Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Assessment of Body Composition by Hand-to-Foot and Foot-to-Foot Bioelectrical Impedance Method: Effect of Menstrual Cycle

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 4, 333 - 345, 05.12.2025

Tahir Hazır , Aysu Akın , Yunus Emre Ekinci , Ayşe Kin İşler

https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1760782

Öz

The aim of this study was to compare body composition parameters determined by hand-to-foot (BIAH-F) and foot-to-foot (BIAF-F) bioelectrical impedance methods and to investigate the effect of menstrual cycle on different BIA methods. The subjects of the study were 17 healthy volunteer active female athletes aged 18-40 years (age = 20.6 ± 3.5 years, menstrual cycle = 28.8 ± 1.2 days) with a regular menstrual cycle for the last 6 months. Body fat percentage (BFP), lean body mass (LBM) and total body water (TBW) were measured by BIAA-A and BIAE-A methods during the early follicular phase (EFF) (days 2 to 5), ovulatory phase (OF) (days 13 to 15) and luteal phase (LF) (days 21 to 25) of the menstrual cycle in random order. Different phases of the menstrual cycle were confirmed by follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, estradiol and progesterone hormone analyses. A 2 x 3 (Method x Menstrual phase) repeated measures two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data obtained with both methods at different phases of the menstrual cycle. Hormone levels measured in different phases of the menstrual cycle were significantly different (p < 0.01). The effect of menstrual cycle on BW (63.7 ± 11.2 kg for EFF, 63.5 ± 10.7 kg for OF, 64.0 ± 11.1 kg for LF) was not significant (p > 0.05). The effect of menstrual cycle on BFP, LBM and TBW was also not significant (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between BFP and LBM measured by BIAA-A and BIAE-A methods (p > 0.05). On the other hand, there was a statistically significant difference between TBW values measured by BIAA-A and BIAE-A methods (p < 0.01). When compared with BIAE-A, the TBW measured by BIAA-A was significantly higher. Menstrual phase x Method interaction statistics were not significant for all variables (p > 0.05). The results of this study showed that body composition variables measured by BIAA-A and BIAE-A methods are comparable in women. In addition, the findings of this study also showed that the menstrual cycle did not have a confounding effect on body composition measured by different BIA technologies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bioelectrical impedance analysis Menstrual cycle Body composition

Proje Numarası

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK 1002 Projeleri kapsamında desteklenmiştir (Proje Numarası: 222S830)

Kaynakça

  • Anckaert, E., Jank, A., Petzold, J., Rohsmann, F., Paris, R., Renggli, M., Schönfeld, K., Schiettecatte J., ve Kriner, M. (2021). Extensive monitoring of the natural menstrual cycle using the serum biomarkers estradiol, luteinizing hormone and progesterone. Practical Laboratory Medicine, 25, e00211.
  • Armstrong, L.E. (2007). Assessing hydration status: the elusive gold standard. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(5), 575-584.
  • Barnett, J.B., Woods, M.N., Rosner, B., McCormack, C., Floyd, L., Longcope, C., ve Gorbach, S.L. (2002). Waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index and sex hormone levels associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal Caucasian women. Journal of Medical Science, 2(4), 170-176.
  • Bosy-Westphal, A., Braun, W., Geisler, C., Norman, K., ve Müller, M. J. (2018). Body composition and cardiometabolic health: the need for novel concepts. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(5), 638-644.
  • Capitán-Jiménez, C., ve Aragón-Vargas, L. F. (2010). Elimination of urine in response to water intake is consistent in well-hydrated individuals. MHSalud, 7(2), 1-9.
  • Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Guo, S., ve Woynarowska, B. (1987). The influence of physiologic variables and oral contraceptives on bioelectric impedance. Human Biology, 59(2), 257-269.
  • Cumberledge, E. A., Myers, C., Venditti, J. J., Dixon, C. B., ve Andreacci, J. L. (2018). The effect of the menstrual cycle on body composition determined by contact-electrode bioelectrical impedance analyzers. International Journal of Exercise Science, 11(4), 625-632.
  • Daniusevičiūtė, L., Brazaitis, M., Skurvydas, A., Sipavičienė, S., Linonis, V., Piečaitienė, J., ve Eimantas, N. (2010). Changes in concentration of creatine kinase, body composition and lipoprotein during menstrual cycle. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 2(77), 11-17.
  • Danquet W., ve Carter J.E.L. (2001). Somatotyping. Eston, R. G., and Reilly, T. (Eds.). Kinanthropometry and exercise physiology laboratory manual (Vol. 1). London, UK: Routledge. s 49-50.
  • Dawson, E. A., ve Reilly, T. (2009). Menstrual cycle, exercise and health. Biological Rhythm Research, 40(1), 99-119.
  • D’Souza, A. C., Wageh, M., Williams, J. S., Colenso-Semple, L. M., McCarthy, D. G., McKay, A. K., ... and Phillips, S. M. (2023). Menstrual cycle hormones and oral contraceptives: a multimethod systems physiology-based review of their impact on key aspects of female physiology. Journal of Applied Physiology, 135(6), 1284-1299.
  • Dehghan, M., ve Merchant, A. T. (2008). Is bioelectrical impedance accurate for use in large epidemiological studies?. Nutrition journal, 7(1), 26.
  • Dokumacı, B., ve Hazır, T. (2019). Effects of the menstrual cycle on running economy: oxygen cost versus caloric cost. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 90(3), 318-326.
  • Elliott-Sale, K. J., Minahan, C. L., de Jonge, X. A. J., Ackerman, K. E., Sipilä, S., Constantini, N. W., Lebrun, C. M. ve Hackney, A. C. (2021). Methodological considerations for studies in sport and exercise science with women as participants: a working guide for standards of practice for research on women. Sports Medicine, 51(5), 843-861.
  • Fortney, S. M., Beckett, W. S., Carpenter, A. J., Davis, J., Drew, H., LaFrance, N. D. ve Vroman, N. B. (1988). Changes in plasma volume during bed rest: effects of menstrual cycle and estrogen administration. Journal of Applied Physiology, 65(2), 525-533.
  • Gagnon, C., Menard, J., Bourbonnais, A., Ardilouze, J. L., Baillargeon, J. P., Carpentier, A. C., ve Langlois, M. F. (2010). Comparison of foot-to-foot and hand-to-foot bioelectrical impedance methods in a population with a wide range of body mass indices. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 8(5), 437-441.
  • Gleichauf, C.N., ve Roe, D.A. (1989). The menstrual cycle’s effect on the reliability of bioimpedance measurements for assessing body composition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50(5), 903-907.
  • Goossens, G. H. (2017). The metabolic phenotype in obesity: fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function. Obesity Facts, 10(3), 207-215.
  • Hall, N., White, C., ve O’Sullivan, A.J. (2009). The relationship between adiponectin, progesterone, and temperature across the menstrual cycle. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 32(3), 279-283.
  • Hazır, T., Köse, M. G., Esatbeyoğlu, F., Ekinci, Y. E., ve İşler, A. K. (2020). Effects of High Intensity Exercise on Body Composition Measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Spor Hekimligi Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(2), 102-111.
  • Heyward, V. H., ve Wagner, D. R. (2004). Applied body composition assessment (No. Ed. 2, pp. 268-pp).
  • Hicks, C. S., McLester, C. N., Esmat, T. A., & McLester, J. R. (2017). A comparison of body composition across two phases of the menstrual cycle utilizing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. International Journal of Exercise Science, 10(8), 1235-1249.
  • Hirsch, K. R., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Trexler, E. T., ve Roelofs, E. J. (2016). Body composition and muscle characteristics of division I track and field athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(5), 1231-1238.
  • Komukai, K., Mochizuki, S., ve Yoshimura, M. (2010). Gender and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 24(6), 687-698.
  • Koşar, Ş. N., Güzel, Y., Köse, M. G., Kin İşler, A., ve Hazır, T. (2022). Whole and segmental body composition changes during mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in recreationally active young women. Annals of Human Biology, 49(2), 124-132.
  • Kulakaç, Ö., Öncel, S., Fırat, M. Z., ve Akcan, A. (2008). Menstruasyon tutum ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 18(6), 347-356.
  • Kushner, R. F. (1992). Bioelectrical impedance analysis: a review of principles and applications. Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 11(2), 199-209.
  • Küçükkubaş, N., Aytar, S. H., Açıkada, C., ve Hazır, T. (2020). Bioelectric impedance analyses for young male athletes: A validation study. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 28(1), 49-58.
  • Küçükkubaş, N., Hazır, T., ve Açıkada, C. (2006). 15-17 yaş ergen erkeklerde biyoelektrik impedans yönteminde ölçüm aralığının belirlenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 38-47.
  • Kyle, U. G., Bosaeus, I., De Lorenzo, A. D., Deurenberg, P., Elia, M., Gómez, J. M., ve Composition of the ESPEN Working Group. (2004). Bioelectrical impedance analysis—part I: review of principles and methods. Clinical Nutrition, 23(5), 1226-1243.
  • Lusseveld, E. M., Peters, E. T. J., ve Deurenberg, P. (1993). Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance as a measure of differences in body water distribution. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 37(1), 44-51.
  • Martín-Matillas, M., Valadés, D., Hernández-Hernández, E., Olea-Serrano, F., Sjöström, M., Delgado-Fernández, M., ve Ortega, F. B. (2014). Anthropometric, body composition and somatotype characteristics of elite female volleyball players from the highest Spanish league. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(2), 137-148.
  • Matthews, E. L., ve Hosick, P. A. (2019). Bioelectrical impedance analysis does not detect an increase in total body water following isotonic fluid consumption. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 44(10), 1116-1120.
  • Maughan, R. J., ve Shirreffs, S. M. (2010). Dehydration and rehydration in competative sport. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(3), 40-47.
  • McManus, C. J., Murray, K. A., ve Parry, D. A. (2017). Applied sports nutrition support, dietary intake and body composition changes of a female athlete completing 26 marathons in 26 days: A case study. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(1), 112-116
  • Montgomery, M. M., Marttinen, R. H., ve Galpin, A. J. (2017). Comparison of body fat results from 4 bioelectrical impedance analysis devices vs. air displacement plethysmography in American adolescent wrestlers. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 5(4), 18-25.
  • Moon, J. R. (2013). Body composition in athletes and sports nutrition: an examination of the bioimpedance analysis technique. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(1), S54-S59.
  • Nickerson, B. S., Snarr, R. L., ve Ryan, G. A. (2019). Validity of foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance for estimating body composition in NCAA division I male athletes: A 3-compartment model comparison. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(12), 3361-3366.
  • Olson, B. R., Forman, M. R., Lanza, E., McAdam, P. A., Beecher, G., Kimzey, L. M., ... ve Guttsches-Ebeling, B. (1996). Relation between sodium balance and menstrual cycle symptoms in normal women. Annals of Internal Medicine, 125(7), 564-567.
  • Patel, S., Rauf, A., Khan, H., ve Abu-Izneid, T. (2017). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS): The ubiquitous system for homeostasis and pathologies. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 94, 317-325.
  • Rael, B., Alfaro-Magallanes, V.M., Romero-Parra, N., Castro, E.A., Cupeiro, R., ve Janse de Jonge, X.A. (2020). Menstrual cycle phases influence on cardiorespiratory response to exercise in endurance-trained females. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 860-871.
  • Rashmi, R., ve Snekhalatha, U. (2019). Evaluation of body composition parameters using various diagnostic methods: A meta-analysis study. Obesity Medicine, 16, 100150.
  • Richardson, J.T.E. (2011). Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational Research Review, 6(2):135-47.
  • Ritchie, J. D., Miller, C. K., ve Smiciklas-Wright, H. (2005). Tanita foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis system validated in older adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(10), 1617-1619.
  • Sims, S. T., Rehrer, N. J., Bell, M. L., ve Cotter, J. D. (2008). Endogenous and exogenous female sex hormones and renal electrolyte handling: effects of an acute sodium load on plasma volume at rest. Journal of Applied Physiology, 105(1), 121-127.
  • Stachoń, A. J. (2016). Menstrual changes in body composition of female athletes. Collegium Antropologicum, 40(2), 111-122.
  • Son, J. W., Han, B. D., Bennett, J. P., Heymsfield, S., ve Lim, S. (2025). Development and clinical application of bioelectrical impedance analysis method for body composition assessment. Obesity Reviews, 26(1), e13844.
  • Stachenfeld, N. S. (2008). Sex hormone effects on body fluid regulation. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 36(3), 152-159.
  • Stachenfeld, N. S. (2014). Hormonal changes during menopause and the impact on fluid regulation. Reproductive Sciences, 21(5), 555-561.
  • Stachenfeld, N. S., ve Taylor, H. S. (2004). Effects of estrogen and progesterone administration on extracellular fluid. Journal of Applied Physiology, 96(3), 1011-1018.
  • Teixeira, A.L., Dias, M.R., Damasceno, V.O., Lamounier, J.A., ve Gardner, R.M. (2013). Association between different phases of menstrual cycle and body image measures of perceived size, ideal size, and body dissatisfaction. Percept Motor Skills, 117(3):892-902.
  • Thompson, B. ve Han, A. (2009). Methodological recommendations for menstrual cycle research in sports and exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 51(12), 2610-2617.
  • Tomazo-Ravnik, T., ve Jakopič, V. (2006). Changes in total body water and body fat in young women in the course of menstrual cycle. International Journal of Anthropology, 21(1), 55-60.
  • Vasold, K. L., Parks, A. C., Phelan, D. M., Pontifex, M. B., ve Pivarnik, J. M. (2019). Reliability and validity of commercially available low-cost bioelectrical impedance analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 29(4), 406-410.
  • Walker, E. J., Aughey, R. J., McLaughlin, P., ve McAinch, A. J. (2022). Seasonal change in body composition and physique of team sport athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(2), 565-572.
  • White, C.P., Hitchcock, C.L., Vigna, Y.M., ve Prior, J.C. (2011). Fluid retention over the menstrual cycle: 1-year data from the prospective ovulation cohort. Obstetrics and Gynecology International.
  • Winter, E., Eston, R., ve Lamb, K. L. (2001). Statistical analyses in the physiology of exercise and kinanthropometry, Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(10), 761-775.

Elden Ayağa ve Ayaktan Ayağa Biyoelektrik İmpedans Yöntemi ile Vücut Kompozisyonun Değerlendirilmesi: Menstrual Döngünün Etkisi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 4, 333 - 345, 05.12.2025

Tahir Hazır , Aysu Akın , Yunus Emre Ekinci , Ayşe Kin İşler

https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1760782

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, elden-ayağa (BIAE-A) ve ayaktan-ayağa (BIAA-A) biyoelektrik impedans yöntemleri ile belirlenen vücut kompozisyonu parametrelerini karşılaştırmak ve menstrual döngünün farklı BIA yöntemleri üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmanın araştırma grubunu son 6 aydır düzenli menstrual döngüye sahip, 18-40 yaş aralığındaki sağlıklı 17 gönüllü aktif kadın sporcu (yaş = 20,6 ± 3,5 yıl, menstrual döngü süresi = 28,8 ± 1,2 gün) oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların, rastgele sırayla, menstrual döngünün erken foliküler fazında (EFF) (2.- 5. günlerinde), ovulasyon fazında (OF) (13.- 15. günlerinde) ve luteal fazında (LF) (21.-25. günlerinde) BIAA-A ve BIAE-A yöntemleri ile vücut yağ yüzdesi (VYY), yağsız vücut kütlesi (YVK) ve total vücut suyu (TVS) ölçülmüştür. Menstrual döngünün farklı fazları folikül stimulan hormon, lüteinleştirici hormon, estradiol ve progesteron hormon analizleri ile teyit edilmiştir. Her iki yöntemle menstrual döngünün farklı fazlarında elde edilen verilerin analizi için 2 x 3 (Yöntem x Menstrual faz) Tekrarlı Ölçümlerde Çift Yönlü Varyans Analizi kullanılmıştır. Menstrual döngünün farklı fazlarında ölçülen hormon düzeyleri anlamlı derecede farklıdır (p > 0.01). Menstrual döngünün vücut ağırlığı (EFF için 63,7 ± 11,2 kg, OF için 63,5 ± 10,7 kg, LF için 64,0 ± 11,1 kg) üzerine etkisi anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p > 0,05). Benzer şekilde menstrual döngünün VYY, YVK ve TVS üzerine etkisi de anlamlı değildir (p > 0,05). BIAA-A ve BIAE-A yöntemleri ile ölçülen VYY ve YVK değerleri arasında anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır (p >0,05). Buna karşılık BIAA-A ve BIAE-A yöntemleri ile ölçülen TVS değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardır (p < 0,01). BIAE-A ile karşılaştırıldığında BIAA-A’da ölçülen TVS anlamlı derecede yüksektir. Tüm değişkenler için Menstrual faz x Yöntem etkileşim istatistikleri anlamlı bulunmamıştır (p>0,05). Bu çalışmanın bulguları, kadınlarda BIAA-A ve BIAE-A yöntemleri ile ölçülen vücut kompozisyonu değişkenlerinin karşılaştırılabilir olduğunu göstermiştir. Ek olarak bulgular, menstrual döngünün farklı BIA teknolojileri ile ölçülen vücut kompozisyonu üzerinde kısıtlayıcı bir etkisi olmadığını da göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyoelektrik impedans analizi Menstrual döngü Vücut kompozisyonu

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Proje Numarası

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK 1002 Projeleri kapsamında desteklenmiştir (Proje Numarası: 222S830)

Kaynakça

  • Anckaert, E., Jank, A., Petzold, J., Rohsmann, F., Paris, R., Renggli, M., Schönfeld, K., Schiettecatte J., ve Kriner, M. (2021). Extensive monitoring of the natural menstrual cycle using the serum biomarkers estradiol, luteinizing hormone and progesterone. Practical Laboratory Medicine, 25, e00211.
  • Armstrong, L.E. (2007). Assessing hydration status: the elusive gold standard. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 26(5), 575-584.
  • Barnett, J.B., Woods, M.N., Rosner, B., McCormack, C., Floyd, L., Longcope, C., ve Gorbach, S.L. (2002). Waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index and sex hormone levels associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal Caucasian women. Journal of Medical Science, 2(4), 170-176.
  • Bosy-Westphal, A., Braun, W., Geisler, C., Norman, K., ve Müller, M. J. (2018). Body composition and cardiometabolic health: the need for novel concepts. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(5), 638-644.
  • Capitán-Jiménez, C., ve Aragón-Vargas, L. F. (2010). Elimination of urine in response to water intake is consistent in well-hydrated individuals. MHSalud, 7(2), 1-9.
  • Chumlea, W.C., Roche, A.F., Guo, S., ve Woynarowska, B. (1987). The influence of physiologic variables and oral contraceptives on bioelectric impedance. Human Biology, 59(2), 257-269.
  • Cumberledge, E. A., Myers, C., Venditti, J. J., Dixon, C. B., ve Andreacci, J. L. (2018). The effect of the menstrual cycle on body composition determined by contact-electrode bioelectrical impedance analyzers. International Journal of Exercise Science, 11(4), 625-632.
  • Daniusevičiūtė, L., Brazaitis, M., Skurvydas, A., Sipavičienė, S., Linonis, V., Piečaitienė, J., ve Eimantas, N. (2010). Changes in concentration of creatine kinase, body composition and lipoprotein during menstrual cycle. Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 2(77), 11-17.
  • Danquet W., ve Carter J.E.L. (2001). Somatotyping. Eston, R. G., and Reilly, T. (Eds.). Kinanthropometry and exercise physiology laboratory manual (Vol. 1). London, UK: Routledge. s 49-50.
  • Dawson, E. A., ve Reilly, T. (2009). Menstrual cycle, exercise and health. Biological Rhythm Research, 40(1), 99-119.
  • D’Souza, A. C., Wageh, M., Williams, J. S., Colenso-Semple, L. M., McCarthy, D. G., McKay, A. K., ... and Phillips, S. M. (2023). Menstrual cycle hormones and oral contraceptives: a multimethod systems physiology-based review of their impact on key aspects of female physiology. Journal of Applied Physiology, 135(6), 1284-1299.
  • Dehghan, M., ve Merchant, A. T. (2008). Is bioelectrical impedance accurate for use in large epidemiological studies?. Nutrition journal, 7(1), 26.
  • Dokumacı, B., ve Hazır, T. (2019). Effects of the menstrual cycle on running economy: oxygen cost versus caloric cost. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 90(3), 318-326.
  • Elliott-Sale, K. J., Minahan, C. L., de Jonge, X. A. J., Ackerman, K. E., Sipilä, S., Constantini, N. W., Lebrun, C. M. ve Hackney, A. C. (2021). Methodological considerations for studies in sport and exercise science with women as participants: a working guide for standards of practice for research on women. Sports Medicine, 51(5), 843-861.
  • Fortney, S. M., Beckett, W. S., Carpenter, A. J., Davis, J., Drew, H., LaFrance, N. D. ve Vroman, N. B. (1988). Changes in plasma volume during bed rest: effects of menstrual cycle and estrogen administration. Journal of Applied Physiology, 65(2), 525-533.
  • Gagnon, C., Menard, J., Bourbonnais, A., Ardilouze, J. L., Baillargeon, J. P., Carpentier, A. C., ve Langlois, M. F. (2010). Comparison of foot-to-foot and hand-to-foot bioelectrical impedance methods in a population with a wide range of body mass indices. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 8(5), 437-441.
  • Gleichauf, C.N., ve Roe, D.A. (1989). The menstrual cycle’s effect on the reliability of bioimpedance measurements for assessing body composition. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 50(5), 903-907.
  • Goossens, G. H. (2017). The metabolic phenotype in obesity: fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function. Obesity Facts, 10(3), 207-215.
  • Hall, N., White, C., ve O’Sullivan, A.J. (2009). The relationship between adiponectin, progesterone, and temperature across the menstrual cycle. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, 32(3), 279-283.
  • Hazır, T., Köse, M. G., Esatbeyoğlu, F., Ekinci, Y. E., ve İşler, A. K. (2020). Effects of High Intensity Exercise on Body Composition Measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. Spor Hekimligi Dergisi/Turkish Journal of Sports Medicine, 55(2), 102-111.
  • Heyward, V. H., ve Wagner, D. R. (2004). Applied body composition assessment (No. Ed. 2, pp. 268-pp).
  • Hicks, C. S., McLester, C. N., Esmat, T. A., & McLester, J. R. (2017). A comparison of body composition across two phases of the menstrual cycle utilizing dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography, and bioelectrical impedance analysis. International Journal of Exercise Science, 10(8), 1235-1249.
  • Hirsch, K. R., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Trexler, E. T., ve Roelofs, E. J. (2016). Body composition and muscle characteristics of division I track and field athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(5), 1231-1238.
  • Komukai, K., Mochizuki, S., ve Yoshimura, M. (2010). Gender and the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 24(6), 687-698.
  • Koşar, Ş. N., Güzel, Y., Köse, M. G., Kin İşler, A., ve Hazır, T. (2022). Whole and segmental body composition changes during mid-follicular and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in recreationally active young women. Annals of Human Biology, 49(2), 124-132.
  • Kulakaç, Ö., Öncel, S., Fırat, M. Z., ve Akcan, A. (2008). Menstruasyon tutum ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Journal of Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology, 18(6), 347-356.
  • Kushner, R. F. (1992). Bioelectrical impedance analysis: a review of principles and applications. Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 11(2), 199-209.
  • Küçükkubaş, N., Aytar, S. H., Açıkada, C., ve Hazır, T. (2020). Bioelectric impedance analyses for young male athletes: A validation study. Isokinetics and Exercise Science, 28(1), 49-58.
  • Küçükkubaş, N., Hazır, T., ve Açıkada, C. (2006). 15-17 yaş ergen erkeklerde biyoelektrik impedans yönteminde ölçüm aralığının belirlenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(2), 38-47.
  • Kyle, U. G., Bosaeus, I., De Lorenzo, A. D., Deurenberg, P., Elia, M., Gómez, J. M., ve Composition of the ESPEN Working Group. (2004). Bioelectrical impedance analysis—part I: review of principles and methods. Clinical Nutrition, 23(5), 1226-1243.
  • Lusseveld, E. M., Peters, E. T. J., ve Deurenberg, P. (1993). Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance as a measure of differences in body water distribution. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 37(1), 44-51.
  • Martín-Matillas, M., Valadés, D., Hernández-Hernández, E., Olea-Serrano, F., Sjöström, M., Delgado-Fernández, M., ve Ortega, F. B. (2014). Anthropometric, body composition and somatotype characteristics of elite female volleyball players from the highest Spanish league. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(2), 137-148.
  • Matthews, E. L., ve Hosick, P. A. (2019). Bioelectrical impedance analysis does not detect an increase in total body water following isotonic fluid consumption. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 44(10), 1116-1120.
  • Maughan, R. J., ve Shirreffs, S. M. (2010). Dehydration and rehydration in competative sport. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 20(3), 40-47.
  • McManus, C. J., Murray, K. A., ve Parry, D. A. (2017). Applied sports nutrition support, dietary intake and body composition changes of a female athlete completing 26 marathons in 26 days: A case study. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 16(1), 112-116
  • Montgomery, M. M., Marttinen, R. H., ve Galpin, A. J. (2017). Comparison of body fat results from 4 bioelectrical impedance analysis devices vs. air displacement plethysmography in American adolescent wrestlers. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 5(4), 18-25.
  • Moon, J. R. (2013). Body composition in athletes and sports nutrition: an examination of the bioimpedance analysis technique. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 67(1), S54-S59.
  • Nickerson, B. S., Snarr, R. L., ve Ryan, G. A. (2019). Validity of foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance for estimating body composition in NCAA division I male athletes: A 3-compartment model comparison. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 33(12), 3361-3366.
  • Olson, B. R., Forman, M. R., Lanza, E., McAdam, P. A., Beecher, G., Kimzey, L. M., ... ve Guttsches-Ebeling, B. (1996). Relation between sodium balance and menstrual cycle symptoms in normal women. Annals of Internal Medicine, 125(7), 564-567.
  • Patel, S., Rauf, A., Khan, H., ve Abu-Izneid, T. (2017). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAAS): The ubiquitous system for homeostasis and pathologies. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 94, 317-325.
  • Rael, B., Alfaro-Magallanes, V.M., Romero-Parra, N., Castro, E.A., Cupeiro, R., ve Janse de Jonge, X.A. (2020). Menstrual cycle phases influence on cardiorespiratory response to exercise in endurance-trained females. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 860-871.
  • Rashmi, R., ve Snekhalatha, U. (2019). Evaluation of body composition parameters using various diagnostic methods: A meta-analysis study. Obesity Medicine, 16, 100150.
  • Richardson, J.T.E. (2011). Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational Research Review, 6(2):135-47.
  • Ritchie, J. D., Miller, C. K., ve Smiciklas-Wright, H. (2005). Tanita foot-to-foot bioelectrical impedance analysis system validated in older adults. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 105(10), 1617-1619.
  • Sims, S. T., Rehrer, N. J., Bell, M. L., ve Cotter, J. D. (2008). Endogenous and exogenous female sex hormones and renal electrolyte handling: effects of an acute sodium load on plasma volume at rest. Journal of Applied Physiology, 105(1), 121-127.
  • Stachoń, A. J. (2016). Menstrual changes in body composition of female athletes. Collegium Antropologicum, 40(2), 111-122.
  • Son, J. W., Han, B. D., Bennett, J. P., Heymsfield, S., ve Lim, S. (2025). Development and clinical application of bioelectrical impedance analysis method for body composition assessment. Obesity Reviews, 26(1), e13844.
  • Stachenfeld, N. S. (2008). Sex hormone effects on body fluid regulation. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 36(3), 152-159.
  • Stachenfeld, N. S. (2014). Hormonal changes during menopause and the impact on fluid regulation. Reproductive Sciences, 21(5), 555-561.
  • Stachenfeld, N. S., ve Taylor, H. S. (2004). Effects of estrogen and progesterone administration on extracellular fluid. Journal of Applied Physiology, 96(3), 1011-1018.
  • Teixeira, A.L., Dias, M.R., Damasceno, V.O., Lamounier, J.A., ve Gardner, R.M. (2013). Association between different phases of menstrual cycle and body image measures of perceived size, ideal size, and body dissatisfaction. Percept Motor Skills, 117(3):892-902.
  • Thompson, B. ve Han, A. (2009). Methodological recommendations for menstrual cycle research in sports and exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 51(12), 2610-2617.
  • Tomazo-Ravnik, T., ve Jakopič, V. (2006). Changes in total body water and body fat in young women in the course of menstrual cycle. International Journal of Anthropology, 21(1), 55-60.
  • Vasold, K. L., Parks, A. C., Phelan, D. M., Pontifex, M. B., ve Pivarnik, J. M. (2019). Reliability and validity of commercially available low-cost bioelectrical impedance analysis. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 29(4), 406-410.
  • Walker, E. J., Aughey, R. J., McLaughlin, P., ve McAinch, A. J. (2022). Seasonal change in body composition and physique of team sport athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 36(2), 565-572.
  • White, C.P., Hitchcock, C.L., Vigna, Y.M., ve Prior, J.C. (2011). Fluid retention over the menstrual cycle: 1-year data from the prospective ovulation cohort. Obstetrics and Gynecology International.
  • Winter, E., Eston, R., ve Lamb, K. L. (2001). Statistical analyses in the physiology of exercise and kinanthropometry, Journal of Sports Sciences, 19(10), 761-775.
Toplam 57 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Egzersiz Fizyolojisi, Kinantropometri
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Tahir Hazır 0000-0002-0048-0281

Aysu Akın 0000-0002-6194-7789

Yunus Emre Ekinci 0000-0002-1799-2742

Ayşe Kin İşler 0000-0001-9651-2067

Proje Numarası Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK 1002 Projeleri kapsamında desteklenmiştir (Proje Numarası: 222S830)
Yayımlanma Tarihi 5 Aralık 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 23 Ekim 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 36 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Hazır, T., Akın, A., Ekinci, Y. E., Kin İşler, A. (2025). Elden Ayağa ve Ayaktan Ayağa Biyoelektrik İmpedans Yöntemi ile Vücut Kompozisyonun Değerlendirilmesi: Menstrual Döngünün Etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 36(4), 333-345. https://doi.org/10.17644/sbd.1760782
 Kapak Resmi İndir

9551


SPOR BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ


Yayın hakkı © Hacettepe Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi