Individual And Social Factors Related To Sport Commitment In Adolescent Athletes: A Systematic Review

Öz

Examining sport commitment, which is a crucial structure in revealing the psychosocial factors that affect sport participation, persistence, and dropping out of sports, is important in terms of providing a more comprehensive understanding of this concept in our country, revealing the gaps in the literature and providing new research questions. A better understanding of sport commitment may provide an important opportunity for a more physically active society. In this context, this study aimed to systematically review the psychosocial factors related to sport commitment in the literature to date. A systematic review of articles published in English across PubMed, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus, and Taylor-Francis Online databases was undertaken using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines by the “sport commitment” keyword. Inclusion criteria such as studies published in peer-reviewed journals based on the Sport Commitment model (Scanlan et al., 1993), the age range of the sample group between 10-18 years (early and middle adolescence), and examining factors related to sport commitment, were taken into account. In addition, exclusion criteria such as not being written in English and using a qualitative research method were taken into during the initial search. Totally 20 articles met inclusion criteria after the full-text articles were screened for eligibility. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to assess the risk of bias and the quality of the studies included in the review. The studies were grouped under two headings as "individual" and "social" factors related to sport commitment. The findings showed that the concept of motivation stands out as an important factor among the individual factors related to sport commitment. In the part of the social factor, it has been seen that the motivational environment/climate created by the coaches has a critical role in sport commitment. Consequently, it is recommended to consider these factors in developing strategies for sport participation of athletes and persistence in sports.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sport Commitment
• Individual Factors
• Social Factors
• Adolescents

Ergen Sporcularda Spora Bağlılık İle İlişkili Bireysel ve Sosyal Faktörler: Sistematik Derleme

Öz

Spora katılım, devamlılık ve sporu bırakmayla ilişkili faktörlerin ortaya konmasında önemli bir yapı olan spora bağlılığın incelenmesi, ülkemizde bu kavramın daha kapsamlı bir şekilde anlaşılması, alan yazındaki boşlukları açığa çıkararak yeni araştırma soruları ortaya konmasını sağlaması açısından önemlidir. Spora bağlılığı daha iyi anlamak, fiziksel olarak daha aktif bir topluma sahip olmak için önemli bir fırsat sunabilir. Bu bağlamda bu çalışmanın amacı alan yazındaki spora bağlılık ile ilişkili psikososyal faktörleri sistematik derleme metodu ile ortaya koymaktır. Derleme PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) yönergelerine uygun olarak, PubMed, Google Scholar, SPORTDiscus ve Taylor-Francis Online veri tabanlarında, “sport commitment” anahtar kelimeleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tarama sonucunda toplam 1132 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Ön incelemeler sonrası spora bağlılık (Sport Commitment) modelini (Scanlan ve diğ., 1993) temel alan, hakemli dergide yayınlanan, örneklem grubunun yaş aralığı 10-18 yaş (erken ve orta ergenlik) arasında olan, spora bağlılık ile ilişkili faktörleri inceleyen çalışmalar gibi dâhil etme kriterleri, İngilizce dilinde yazılmama, nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanma gibi dışlama kriterleri göz önünde bulundurularak 20 çalışma sistematik derlemeye dâhil edilmiştir. Dâhil edilen çalışmalarda yanlılık riski ve çalışmaların kalitesini değerlendirmek için Karma Yöntem Değerlendirme Aracı (Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool) kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalar spora bağlılıkla ilişkili ‘‘bireysel’’ ve ‘‘sosyal’’ faktörler olarak iki başlık altında toplanmıştır. Bulgular, spora bağlılıkla ilişkili bireysel faktörler arasında güdülenme kavramının önemli bir faktör olarak ön plana çıktığını göstermiştir. Sosyal faktörlerde ise antrenörlerin oluşturduğu ortam/iklimin sporcuların spora bağlılığı için oldukça kritik bir rolü olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak ergen sporcuların spora katılım ve devamlılığına ilişkin stratejilerin geliştirilmesinde bu faktörlerin dikkate alınması önerilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Spora Bağlılık
• Bireysel Faktörler
• Sosyal Faktörler
• Ergenler

Kaynakça

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