Comparison of MCM6 rs4988235 Polymorphism Allele and Genotype Frequencies in Professional Football Players and a Sedentary Control Group

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 5, 1040 - 1046, 25.10.2024

Beste Tacal Aslan , Tolga Polat , Özlem Özge Yılmaz , Aleyna Muhan , Rukiye Ziya , Korkut Ulucan

Abstract

This study investigated the minichromosome maintenance 6 (MCM6) rs4988235 polymorphism in professional football players, comparing genotype and allele frequencies with a sedentary control group. The control group comprised 64 participants with no history of athletic activity, while the athlete group included 20 football players. DNA extraction from blood samples was performed using a PureLink DNA isolation kit, following the manufacturer's instructions. Real-Time PCR was employed to analyze the MCM6 rs4988235 polymorphism in the isolated DNA. Statistical analysis of the acquired data was conducted using chi-square analysis via IBM SPSS 21.0 software (IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The CC genotype was absent in all football players. Conversely, CT (10%) and TT (90%) genotypes were identified in 2 and 18 individuals, respectively. In the control group, the distribution of genotypes was as follows: CC (0%), CT (17, 26.6%), and TT (47, 73.4%). The C allele frequency was 5% (2 individuals) in football players and 13.28% (17 individuals) in the control group. The T allele frequency was 95% (38 individuals) in football players and 86.72% (111 individuals) in the control group. No statistically significant differences were observed between the football players and the control group regarding genotype (p = 0.122) or allele frequencies (p = 0.149).

Keywords

MCM6, Lactose, SNP, Football, Genetic

References

• S. Suri, V. Kumar, R. Prased, B. Tanwar, A. Goyal, Y. Kaur, Y. Gat, A. Kumar, J. Kaur, D. Singh, "Considerations for development of lactose-free food", Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism, vol. 15, p. 27-34, 2019.
• T. Kleinbielen, L. Palencia-Madrid, C. Garcia-Ibarbia, F. Ortiz, J. A. Riancho, M. M. de Pancorbo, "Association of LCT-13910C>T polymorphism and hip fracture in a cohort of older adult population from Northern Spain", Gene, vol. 783, p. 145560, 2021.
• S. B. Matthews, J. P. Waud, A. G. Roberts, A. K. Campbell, "Systemic lactose intolerance: A new perspective on an old problem", Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol. 81, 953, pp. 167-173, 2005.
• M. B. Heyman, "Lactose intolerance in infants, children, and adolescents", Pediatrics, vol. 118, 3, pp. 1279-1286, 2006.
• S. A. Tishkoff, F. A. Reed, A. Ranciaro, B. F. Voight, B. C. C. Babbitt, J. S. Silverman, K. Powell, H. M. Mortensen, J. B. Hirbo, M. Osman, M. Ibrahim, S. A. Omar, G. Lema, T. B. Nyambo, J. Ghori, S. Bumpstead, J. K. Pritchard, G. A. Wray, P. Deloukas, "Convergent adaptation of human lactase persistence in Africa and Europe", Nature Genetics, vol. 39, 1, pp. 31-40, 2007.
• M. C. E. Lomer, G. C. Parkes, J. D. Sanderson, "Review article: Lactose intolerance in clinical practice – myths and realities", Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol. 27, 2, pp. 93-103, 2008.
• P. P. Apostol, M. Cristea, M. Ivan, M. Pelin, "Testing The Mcm6 13910-C/T And 22018-G/A Polymorphisms In Samples From Three Different Populations", Journal of Hygienic Engineering and Design, vol. 37, 2021.
• E. L. Chin, L. Huang, Y. Y. Bouzid, C. P. Kirschke, B. Durbin-Johnson, L. M. Baldiviez, E. L. Bonnel, N. L. Keim, I. Korf, C. B. Stephensen, D. G. Lemay, "Association of lactase persistence genotypes (rs4988235) and ethnicity with dairy intake in a healthy US population", Nutrients, vol. 11, 8, p. 1860, 2019.
• M. A. Arroyo, A. C. P. Lopes, V. B. Piatto, J. V. Maniglia, "Perspectives for Early Genetic Screening of Lactose Intolerance: -13910C/T Polymorphism Tracing in the MCM6 Gene", Open Biology, vol. 3, pp. 66-71, 2010.
• C. J. Ingram, C. A. Mulcare, Y. Itan, M. G. Thomas, D. M. Swallow, "Lactose digestion and the evolutionary genetics of lactase persistence", Human Genetics, vol. 124, pp. 579-591, 2009.
• L. C. Olds, E. Sibley, "Lactase persistence DNA variant enhances lactase promoter activity in vitro: functional role as a cis regulatory element", Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 12, 18, pp. 2333-2340, 2003.
• O. Alharbi, A. El-Sohemy, "Lactose intolerance (LCT-13910C>T) genotype is associated with plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Caucasians: a Mendelian randomization study", The Journal of Nutrition, vol. 147, 6, pp. 1063-1069, 2017.
• R. H. Lewinsky, T. G. Jensen, J. Møller, A. Stensballe, J. Olsen, J. T. Troelsen, "T- 13910 DNA variant associated with lactase persistence interacts with Oct-1 and stimulates lactase promoter activity in vitro", Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 14, 24, pp. 3945-3953, 2005.
• B. F. Eken, H. Gezmiş, C. Sercan, S. Kapıcı, Ö. M. Chousein, D. Kıraç, S. Akyüz, K. Ulucan, "Analysis of Vitamin D Receptor Gene Fok1 (Rs2228570) and Bsm1 (Rs1544410) Polymorphisms in Turkish Athletes", Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences, 6, pp. 561-572, 2018.
• K. Ulucan, S. Yalcin, B. Akbas, F. Uyumaz, M. Konuk, "Analysis of Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4 Gene promoter polymorphism in young Turkish basketball players", The Journal of Neurobehavioral Sciences, 1, 2, 2014.
• N. S. Guest, J. Horne, S. M. Vanderhout, A. El-Sohemy, "Sport nutrigenomics: personalized nutrition for athletic performance", Frontiers in Nutrition, vol. 6, p. 8, 2019.
• P. Ridefelt, L. D. Håkansson, "Lactose intolerance: lactose tolerance testing versus genotyping", Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 40, 7, pp. 822-826, 2005.
• M. Raz, Y. Sharon, B. Yerushalmi, R. Birk, "Frequency of LCT-13910C/T and LCT-22018G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with adult-type hypolactasia/lactase persistence among Israelis of different ethnic groups", Gene, vol. 519, 1, pp. 67-70, 2013.
• Raz, M., Sharon, Y., Yerushalmi, B., & Birk, R. (2013). Frequency of LCT-13910C/T and LCT-22018G/A single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with adult-type hypolactasia/lactase persistence among Israelis of different ethnic groups. Gene, 519(1), 67–70.
• T. Płoszaj, K. Jędrychowska-Dańska, H. Witas, "Frequency of lactase persistence genotype in a healthy Polish population," Open Life Sciences, vol. 6, 2, pp. 176-179, 2011.