, Philosophiae Doctor (Ph. D), Canada.
  • Beardsley, John. (1982). Traditional Aspects of New Land Art, Art Journal, Autumn, 1982, Vol. 42, No. 3, Earthworks: Past and Present, s. 226-232. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/776583 Erişim Tarihi: 20.02.2022).
  • Berger, Maurice. (1988). The Politics of Experience: Robert Morris, Minimalism, and the 1960s, Ph.D., Graduate Center, City University of New York. (Kaynak: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1646 Erişim Tarihi: 16.09.2022).
  • Campagnolo, Kathleen Merrill. (2008). Spiral Jetty Through the Camera's Eye, Archives of American Art Journal, 2008, Vol. 47, No. 1/2, s. 16-23. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/25435144 Erişim Tarihi: 16.03.2022).
  • Chianese, Robert Louis. (2013). How Green is Earth Art?: Spiral Jetty, American Scientist, January-February 2013, Vol. 101, No. 1, s. 20-21. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/43707665 Erişim Tarihi: 14.03.2022)
  • Cooke, Lynne. (1994). Michael Heizer. New York, The Burlington Magazine, Sep., 1994, Vol. 136, No. 1098, s. 648. (Kaynak: https:// www.jstor.org/stable/886192 Erişim Tarihi: 20.03.2022).
  • Curry, Andrew. (2007). Digging into a Desert Mystery, American Association for the Advancement of Science, New Series, Vol. 317, No. 5837, s. 446-447. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20037425 Erişim Tarihi: 14.03.2022).
  • Elmaleh, Éliane. (2002). La terre comme substance ou le “Land Art”, Revue française d'études américaines, Septembre 2002, No. 93, s. 65-77. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20874860 Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • England, Elizabeth. (2017). The Archive of Place and Land Art as Archive: A Case Study of “Spiral Jetty”, The American Archivist, Vol. 80, No. 2, s. 336-354. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/44784344 Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • Fitzgerald, Farrar. (2017). Nature Versus Culture: Lower Manhattan Land Art by Charles Simonds, Walter De Maria, and Alan Sonfist, Master of Arts of the City College of the City University of New York. (Kaynak: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/689/ Erişim Tarihi: 07.05.2022).
  • Grande, John K. (2018). Dennis Oppenheim-Ecstasy … Body, Land, Art …, CSPA Quarterly, No. 20, SELF-CARE, s. 59-69. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/90023983 Erişim Tarihi: 21.03.2022).
  • Grün, Armin; Bär, Simon; Beutner, Sabine. (2000). Signals in the Sand: 3-D Recording and Visualization of the Nasca Geoglyphs, Int. Arch. of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, Vol. 33, Part 5/1, s. 53-61. (Kaynak: https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-005717579, https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/150854 Erişim Tarihi: 06.04.2022).
  • Hall, Carol. (1983). Environmental Artists: Sources and Directions, s. 8-59, Art in the Land-A Critical Anthology of Environmental Art, Ed. Alan Sonfist. E.P. Dutton Inc., New York.
  • Klokoenik, Jaroslav; Vitek, Frantisek; Klokoenikova, Zuzana; Rodriguez R., Aurelio. (2002). Los Geoglıfos De Nazca, Perú, BIRA 29 (Lima): l3-29. Kaynak: http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/bitstream/handle/123456789/114041/9916-Texto%20del%20art%C3%ADculo-39247-1-10-20140802.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2022).
  • Krauss, Rosalind E.. (1997). Passages in Modern Sculpture, The Viking Press New York.
  • Krauss, Rosalind. (1994). The Mind/Body Problem: Robert Morris in Series, s. 2-17, Robert Morris: The Mind/Body Problem, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Guggenheim Museum Soho January-April 1994, New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation.
  • Mailland, Federico. (2012). Geoglyphs: Origin and Meaning, Colloquio UISPP – CISNEP, Capo di Ponte, Valcamonica, 22-24June 2012, s. 149-154, The Intellectual and Spiritual Expressions of Non-Literate Peoples, (Kaynak: https://www.academia.edu/10341277/Geoglyphs_origin_and_meaning Erişim Tarihi: 17.04.2022).
  • Mcdonough, Michael. (1983). Architecture’s Unnoticed Avant-Garde (Taking a Second Look at Art in the Environment), s. 233-252,Art in the Land-A Critical Anthology Of Environmental Art, Ed. Alan Sonfist. E.P. Dutton Inc., New York.
  • Nisbet, James. (2017). Contemporary Environmental Art, s. 301-312, The Routledge Companion To The Environmental Humanities, Ed.: Ursula K. Heise, Jon Christensen, and Michelle Niemann, Routledge: New York.
  • Oakley, Ruth. (2016). One Gigantic Gallery: Land Art In Australia, The Gardens Trust, Garden History, Vol. 44, No. 2, s. 159-170. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/44987899 Erişim Tarihi: 14.04.2022).
  • Paice, Kimberly. (1994). Catalogue, s. 89-301, Observatory, 1971-77, Robert Morris: The Mind/Body Problem, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Guggenheim Museum Soho January-April 1994, New York: Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation.
  • Phillpot, Clive. (1987). Richard Long’s Books & The Transmission Of Sculptural Images, The Print Collector’s Newsletter, September– October 1987, Vol. 18, No. 4, s. 125-128. (Kaynak: https://www.jstor.org/stable/24553315 Erişim Tarihi: 21.04.2022).
  • Raquejo, Tonia. (2008). Land Art, Madrid, Nerea.
  • Rosenthal, Mark. (1983). Some Attitudes of Earth Art: From Competition to Adoration, s. 60-72, Art in the Land-A Critical Anthology Of Environmental Art, Ed. Alan Sonfist. E.P. Dutton Inc., New York.
  • Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina. (2013). Maria Reiche’s Line to Archaeoastronomy, Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies, 1(2), s. 48-54. (Kaynak: http://aaatec.org/documents/article/sak2.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 05.06.2022).
  • Valenzuela, Daniela ve Clarkson, Persis B. (2018). Geoglyphs, Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, 2nd Edition, pp.1-13, Publisher: Springer, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-51726-1_1625-2 (Kaynak: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-3-319-51726-1_1625-2 Erişim Tarihi: 08.04.2022).
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Çevresel Sanat
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mehmet Susuz Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-6318-5036

Mustafa Kınık 0000-0002-7280-8370

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Susuz, M., & Kınık, M. (2023). JEOGLİFLERDEN ARAZİ SANATINA: ARAZİ SANATININ KAVRAMSAL YAPISINA YÖNELİK BİR DEĞERLENDİRME. Sanat Ve Tasarım Dergisi, 13(2), 368-386. https://doi.org/10.20488/sanattasarim.1403721