Tayfur Sökmen Kampüs Kazısı'ndan bir grup geç antik dönem tekne örnekleri

Abstract

Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Tayfur Sökmen Kampüsü’nde tespit edilen çiftlik yerleşiminde 2012-2014 yılları arasında kazı çalışmaları Hatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Arkeoloji Bölümü ve Hatay Arkeoloji Müzesi tarafından gerçekleştirilmiştir. Amik Ovası ve Kilikya Bölgesi’ne uzanan yollar ile Amanos Dağları’nın doğu yamacında konumlanan bu çiftlik yerleşimi özellikle seramik buluntuları ışığında ağırlıklı olarak Geç Antik Döneme tarihlenmektedir. Yapının konumu hem tarım için gerekli olan geniş arazi alanlarına hem de kıyı bölgelerine ge¬çişi sağlayan ticaret yollarına yakın olmasına olanak tanımıştır. Kazı çalışmalarında ele geçen günlük kullanım seramikleri arasında bulunan Geç Antik Döneme ait tekne örnekleri bu çalışmanın konusunu oluşturur. Tekne formları kullanıma yönelik olarak az miktarda gıda ürününün depolanması veya yemek hazırlama aşamasında tercih edilmiştir. Diğer yandan bu kap formlarının konut alanları, dükkanlar ve çiftlik komplekslerinde yoğunluk göstermesi bölgenin tarımsal faaliyetlerine bağlı olarak üreticiden tüketiciye ne oranda ürün aktarımının olduğunu ve yerel mutfak kültürüne dair bilgilere ulaşılmasında da etkilidir. Özellikle ithal örneklerin varlığı bölgenin ticari ilişkilerine farklı bir bakış açısı sunması açısından önemlidir. Tekneler ışığında Tayfur Sökmen çiftlik yerleşiminin hem yakın çevresindeki hem de uzak bölgelerdeki tarımsal organizasyonla ilişkisi ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, söz konusu kapların kırsal ve gündelik yaşam içerisindeki çok yönlü kullanım biçimleri açıklanmıştır. Çalışma sayesinde Geç Antik Dönem tarımsal üretimi, elde edilen ürünler ve dönemin mutfaklarında teknelerin kullanımına ilişkin önemli bilgiler edinilmiştir. Tekneler, önce ana tiplere, ardından alt tiplere ayrılarak tipolojik çeşitlilik ortaya konmuştur. Tipolojik olarak sınıflandırılan bu tekne örnekleri MS 3.–7. yüzyıllar arasına tarihlenmekte ve gündelik yaşamda yoğun olarak kullanıldıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Bu kaplar üzerinde yapılan analojik çalışmalar sonucunda benzer örneklerin özellikle Kilikya ve Kuzey Suriye’de bulunduğu saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte, bu kapların benzer formlarına İspanya’dan Levant Bölgesi’ne, Kuzey Afrika’dan Anadolu ve Ege’ye kadar uzanan geniş bir coğrafyada rastlanmıştır. Geniş bir perspektifle yürütülen bu analoji çalışmaları neticesinde, söz konusu teknelerin tüm Akdenizde yaygın bir kullanım ve dağılıma sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tayfur Sökmen Kampüs kazılarında yalnızca tekne formları özelinde gerçekleştirilen bu araştırma, Antiokheia ve yakın çevresi için ilk olma niteliğini taşıması açısından da önemlidir.

Keywords

• antiokheia
• seramik
• tekne
• çiftlik yerleşimi
• genç antik dönem

Supporting Institution

Destekleyen herhangi bir kurum bulunmamaktadır.

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma etik kurul onayı gerektirmemektedir.

Thanks

Teşekkür edilecek herhangi bir kişi veya kurum bulunmamaktadır.

A group of late antique basin samples from the tayfur sökmen campus excavation

Abstract

Excavations at the farm settlement identified in the Tayfur Sökmen Campus of Hatay Mustafa Kemal University were carried out between 2012 and 2014 by the Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Archaeology Department and the Hatay Archaeology Museum. This rural settlement, located on the eastern slopes of the Amanus Mountains, by the roads leading to the Amuq Plain and the Cilicia region, is predominantly dated to the Late Antique Period, particularly based on ceramic finds. The location of the structure allowed it to be close to both the large land areas required for agriculture and the trade routes that provided access to coastal areas. The subject of this study is a collection of Late Antique basin examples found among the common wares recovered during excavations. These basin forms were preferred for storing small amounts of food or for meal preparation. Furthermore, the prevalence of these vessel forms in residential areas, shops, and farm complexes also provides insights into the extent of product transfer from producer to consumer, based on the region's agricultural activities, and provides insights into local culinary culture. The presence of imported examples is particularly important, offering a different perspective on the region's trade relations. In the light of the basins, the relationship between the Tayfur Sökmen rural settlement and the agricultural organization in both the immediate surroundings and the distant regions was tried to be revealed. In this context, the versatile uses of these vessels in rural and daily life have been explained. This study has yielded important information regarding agricultural production, harvested goods, and the use of basins in the kitchens of the period. The basins were first divided into main types and then into subtypes to reveal typological diversity. These basin examples, classified typologically, date back to the 3rd–7th centuries AD and are understood to have been used extensively in daily life. As a result of analogous studies on these vessels, it was determined that similar examples were found especially in Cilicia and Northern Syria. Furthermore, similar forms of these vessels have been found across a wide geography, from Spain to the Levant, from North Africa to Anatolia and the Aegean. These broad-based analogy studies have determined that these basins were widely used and distributed throughout the Mediterranean. This research, conducted exclusively on basin forms during the Tayfur Sökmen Campus excavations, is also significant because it represents the first of its kind for Antiocheia and its surrounding area.

Keywords

• antiocheia
• pottery
• basin
• rural settlement
• late antiquity

Supporting Institution

This study was not supported by any funding organization.

Ethical Statement

This study does not require ethics committee approval.

Thanks

There are no individuals or organizations to thank.

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