Askeri İnsan Geliştirme Teknolojileri ve Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukukun Temel İlkelerinin Yeniden Yorumlanması

Year 2023, Volume: 33 Issue: 2, 371 - 404, 26.12.2023

Berkant Akkuş

https://doi.org/10.54078/savsad.1135767

Abstract

Teknolojik olarak gelişmiş silahlı kuvvetler, savaşçıyı canlı bir organizma olarak geliştirmenin yollarını keşfetmeye başladı. İlgili uygulamalar onları eğitim ve ekipman gibi performansı iyileştirmenin daha geleneksel yollarından ayıran, biyomedikal insan performansının geliştirilmesi olarak adlandırılabilir. İnsan geliştirme teknolojileri, hem askeri bağlamda hem de daha geniş anlamda toplumda bir dizi etik, hukuki ve sosyal sorunu gündeme getirmektedir. Askeri bağlamda, silahlı çatışma hukuku kapsamında sorunlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. İnsan geliştirmeye kısa bir kavramsal ve teknik arka plan sağladıktan sonra, bu makale iki geniş soru sorarak insan geliştirmeyle ilgili bir dizi uluslararası insancıl hukuk sorununu ele almaktadır: İlk olarak, uluslararası insancıl hukuk savaşçıların geliştirilmesini yasaklıyor mu yoksa kısıtlıyor mu? İkincisi, eğer savaşçılar bir şekilde geliştirilirse, bunun uluslararası insancıl hukuk kapsamında ne gibi sonuçları olur?

Keywords

Askeri İnsan Geliştirme, Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk, Cenevre Sözleşmeleri

Military Human Enhancement Technologies and Reinterpretation of Fundamental Principles of International Humanitarian Law

Abstract

Military human enhancement technologies can be defined as having powers beyond what is considered statistically normal for human beings. Military human enhancement technologies can be divided into three main groups: biochemical, cybernetic (or brain-machine interfaces), and prosthetic. The concepts of weapon, means of warfare, and methods of warfare will be examined to determine how military human development technologies should be classified. This classification has crucial importance for the legal review of new weapons in order to reveal whether new technologies should be banned based on three main criteria such as weapons that create unnecessary suffering, superfluous injury, and environmental harm and weapons which do not compatible with international humanitarian law principles specifically the principle of distinction, proportionality, precaution, and humanity. The main findings of this article offer an alternative approach which is an update on the Geneva Conventions instead of banning military human enhancement technologies.

Keywords

Military Human Enhancement, International Humanitarian Law, Geneva Conventions

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