MEASURING THE LEVEL OF DIGITAL MATURITY OF ORGANIZATIONS – A SCALE DEVELOPMENT STUDY

Year 2023, , 1 - 21, 12.01.2023

Hüseyin Kayabaşı , Murat Kasımoğlu

https://doi.org/10.55050/sarad.1139482

Cited By: 1

Abstract

The aim of this study is to develop a digital maturity scale to measure the digital maturity level of organizations. In the article, the analysis of the concept of digitalization and the development of a digital maturity scale are presented. The pool of 200 items created was reduced to 40 questions as a result of expert opinion and evaluations, and the pilot study was made with 112 people. After the study, the scale consisting of 38 items and 6 dimensions (strategy, organizational structure, organizational culture and talent, digital competencies of employees, processes and technological infrastructure) was directed to 355 participants for the basic research. Reliability and validity analyzes were performed with SPSS 26.0, normality distribution and extreme value analysis. Finally, structural equation model analysis was performed in AMOS 24.0 program. The analyzes of the digital maturity scale development study were positive. It is thought that the positive results of the study will make a significant contribution to the literature.

Keywords

digitalization, digital maturity scale, technology, organization structure

ÖRGÜTLERİN DİJİTAL OLGUNLUK DÜZEYİNİN ÖLÇÜLMESİ – BİR ÖLÇEK GELİŞTİRME ÇALIŞMASI

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı örgütlerin dijital olgunluk düzeyini ölçmek için bir dijital olgunluk ölçeği geliştirmektir. Makalede dijitalleşme kavramının analizi ile dijital olgunluk ölçeği geliştirme çalışması aktarılmaktadır. Oluşturulan 200 maddelik soru havuzu uzman görüşü ve değerlendirmeler sonucu 40 soru maddesine düşürülmüş ve pilot uygulama 112 kişiyle yapılmıştır. Pilot uygulama sonrası 38 madde ve 6 boyuttan (strateji, örgüt yapısı, örgüt kültürü ve yetenek, çalışanların dijital yetkinlikleri, süreçler ve teknolojik altyapı) oluşan ölçek temel araştırma için 355 katılımcıya yöneltilmiştir. SPSS 26.0 ile normallik dağılımı ve uç değer analizi ile güvenirlik ve geçerlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Son olarak AMOS 24.0 programında yapısal eşitlik modeli analizi yapılmıştır. Dijital olgunluk ölçeği geliştirme çalışması analizleri pozitif çıkmıştır. Çalışmanın olumlu sonuçlarının literatüre önemli katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

dijitalleşme, dijital olgunluk ölçeği, örgüt yapısı, teknoloji, Dijital Olgunluk Ölçeği

References

• Aagaard, A. (2019, Ekim 15). Digital Business Development. Ekim 15, 2020 tarihinde Digital Business Development: https://dbd.au.dk/dmat/ adresinden alındı.
• Alcácer, V., & Cruz-Machado, V. (2019, 6 1). Scanning the Industry 4.0: A Literature Review on Technologies for Manufacturing Systems. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 22(3), 899–919.
• Alwiser.com. (2020, Kasım 13). Kasım 13, 2020 tarihinde Alwiser Digital Transformation: https://alwiser.com/dijitalolgunluk/adresinden alındı.
• Aslanova, I. V., & Kulichkina, A. I. (2020). Digital Maturity: Definition and Model. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, 138, 443-449.
• Atılgan, H., Kan, A., & Aydın, B. (2017). Eğitimde Ölçme ve Değerlendirme (10. Baskı b.). (H. Atılgan, Dü.) Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
• Bankewitz, M., Åberg, C., & Teuchert, C. (2016). Digitalization and Boards of Directors: A New Era of Corporate Governance? Business and Management Research, 5(2), 58-69.
• Basner, B. (2020). The Degree of Digitalization. Proceedings of the Multidisciplinary Academic Conference., (s. 1-6). Prague.
• Berghaus, S. (2020, Kasım 10). Sabine Berghaus. https://sabineberghaus.com: https://sabineberghaus.files.wordpress.com/2018/05/digital-maturity-check_en.pdf adresinden alındı.
• Bhutani, S., & Paliwal, Y. (2015). Digitalization: A Step towards Sustainable Development. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 11-24.
• Brennen, S., & Kreiss, D. (2014, September 8). Digitalization and Digitization. Ekim 23, 2019 tarihinde Culture Digitally: http://culturedigitally.org/2014/09/digitalization-and-digitization/ adresinden alındı.
• Carretero, S., Vuorikari, R., & Punie, Y. (2017). DigComp 2.1: The Digital Competence Framework for Citizens with eight proficiency levels and examples of use. Joint Research Centre (European Commission). Kasım 10, 2020 tarihinde https://apo.org.au/node/221736 adresinden alındı.
• Chudaeva, A. A., Mantulenko, V. V., Zhelev, P., & Vanickova, R. (2019). Impact of Digitalization on the Industrial Enterprises Activities. SHS Web of Conferences, 62, s. 1-5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196203003.
• Cijan , A., Jenič , L., Lamovšek , A., & Stemberger , J. (2019, Mayıs). How Digitalization Changes The Workplace. Dynamic Relationships Management Journal, 8(1). doi:10.17708/DRMJ.2019.v08n01a01 adresinden alındı.
• Coward, C., Wedlake, S., Teltscher, S., & Letamo, H. (2020). Digital Skills Assessment. Geneva: ITUPublications.
• Devellis, R. F. (2017). Ölçek Geliştirme - Kuram ve Uygulamalar (3. Baskı b.). (T. Totan, Çev.) Ankara: Nobel Akademi Yayıncılık. Digital Competence Questionnaire. (2019, Ekim 04). Ekim 04, 2019 tarihinde EUDA Network European Development Agency: https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd4xelwUjrqbjmSFEStwnI1Pp8ZdP6dULg9HZY6uinz7- 7G0w/viewform?fbclid=IwAR1nHxi8MfK3foMT2P1NitArhY0ANAWdmc9izYTxMDNvvA3PqlyF7euBQIs adresinden alındı.
• Digital Competency Assessment. (2020, Kasım 05). Kasım 05, 2020 tarihinde The Riverbed Network and Application Performance Platform: https://www.riverbed.com/dm/survey/digital-competency-assessment.html adresinden alındı.
• Dijck, J., & Poell, T. (2013). Understanding Social Media Logic. Media and Communication, 1(1), 2-14. dijitalolgunluk.izka.org.tr. (2020, Kasım 15). İzmir Kalkınma Ajansı: http://dijitalolgunluk.izka.org.tr/test/Depth1.php adresinden alındı.
• Evci, N., & Aylar, F. (2017, Mart). Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışmalarında Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizinin Kullanımı. Sosyal Blimler Dergisi, 4(10), 389-412.
• Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS (Third Edition b.). London: Sage Publications Ltd.
• Foerster, U., Marquardt, K., Golowko, N., Kompalla, A., & Hell, C. R. (2018). Digital Transformation and its Implications on Organizational Behavior. IBIMA Publishing Journal of EU Research in Business, 1-14.
• Grable, J. E., & Lyon, A. C. (2018). An Introduction to Big Data. Economics & Investment Managament, 72(5), 17-20.
• Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri (Dördüncü Baskı b.). Ankara: Seçkin Akademik ve Mesleki Yayınlar.
• Haenlein, M., & Kaplan, A. (2019). A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence: On the Past, Present, and Future of Artificial. California Management Review, 61(4), 5-14.
• Happ, A. (2019, February 1). MOBILE Technology. China Business Review, 28-42.
• Heavin, C., & Power, D. J. (2018). Challenges for digital transformation – towards a conceptual decision support guide for managers. Journal of Decision Systems, 27(1), 38–45.
• Hemmingsen, G. (2020, Ekim 15). Valcon.com. Valcon.com: https://valcon.com/digital-maturity/ adresinden alındı.
• Hess, T., Matt, C., Benlian, A., & Wiesböck, F. (2016). Options for Formulating a Digital Transformation Strategy. MIS Quarterly Executive, 15(2), 123-139.
• Hoe, S. L. (2020). Digitalization in Practice: The Fifth Discipline Advantage. The Learning Organization, 27(1), 54-64.
• Ilcus, M. A. (2018, October). Impact of Digitalization in Business World. Review of International Comparative Management, 19(4), 350-358.
• İşman, A. (2020, Ocak 02). Bilgisayar ve Eğitim. Ocak 02, 2020 tarihinde Dergipark: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/115511 adresinden alındı.
• Johansson, N., Roth, E., & Reim, W. (2019, 7 1). Smart and Sustainable eMaintenance: Capabilities for Digitalization of Maintenance. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(13).
• Johnston, W. J., Khalil, S., Le, A. N., & Cheng, J. M.-S. (2018). BehavioralImplicationsofInternational Social Media Advertising: An Investigation of Intervening and Contingency Factors. Journal of International Marketing, 26(2), 43–61.
• Kane, G. C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A. N., Kiron, D., & Buckley, N. (2017). Achieving Digital Maturity - Adapting Your Company to a Changing World. 2017 Digital Business Report, MIT SMR and Deloitte. Aralık 30, 2019 tarihinde https://sloanreview.mit.edu/projects/achieving-digital-maturity/ adresinden alındı.
• Khan, S., & Aftab, M. (2015). Digitization And Its Impact On Economy. International Journal of Digital Library Services, 2, 138-149.
• Kim, J. H. (2019). Multicollinearity and misleading statistical results. (Cilt 72). Daegu, Korea: Korean Journal of Anesthesiology. doi:https://doi.org/10.4097/kja.19087.
• Kuusisto, M. (2017). Organizational Effects Of Digitalization: A Literature Review. International Journal Of Organization Theory And Behavior, 20(3), 341-362.
• Lee, M., B., A., & M., A. (2018). Robotics. Nisan 28, 2020 tarihinde Salem Press Encyclopedia of Science: http://ezproxy.ticaret.edu.tr:2071/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ers&AN=89250574&site=eds-live adresinden alındı.
• Lindgrena, I., Madsen, C. Ø., Hofmann, S., & Melina, U. (2019). Close encounters of the digital kind: A research agenda for the digitalization of public services. Government Information Quarterly, 426-437.
• Lukosius, V., & Hyman , M. R. (2018). Marketing Theory And Big Data. The Journal of Developing Areas, 53(4), 217-228.
• Mergel, I., Noella, E., & Haug, N. (2019, October). Defining digital transformation: Results from expert interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 1-16.
• Mindig.nl. (2020, Kasım 12). Kasım 12, 2020 tarihinde Mindig managing digital complexity: https://mindig.nl/scan/ adresinden alındı.
• Murray, L., Nguyen, H., Lee, Y.-F., Remmenga, M. D., & Smith, D. W. (2012). Variance Inflation Factors in Regression Models with Dummy Variables. Conference on Applied Statistics in Agriculture. (s. 160-177). Kansas State University Libraries. doi:https://doi.org/10.4148/2475-7772.1034.
• Özdamar, K. (2016). Eğitim Sağlık ve Davranış Bilimlerinde Ölçek ve Test Geliştirme Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi. Eskişehir: Nisan Kitabevi.
• Paraschiv, A. M., & Danubianu, M. (2019, October). BIG DATA - Present Opportunities and Challenges. BRAIN – Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 10(2), 15-21.
• Parida, V. (2018). Digitalization. J. Frishammar, & Å. Ericson içinde, Addressing Societal Challenges (s. 23-38). Lulea University of Technology.
• Parida, V., Sjödin, D., & Reim, W. (2018). Reviewing Literature on Digitalization, Business Model Innovation, and Sustainable Industry: Past Achievements and Future Promises. MDPI Sustainability, 11(391), 1-18. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020391.
• Pise, V. H. (2019). Cloud Computing - Recent Trends in Information Technology. ANWESH: International Journal of Management & Information Technology, 4(1), 27-29.
• Rachinger, M., Rauter, R., Müller, C., Vorraber, W., & Schirgi, E. (2019). Digitalization and its influence on business model innovation. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 1143-1160.
• Ruiz-Alba, J. L., Guesalaga, R., Ayestarán, R., & Mediano, J. M. (2020). Interfunctional Coordination: The Role of Digitalization. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 35(3), 404-419.
• Rumanyika, J., Apiola, M., Tedre, M., & Mramba, N. (2019). Mobile Technology Usage for Street Traders’ Market Search in Dodoma--Urban Tanzania: An Exploratory Study. African Journal of Information Systems, 11(4), 249–278.
• Sajid, S. (2016). Social Media and Its Role in Marketing. Business and Economics Journal, 7(1), 1-2. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2151-6219.1000203.
• Savić, D. (2019). From Digitization, Through Digitalization, to Digital Transformation. Online Searcher, 43(1), 36-39.
• Schatz, D., Bashroush, R., & Wall, J. (2017). Towards a More Representative Definition of Cyber Security. Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law, 12(2), 53-74.
• Schumacher, A., Sihn, W., & Erol, S. (2016). Automation, digitization and digitalization and their implications for manufacturing processes. Innovation and Sustainability 2016. Bucharest: International scientific Conference Bucharest. Ekim 22, 2019 tarihinde https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Andreas_Schumacher4/publication/318877006_Automation_digitization_and _digitalization_and_their_implications_for_manufacturing_processes/links/5982ed4daca272a370f5a2 4/Automatio n-digitization-and-digitalization-and-thei adresinden alındı.
• Seçer, İ. (2015). SPSS ve LIREL ile Pratik Veri Analizi Analiz Raporlaştırma (2. Baskı b.). Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
• Shahiduzzaman, M., Kowalkiewicz, M., Barrett, R., & McNaughton, M. (2017). Digital Business Towards A Value-Centric Maturity Model Part A-B. Brisbane Qld: QUT PwC Chair in Digital Economy.
• Sultana, A. (2020). Multidimensionality of job performance: An empirical assessment through scale development. Ilkogretim Online - Elementary Education Online, 19(4), 2467-2483. Kasım 20, 2020 tarihinde http://ezproxy.ticaret.edu.tr:2071/login.aspx?direct=true&db=uvt&AN=361705&site=eds-live adresinden alındı.
• Şeker, H., & Gençdoğan, B. (2014). Psikolojide ve Eğitimde Ölçme Aracı Geliştirme (2. Basım b.). Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6. b.). Boston: Pearson. Tchelidze, L. (2019). Potential and Skill Requirements of Artificial Intelligence in Digital Marketing. Quality - Access to Success, 20(3), 73-78.
• Techopedia.com. (2020, Şubat 04). What Does Artificial Intelligence Mean? Techopedia: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/190/artificial-intelligence-ai adresinden alındı.
• Timonen, H., & Vuori, J. (2018). Visibility of Work: How Digitalization Changes the Workplace. Proceedings of the 51st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, (s. 5075-5084). Hawaii.
• Urbach, N., Ahlemann, F., Böhmann, T., Drews, P., Brenner, W., Schaudel, F., & Schütte, R. (2019). The Impact of Digitalization on the IT Department. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 61(1), 123-131.
• Valdez-de-Leon, O. (2016). A Digital Maturity Model for Telecommunications Service Providers. Technology Innovation Management Review, 6(8), 19-32.
• VanBoskirk, S., & Gill, M. (2016). The Digital Maturity Model 4.0: Measure Your Maturity And Develop A Digital Transformation Plan. Cambridge, USA: Forrester Research. Kasım 10, 2020 tarihinde https://forrester.nitrodigital. com/pdf/Forrester-s%20Digital%20Maturity%20Model%204.0.pdf adresinden alındı.
• Vartolomei, V. C., & Avasilcai, S. (2019). Challenges of digitalization process in different industries. Before and after. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 568, s. 1-5. IOP Publishing Ltd. Ocak 09, 2020 tarihinde https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/568/1/012086/pdf adresinden alındı.
• Vuori, V., Helander, N., & Okkonen, J. (2019). Digitalization in knowledge work: the dream of enhanced performance. Cognition, Technology & Work, 21(2), 237–252.
• Wallden, P., & Kashefi, E. (2019, April). Cyber Security in the Quantum Era. Communications of the AC, 62(4), 120-129.
• Wang, K., Xu, Y., Wang, C., Tan, M., & Chen, P.-y. (2019, December 18). A Corrected Goodness-of-Fit Index (CGFI) for Model Evaluation in Structural Equation Modeling. Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal, 1- 15.
• Winden, W., & Carvalho, L. (2017). How digitalization changes cities – innovation for the urban economy of tomorrow. Cities and digitalization, (s. 1-26). Witten.
• Yaşlıoğlu, M. M. (2017). Sosyal Bilimlerde Faktör Analizi ve Geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizlerinin Kullanılması. Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business, 46(Özel Sayı), 74-85.
• Yu, Y., Ray , Q. C., & Dara , S. (2017). Cloud computing and its impact on service level: a multi-agent simulation model. International Journal of Production Research, 55(15), 4341-4353.