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Blokzincir Teknolojisi ve Kamu İdarelerinde Kullanılabilirliği: Ülke Örnekleri ve Türkiye Değerlendirmesi

Year 2023, Issue: 130, 335 - 385, 01.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.52836/sayistay.1316034

Abstract

Günümüz teknoloji çağında işlemler giderek artan şekilde dijital ortamda gerçekleşmektedir. Blokzincir teknolojisi, dijitalleşme sürecinde internetin yükselişi kadar önemli bir devrim niteliğinde kabul edilmekte ve insanların birbirlerini tanımasalar bile etkileşimde bulunmalarına, işlem yapmalarına izin verme yeteneği nedeniyle yeni bir “güven makinesi” olarak anılmaktadır. Blokzincir temelli çözümler, elektrik piyasası, ticaret, kripto para birimleri gibi alanlarda dijital işlemler için temelde başarıyla kullanılmıştır. Öte yandan blokzincir teknolojisine sadece yenilikçi bir çözüm olarak değil, aynı zamanda çeşitli kurumlarda yeni yönetim uygulamalarının ve operasyon modellerinin etkili şekilde oluşturulması bağlamında yaklaşılması da mümkündür. Bu kapsamda çalışmanın temel amacı blokzincir teknolojisinin temel işleyiş mekanizmasını aktararak kamu idarelerinde kullanılabilirliğini ülke örnekleri çerçevesinde değerlendirmek ve Türkiye için öneriler sunmaktır.

References

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  • Anadolu Ajansı (2022). Dijital Türk Lirası için Test Aşamasına Gelindi. 25.10.2022, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/dijital-turk-lirasi-icin-test-asamasina-gelindi/2720220, Erişim: 23.03.2023.
  • Babaoğlu, C., Karasoy, H.A. (2022). “Kamu Yönetiminde Blokzincir: Kullanım Alanları ve Örnek Uygulamalar”. Sosyoekonomi. Vol.30(52), 283-297.
  • Back, S.A., Corallo, M.; Dashjr, L.; Friedenbach, M.; Maxwell, G.; Miller, A. ve Timon, J. (2014). Enabling Blokchain Innovations with Pegged Sidechains. Open Science Review. 22.10.2014. https://blockstream.com/sidechains.pdf, Erişim: 01.02.2019.
  • Berryhill, J., Bourgery,T. ve Hanson, A. (2018). Blockchains Unchained: Blockchain Technology and its Use in the Public Sector. OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No.28.
  • Bhushan, B., Khamparia, A.; Sagayam, K. M.; Sharma, S. K.; Ahad, M. A. ve Debnath, N. C. (2020). Blockchain for smart cities: A review of architectures, integration trends and future research directions. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61(June), 102360.
  • Boireau, O. (2018). Securing the blockchain against hackers. Network Security. 2018(1): 8–11.
  • Collosa, A. (2021). Blockchain in public sector. https://www.ciat.org/ciatblog-blockchainen-el-sector-publico/?lang=en, Erişim: 03.03.2022.
  • Curran, K. (2018). E-Voting on the Blockchain. The Journal of the British Blockchain Association, 1(2), 1–6.
  • Es-Samaali, H., Outchakoucht, A. ve Leroy, J. P. (2017). A Blockchain-based Access Control for Big Data. International Journal of Computer Networks, 5(7), 137-147.
  • Eurasianet (2017). Georgia: Authorities Use Blokchain Technology for Developing Land Registry. https://eurasianet.org/georgia-authorities-use-blockchain-technologyfor-developing-land-registry, Erişim: 15.08.2022.
  • European Commission (2018). How can Europe benefit from blockchain technologies?. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/blockchain-strategy, Erişim: 02.01.2019.
  • EVRY (2016). Blockchain- Powering the Internet of Value. https://www.finyear.com/attachment/637653/, Erişim: 21.03.2021.
  • Furlonger, D. ve Uzureau, C. (2019). The real business of blockchain. Harvard Business Review Press.
  • Gabison, G. (2017). Policy Considerations for Blockchain Technology Public and Private Applications. Science and Tecnology Law Review, 19(3), 327-350.
  • Gartner (2018). Preparing for Smart Contract Adoption. https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3894102, Erişim: 12.12.2020.
  • Grech, A., Camilleri, A. F. (2017). Blockchain in Education. Luxembourg: Inamorato dos Santos (ed.) http://nbn- resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-150132. (Erişim: 20.01.2020).
  • Guarda, T., Augusto, M.F., Haz, L. ve Diaz-Nafria, J.M. (2021). Blockchain and Government Transformation. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1330, 88-95.
  • Hjalmarsson, F. P., Hreioarsson, G. K., Hamdaqa, M. ve Hjalmtysson, G. (2018). Blockchain-Based E-Voting System IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing, CLOUD, 2018-July, 983–986.
  • Jalakas, P. (2018). Blockchain from public administration perspective: Case of Estonia, (Master thesis, School of Business and Governance Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance). Tallinn University of Technology, Tallin.
  • Jajesniak, E. (2018). Blockchain as a technological revolution and its application by national governments (In Polish).Warsaw: Blockchain Technology Center, Lazarski University.
  • Jun, M. (2018). Blockchain government-a next form of infrastructure for the twenty-first century. Journal of Open Innovation Technology, Market, Complexity. 4(7): 1–12.
  • Ketizmen, M. (2023). Dijital Lira’nın Hukuki Durumu. Fintech İstanbul, https://fintechistanbul. org/2023/03/21/dijital-liranin-hukuki-durumu/, Erişim: 23.03.2023.
  • Khan, S., Shael, M., Majdalawieh, M., Nizamuddin, N. ve Nicho, M. (2022). Blockchain for Governments: The Case of Dubai Government. Sustainability, 2022,14: 6576, Erişim: 02.01.2023.
  • Khan, K.M., Arshad, J. ve Khan, M.M. (2018). Secure Digital Voting System based on Blockchain Technology. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/155779036.pdf, Erişim: 21.03.2023.
  • Kim, G.H., Trimi, S. ve Chung, J.H. (2014). Big-data applications in the government sector. Communications of the ACM, 57(3), 78–85.
  • Kouhizadeh, M., Saberi, S. ve Sarkis, J. (2021). Blockchain technology and the sustainable supply chain: Theoretically exploring adoption barriers. International Journal of Production Economics, 231(2021), 107831.
  • König, L., Korobeinikova, Y., Tjoa, S. ve Kieseberg, P. (2020). Comparing blockchain standards and recommendations. Future Internet, 12(12), 1–17.
  • Köse, H.Ö., Polat, N. (2021). Dijital Dönüşüm ve Denetimin Geleceğine Etkisi. Sayıştay Dergisi, 32(123), 9-41. OECD ve OPSI (2018). Embracing Innovation in Government: Global Trends. In OECD (Issue June). https://www.oecd.org/gov/innovative- government/embracing-innovationin-government-united-states.pdf.
  • Piech, K. ve Zyga, P. (2018). The use of blokchain by the Estonian government. Center for Blokchain Technology. Blokchain Technology Center, Lazarski University, Warsaw, https://www.lazarski.pl/pl/nauka-i-badania/instytuty/wydzial-ekonomiii-zarzadzania/centrum-technologii-blockchain/wykorzystanie-blockchain-przezrzad-estonski/, Erişim: 03.02.2021.
  • Rot, A., Sobinska, M., Hernes, M. ve Franczyk, B. (2020). Towards Industury 4.0-Current Challenges in Information Systems. Digital Transformation of Public Administration Through Blockchain Technology. (Eds. M. Hernes, A. Rot and D. Jelonek). Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, 887, 111-126.
  • Shin, L. (2017). The First Government to Secure Land Titles on the Bitcoin Blokchain Expands Project, https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2017/02/07/thefirst-government-to-secure-land-titles-on-the-bitcoin-blockchain-expandsproject/?sh=332d95844dcd, Erişim: 02.02.2023.
  • Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (2023). Onbirinci Kalkınma Planı (2019-2023). https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/On_Birinci_Kalkinma_Plani-2019-2023.pdf, Erişim: 13.03.2023.
  • Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (2020). 2020 Yılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Yıllık Programı. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2020_Yili_Cumhurbaskanligi_Yillik_Programi.pdf, Erişim: 12.03.2023.
  • Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. USA: O’Reilly Media Inc.
  • TCMB (2022). Dijital Türk Lirası Kullanımına İlişkin Basın Duyurusu. 29.12.2022. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Duyurular/Basin/2022/DUY2022-55, Erişim: 08.03.2023.
  • Üstüner, Y. ve Yavuz, N. (2017). Turkey’s public Administration today: An overview and appraisal. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(10), 820–831.
  • Veeramani, K. ve Jaganathan, S. (2020). Land registration: Use-case of e- Governance using blockchain technology. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems, 14(9), 3693–3711.
  • Yaga, D., Mell, P., Roby, N. ve Scarfone, K. (2018). Blockchain Technology Overview. United States National Institue of Standarts and Technology (NIST). https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2018/nist.ir.8202.pdf, Erişim: 26.10.2019.
  • Yeoh, P. (2017). Regulatory issues in blockchain technology. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 25(2), 196–208.
  • Wang, L., Shen, X., Li, J., Shao, J. ve Yang, Y. (2019). Cryptographic primitives in blockchains. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 127, 43–58.
  • WU GTPC (2017). Blockchain 101 for Governments, WU Global Tax Policy Center of Vienna University of Business and Economics. https://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/15STM_Blockchain-101.pdf , (Erişim: 01.02.2019)
Year 2023, Issue: 130, 335 - 385, 01.11.2023
https://doi.org/10.52836/sayistay.1316034

Abstract

References

  • Allessie, D., Sobolewski, M. ve Vaccari, L. (2019). Blockchain for digital government. An assessment of pioneering implementations in public services. European Commission Joint Research Centre Science For Policy Report. https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/document/2019-04/JRC115049%20blockchain%20for%20digital%20government.pdf , (Erişim:12.10.2020).
  • Anadolu Ajansı (2022). Dijital Türk Lirası için Test Aşamasına Gelindi. 25.10.2022, https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/dijital-turk-lirasi-icin-test-asamasina-gelindi/2720220, Erişim: 23.03.2023.
  • Babaoğlu, C., Karasoy, H.A. (2022). “Kamu Yönetiminde Blokzincir: Kullanım Alanları ve Örnek Uygulamalar”. Sosyoekonomi. Vol.30(52), 283-297.
  • Back, S.A., Corallo, M.; Dashjr, L.; Friedenbach, M.; Maxwell, G.; Miller, A. ve Timon, J. (2014). Enabling Blokchain Innovations with Pegged Sidechains. Open Science Review. 22.10.2014. https://blockstream.com/sidechains.pdf, Erişim: 01.02.2019.
  • Berryhill, J., Bourgery,T. ve Hanson, A. (2018). Blockchains Unchained: Blockchain Technology and its Use in the Public Sector. OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No.28.
  • Bhushan, B., Khamparia, A.; Sagayam, K. M.; Sharma, S. K.; Ahad, M. A. ve Debnath, N. C. (2020). Blockchain for smart cities: A review of architectures, integration trends and future research directions. Sustainable Cities and Society, 61(June), 102360.
  • Boireau, O. (2018). Securing the blockchain against hackers. Network Security. 2018(1): 8–11.
  • Collosa, A. (2021). Blockchain in public sector. https://www.ciat.org/ciatblog-blockchainen-el-sector-publico/?lang=en, Erişim: 03.03.2022.
  • Curran, K. (2018). E-Voting on the Blockchain. The Journal of the British Blockchain Association, 1(2), 1–6.
  • Es-Samaali, H., Outchakoucht, A. ve Leroy, J. P. (2017). A Blockchain-based Access Control for Big Data. International Journal of Computer Networks, 5(7), 137-147.
  • Eurasianet (2017). Georgia: Authorities Use Blokchain Technology for Developing Land Registry. https://eurasianet.org/georgia-authorities-use-blockchain-technologyfor-developing-land-registry, Erişim: 15.08.2022.
  • European Commission (2018). How can Europe benefit from blockchain technologies?. https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/blockchain-strategy, Erişim: 02.01.2019.
  • EVRY (2016). Blockchain- Powering the Internet of Value. https://www.finyear.com/attachment/637653/, Erişim: 21.03.2021.
  • Furlonger, D. ve Uzureau, C. (2019). The real business of blockchain. Harvard Business Review Press.
  • Gabison, G. (2017). Policy Considerations for Blockchain Technology Public and Private Applications. Science and Tecnology Law Review, 19(3), 327-350.
  • Gartner (2018). Preparing for Smart Contract Adoption. https://www.gartner.com/en/documents/3894102, Erişim: 12.12.2020.
  • Grech, A., Camilleri, A. F. (2017). Blockchain in Education. Luxembourg: Inamorato dos Santos (ed.) http://nbn- resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:0111-pedocs-150132. (Erişim: 20.01.2020).
  • Guarda, T., Augusto, M.F., Haz, L. ve Diaz-Nafria, J.M. (2021). Blockchain and Government Transformation. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 1330, 88-95.
  • Hjalmarsson, F. P., Hreioarsson, G. K., Hamdaqa, M. ve Hjalmtysson, G. (2018). Blockchain-Based E-Voting System IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing, CLOUD, 2018-July, 983–986.
  • Jalakas, P. (2018). Blockchain from public administration perspective: Case of Estonia, (Master thesis, School of Business and Governance Ragnar Nurkse Department of Innovation and Governance). Tallinn University of Technology, Tallin.
  • Jajesniak, E. (2018). Blockchain as a technological revolution and its application by national governments (In Polish).Warsaw: Blockchain Technology Center, Lazarski University.
  • Jun, M. (2018). Blockchain government-a next form of infrastructure for the twenty-first century. Journal of Open Innovation Technology, Market, Complexity. 4(7): 1–12.
  • Ketizmen, M. (2023). Dijital Lira’nın Hukuki Durumu. Fintech İstanbul, https://fintechistanbul. org/2023/03/21/dijital-liranin-hukuki-durumu/, Erişim: 23.03.2023.
  • Khan, S., Shael, M., Majdalawieh, M., Nizamuddin, N. ve Nicho, M. (2022). Blockchain for Governments: The Case of Dubai Government. Sustainability, 2022,14: 6576, Erişim: 02.01.2023.
  • Khan, K.M., Arshad, J. ve Khan, M.M. (2018). Secure Digital Voting System based on Blockchain Technology. International Journal of Electronic Government Research, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/155779036.pdf, Erişim: 21.03.2023.
  • Kim, G.H., Trimi, S. ve Chung, J.H. (2014). Big-data applications in the government sector. Communications of the ACM, 57(3), 78–85.
  • Kouhizadeh, M., Saberi, S. ve Sarkis, J. (2021). Blockchain technology and the sustainable supply chain: Theoretically exploring adoption barriers. International Journal of Production Economics, 231(2021), 107831.
  • König, L., Korobeinikova, Y., Tjoa, S. ve Kieseberg, P. (2020). Comparing blockchain standards and recommendations. Future Internet, 12(12), 1–17.
  • Köse, H.Ö., Polat, N. (2021). Dijital Dönüşüm ve Denetimin Geleceğine Etkisi. Sayıştay Dergisi, 32(123), 9-41. OECD ve OPSI (2018). Embracing Innovation in Government: Global Trends. In OECD (Issue June). https://www.oecd.org/gov/innovative- government/embracing-innovationin-government-united-states.pdf.
  • Piech, K. ve Zyga, P. (2018). The use of blokchain by the Estonian government. Center for Blokchain Technology. Blokchain Technology Center, Lazarski University, Warsaw, https://www.lazarski.pl/pl/nauka-i-badania/instytuty/wydzial-ekonomiii-zarzadzania/centrum-technologii-blockchain/wykorzystanie-blockchain-przezrzad-estonski/, Erişim: 03.02.2021.
  • Rot, A., Sobinska, M., Hernes, M. ve Franczyk, B. (2020). Towards Industury 4.0-Current Challenges in Information Systems. Digital Transformation of Public Administration Through Blockchain Technology. (Eds. M. Hernes, A. Rot and D. Jelonek). Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer, 887, 111-126.
  • Shin, L. (2017). The First Government to Secure Land Titles on the Bitcoin Blokchain Expands Project, https://www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2017/02/07/thefirst-government-to-secure-land-titles-on-the-bitcoin-blockchain-expandsproject/?sh=332d95844dcd, Erişim: 02.02.2023.
  • Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (2023). Onbirinci Kalkınma Planı (2019-2023). https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/On_Birinci_Kalkinma_Plani-2019-2023.pdf, Erişim: 13.03.2023.
  • Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı (2020). 2020 Yılı Cumhurbaşkanlığı Yıllık Programı. https://www.sbb.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/2020_Yili_Cumhurbaskanligi_Yillik_Programi.pdf, Erişim: 12.03.2023.
  • Swan, M. (2015). Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy. USA: O’Reilly Media Inc.
  • TCMB (2022). Dijital Türk Lirası Kullanımına İlişkin Basın Duyurusu. 29.12.2022. https://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/TR/TCMB+TR/Main+Menu/Duyurular/Basin/2022/DUY2022-55, Erişim: 08.03.2023.
  • Üstüner, Y. ve Yavuz, N. (2017). Turkey’s public Administration today: An overview and appraisal. International Journal of Public Administration, 41(10), 820–831.
  • Veeramani, K. ve Jaganathan, S. (2020). Land registration: Use-case of e- Governance using blockchain technology. KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems, 14(9), 3693–3711.
  • Yaga, D., Mell, P., Roby, N. ve Scarfone, K. (2018). Blockchain Technology Overview. United States National Institue of Standarts and Technology (NIST). https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/ir/2018/nist.ir.8202.pdf, Erişim: 26.10.2019.
  • Yeoh, P. (2017). Regulatory issues in blockchain technology. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 25(2), 196–208.
  • Wang, L., Shen, X., Li, J., Shao, J. ve Yang, Y. (2019). Cryptographic primitives in blockchains. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 127, 43–58.
  • WU GTPC (2017). Blockchain 101 for Governments, WU Global Tax Policy Center of Vienna University of Business and Economics. https://www.un.org/esa/ffd/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/15STM_Blockchain-101.pdf , (Erişim: 01.02.2019)
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Financial Law
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Burçin Bozdoğanoğlu 0000-0002-9337-2895

Publication Date November 1, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 130

Cite

APA Bozdoğanoğlu, B. (2023). Blokzincir Teknolojisi ve Kamu İdarelerinde Kullanılabilirliği: Ülke Örnekleri ve Türkiye Değerlendirmesi. Sayıştay Dergisi(130), 335-385. https://doi.org/10.52836/sayistay.1316034