Enerji etiği: karar alma perspektifi

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 209 - 213, 31.12.2021

Semra Aşçıgil , Mahmut Burak Atasever , Uğur Soytaş

https://doi.org/10.47542/sauied.913674

Abstract

Enerji; günümüz endüstriyel, ekonomik, politik ve kültürel ilişkilerinin en önemli konularından biridir. Enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı ve bunların transferleri, hem kamu hem de özel sektörün büyüme stratejilerinin gelişmesiyle sıkı sıkıya bağlıdır. Ancak, yaşadığımız evrenle ve içindekilerle yakın ilişkilerimizi şekillendiren etik arka plan, sektör pratiklerinde yeterince göz önünde bulundurulmamaktadır. Mevcut literatür, enerji meselelerinin etik arka planlarının nasıl değerlendirilmesi gerektiğine ve dahası, enerji kararlarının etik sorunlar ortaya çıkardığı karar alma süreçlerini yeterince ele almamaktadır. Bu sebeple, bu araştırma; etik karar alma süreçlerinin, metodolojik bir izlek takip edilerek, deontolojik ve faydacı etik kuramlar ile bunların enerji alanındaki uygulamalarını analiz etmeye ve anlamaya çalışmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, ekolojik bir sürdürülebilirlik tartışmasının ötesinde, insanın sosyal/politik varlığına ve enerji alanındaki karar alma süreçlerinin deontolojik ve faydacı etik kapsamında ne şekilde ele alınabileceğine odaklanılmıştır. Kararların adaleti, kamuya nasıl iletildiğine odaklanılarak belirlenir.

Keywords

Enerji, Etik, Karar-Alma, Deontoloji, Faydacılık

Energy ethics: a decision making perspective

Abstract

Energy is one of the critical issues of contemporary industrial, economic, political, and cultural affairs. The use of energy resources and their transfers is strictly shaped by developing the growth strategies of both the public and private sectors. However, the ethical background, which shapes our intimate relations with this universe and its things, is not adequately considered. Most literature on energy research addresses neither how the moral grounds of energy decisions work nor the energy decision-making processes giving rise to ethical problems. For this reason, this research aims to analyze and understand the relationship between deontological and utilitarian theories of ethics and their applications in the decision-making processes of the energy field in a methodological way in which a developed method of ethical decision-making process correspondences to the debatable issues of the energy field. Our focus is beyond ecological sustainability, concentrating on human beings’ social/political existence and the effects of decisions with respect to deontological and utilitarian ethics in energy debates. The fairness of decisions is ascertained through a careful focus on how they are publicly communicated.

Keywords

Energy, Ethics, Decision-Making, Deontology, Utilitarianism

References

• Aşcıgil, S. (2001). Ethical Decision-making: Moral Reasoning of Managers. in Current Topics in Management. Eds.: Rahim, A., Golembiewski, R.T. & Mackenzie, K.D. Elsevier Science Ltd., 197-217.
• Bowring, J. (Ed.) (1789). Introduction to the principles of morals and legislation. in The Works of Jeremy Bentham. Edinburg: Willliam Tait, 1838-1843.
• Brennan, A. & Yeuk-Sze, L. (Winter 2016 Edition). Environmental ethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Ed.: Zalta, Edward N. Retrieved from, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2016/entries/ethics-environmental/
• Karaveli, A.B., Soytas, U., & Akinoglu B.G. (2015). Comparison of large-scale solar PV (photovoltaic) and nuclear power plant investments in an emerging market. Energy, 84, 656-665.
• Callicott, J. B. (1984). Non-anthropocentric value theory and environmental ethics. American Philosophical Quarterly, 21(4), 299-309.
• Costanza, R., Kubiszewski, I., Giovannini, E., Lovins, H., McGlade, J., Pickett, K. E., Ragnarsdóttir, K. V., Roberts, D., De Vogli, R. & Wilkinson, R. (2014). Time to leave GDP behind. Nature, 505, 283-285.
• Ediger, V. S., Kirkil, G., Celebi, E., Ucal, M. & Kentmen-Cin, C. (2018).Turkish public preferences for energy. Energy Policy, 120, 492-502.
• Fieser, J. (n.d.). Ethics. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Retrieved from, https://www.iep.utm.edu/ethics/
• Hare, R. (1981). The philosophical basis of psychiatric ethics. Psychiatric Ethics, 31-45. Editors: Bloch, S & Chodoff, P. Imster, E. (2015, May 6). Atmospheric carbon dioxide hits record high. EarthSky. Retrieved from, http://earthsky.org/earth/global-carbon-dioxide-reaches-new-monthly-level
• Jackson, T. (2009). Prosperity without growth: economics for a finite planet. London: Earthscan.
• Jenkins, K., McCauley, D., Heffron R. J. & Stephan, H. (2016). Energy justice: a conceptual review. Energy Research and Social Science, 11, 74-87.
• Kânoğlu, D. & Soytas U. (2018). The Impact of Information Provision on the Social Acceptance of Shale Gas Development: A Review-Based Inclusive Model. Frontiers in Energy Research, 6, 1-13.
• Kat, B., Paltsev, S. & Yuan, M. (2018). Turkish energy sector development and the Paris Agreement goals: A CGE model assessment. Energy Policy, 122, 84-96.
• Kitchener, K. S. (1984). Intuition, critical evaluation, and ethical principles: The foundation for ethical decisions in counselling psychology. Counseling Psychologist, 12, 43–55.
• Kitchener, K. S. (2000). Foundations of ethical practice, research, and teaching in psychology. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
• Kitchener, R. (2008). Moral philosophy. in International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences (2nd edition). Ed.: Darity Jr., W. A., New York: MacMillan.
• Kitchener, K. S. & Kitchener, R. (2013). Social science research ethics: historical and philosophical issues. in The Handbook of Social Research Ethics (5-22). Eds.: Mertens, D. M. & Ginsberg, P. E. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications Ltd., doi: 10.4135/9781483348971
• Kohlberg, L. & Hersh, R. H. (1977). Moral development: a review of the theory. Theory into Practice, Moral Development (Apr. 1977), 16(2), 53-59.
• Leopold, A. (1949). A sand county almanac. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Logsdon, J.M. & Yuthas, K. (1997). Corporate social performance, stakeholder orientation, and organizational moral development. Journal of Business Ethics, 16, 1212-1226.
• Mannison, D., McRobbie, M.A., & Routley, R. (Eds.) (1980). Environmental Philosophy (96-189). Canberra: Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences.
• Routley, R. (1980). Human Chauvinism. in Environmental Philosophy (96-189). Eds.: Mannison, D. S., McRobbie, M. A., & Sylvan, Canberra: Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences.
• Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Rest, J. R. (1984). Research on moral development: implications for training counseling psychologists. The Counseling Psychologist, 12, 19–29.
• Routley, R. (1980). Human Chauvinism and environmental ethics. in Environmental Philosophy. Eds.: Mannison, D. S., McRobbie, M. A. & Sylvan, Richard. Canberra: Australian National University, Research School of Social Sciences.
• Sayre-McCord, G. (Summer 2014 Edition), Metaethics. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Ed.: Zalta, Edward N. Z, Retrieved from, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2014/entries/metaethics/
• Sen, A. (1987). On Ethics and Economics. Oxford and New York, NY: Blackwell Publishers.
• Simcock, N. (2016). Procedural justice and the implementation of community wind energy projects: a case study from South Yorkshire, UK. Land Use Policy, 59, 467-477.
• Sovacool, B.K. (2013). Energy & Ethics: justice and global energy challenge. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan.
• Sovacool, B.K. (2014). What are we doing here? Analyzing fifteen years of energy scholarship and proposing a social science research agenda. Energy Research & Social Science, 1, 1-29.
• Sovacool, B. K., & Dworkin, M. H. (2015). Energy justice: conceptual insights and practical applications. Applied Energy, 142, 435–444, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.002.
• Soytas, U., Sari, R. (2007). The relationship between energy and production: evidence from Turkish manufacturing industry. Energy Economics, 29(6), 1151-1165.
• Stern, D. I. (2004). Economic growth and energy. Encyclopedia of Energy 2, 35-51.
• Taylor, P. (1981). The Ethics of respect for nature. Environmental Ethics, 3(3), 197– 218.
• Taylor, P. (1986). Respect for nature. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
• UNFCCC, 2016. Republic of Turkey intended nationally determined contribution. Available at: 〈http://www4.unfccc.int/Submissions/INDC/Published〉Documents/Turkey/