Determination of Indoor Radon Concentration and Effective Dose Equivalent at Workplaces of Afyonkarahisar Province

Hüseyin Ali Yalım; Ayla Gümüş; Rıdvan Ünal

doi:10.29233/sdufeffd.442298

Research Article

Determination of Indoor Radon Concentration and Effective Dose Equivalent at Workplaces of Afyonkarahisar Province

Year 2018, , 29 - 35, 30.11.2018

Hüseyin Ali Yalım , Ayla Gümüş , Rıdvan Ünal

https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.442298

Cited By: 7

Abstract

It is commonly known that people are exposed to radon and its progenies since they spend about 35% of daytime at workplaces. This exposure has been reported to be more than 50% of the natural radiation. Therefore, determination of indoor radon concentration has been widely conducted by the scientists. This work presents indoor radon measurements and the associated annual dose equivalentsobtained in 28 public buildings of the Afyonkarahisar province. The survey was conducted using passive nuclear track detectors and repeated quarterly during a year.The investigation focused on the seasonal and regional effects in indoor radon concentration anomalies. The measured values ranged from 13 Bq.m^-3to 1932 Bq.m^-3, whereas the calculated average values were in the range of 21,75 Bq.m^-3and 1032,50Bq.m^-3. Moreover, the mean indoor radon concentration and the corresponding annual dose equivalent valueswere obtained as 158,83±13,16Bq.m^-3and 1,25±0,10mSv.y^-1, respectively.

Keywords

Indoor radon concentration, Annual dose equivalent, Nuclear track detectors, Workplaces, Afyonkarahisar

References

S. Oikawa, N. Kanno, T. Sanada, N. Ohashi, M. Uesugi, K. Sato, J. Abukawa, and H. Higuchi, “A nationwide survey of outdoor radon concentration in Japan,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 65 (2), pp. 203-213, 2003.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), “Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiations,” Report to the General Assembly on the effects of atomic radiation. United Nations, New York, 1993.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), “Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation.,” In: Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes, vol. I. United Nations, New York, 2000.
F. Bochicchio, F Forastiere, D. Abeni, and E. Rapiti, “Epidemiologic studies on lung cancer and residential exposure to radon in Italy and other countries,” Radiat. Prot. Dosim., vol. 78 (1), pp. 33-38, 1998.
R.W. Field, D.J. Steck, B.J. Smith et al., “Residential gas exposure and lung cancer: the Iowa Radon Lung Cancer Study,” Am. J. Epidemiol., vol. 151 (11), pp. 101-102, 2000.
D.L. Henshaw, J.P. Eatough, and R.B. Richardson, “Radon as a causative factor in the induction of myeloid leukaemia and other cancers in adults and children?” The Lancet, vol. 335, pp. 1008-1015, 1990.
ICRP., “Protection Against Radon-222 at Home and at Work,” ICRP Publication, Annals of the ICRP Publication, 65, 23(2), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1-262, 1993.
WHO (World Health Organization), “Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health Perspective,” WHO press, Geneva, 2009.
S.A. Durrani, R.K. Bull, and D.Ter. Haar, “Solid State Nuclear Track Detection: Principles, Methods and Applications,” ISBN: 978-0-08-020605-9, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1987.
R.L. Fleischer, P.B.Price, R.M. Walker, “Nuclear Tracks in Solids, Principlesand Applications,” University of California Press, Berkeley, USA, 1975.
H.A. Khan, I.E. Qureshi, M. Tufail, “Passive dosimetry of radon and its daughters using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs),” Radiat Prot Dosimetry, vol. 46 (3), pp. 149–170, 1993.
A.A. Qureshi, D.M. Kakar, M. Akram, N.U. Khattak, K. Mehmood, K. Jamil, and H.A. Khan, “Radon concentration in coal mines of Baluchistan. Pakistan,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 48 (2), pp. 203-209, 2000.
R. Fujiyoshi, K. Sakamoto, T. Imanishi, T. Sumiyoshi, S. Sawamura, J. Vaupotic, I. Kobal, “Meteorological parameters controlling variability of 222Rn activity concentration in soil gas at a site in Sapporo, Japan,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 370 (1), pp. 224-234, 2006.
C.Y. King and A. Minissale, “Seasonal variability of soilegas radon concentration in Central California,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 23 (4), pp. 683-692, 1994.
B. Collignan and E. Powaga, “Procedure for the characterization of radon potential in existing dwellings and to assess the annual average indoor radon concentration,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 137, pp. 64-70, 2014.
J. Dolejs and J. Hulka, “The weekly measurement deviations of indoor radon concentration from the annual arithmetic mean,” Radiat Prot Dosimetry, vol. 104 (3), pp. 253–258, 2003.
M.E. Kitto, “Interrelationship of indoor radon concentrations, soil-gas flux, and meteorological parameters,” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., vol. 264 (2), pp. 381-385, 2005.
T.N. Narasimhan, Y.W. Tsang, H.Y. Holman, “On the potential importance of transient air flow in advective radon entry into buildings,” Geophys. Res. Let., vol. 17 (6), pp. 821-824, 1990.
H. Papaefthymiou, A. Mavroudis, P. Kritidis, “Indoor radon levels and influencing factors in houses of Patras, Greece,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 65 (2), pp. 203-213, 2003.
Allen L. Robinson, and Richard G. Sextro, Radon entry into buildings driven by atmospheric pressure fluctuations. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31 (6), 1742-1748, 1997.
H.M. Al-Khateeb, A.A. Al-Qudah, F.Y. Alzoubi, M.K. Alqadi, K.M. Aljarrah, “Radon concentration and radon effective dose rate in dwellings of some villages in the district of Ajloun, Jordan,” Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 70, 8, 1579-1582, 2012.
A. Baeza, E. Navarro, C. Roldán, J.L. Ferrero, D. Juanes, J.A. Coebacho, and F.J. Guillén, “Indoor radon levels in buildi ngs in the autonomous community of Extremadura (Spain),” Radiat. Prot. Dosim., vol. 103, 3, pp. 263-268, 2003.
A. Ulug, M.T. Karabulut, and N.Celebi, “Radon measurements with CR-39 track detectors at specific locations in Turkey,” Nucl. Technol. Radiat. Prot., vol. 19, pp. 46-49, 2004.
S.A. Vaizoğlu, and Ç. Güler, “Indoor Radon Concentrations in Ankara Dwellings,” Indoor Built Environ., vol. 8, pp. 327, 1999.
Y. Yarar, T. Gunaydin, and N. Celebi, “Determination of radon concentrations of the Dikili geothermal area in Western Turkey,” Radiat Prot Dosimetry, Vol. 118 (1), pp. 78–81, 2006.
Ş. Kılınçarslan, and B. Akyol, “Investigation of the Effect of Selection of Construction Materials for Radiotherapy Centers,” ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A, vol. 130, 1, pp. 441-443, 2016.
F. Bochicchio, G. Campos-Venuti, S. Piermattei, et al., “Annual average and seasonal variations of residential radon concentration for all the Italian Regions,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 40, 2-6, pp. 686-694, 2005.
P. Bossew, and H. Lettner, “Investigations on indoor radon in Austria, Part 1: seasonality of indoor radon concentration,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 98 (3), pp. 329-345, 2007.
F.T. Cross, N.H. Hartley, and W. Hoffmann, “Health effects and risk from radon in drinking water,” Health Phys., vol. 48, 5, pp. 649-670, 1985.
M.H. Magalhães, E.C. Amaral, I. Sachett, and E.R. Rochedo, “Radon-222 in Brazil: an outline of indoor and outdoor measurements,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 67 (2), pp. 131-143, 2003.
M. Mihci, A. Buyuksarac, A. Aydemir, N. Celebi, “Indoor and outdoor Radon concentration measurements in Sivas, Turkey, in comparison with geological setting,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 101 (11), pp. 952-957, 2010.
V. Moreno, C. Baixeras, L. Font, and J. Bach, “Indoor radon levels and their dynamics in relation with the geological characteristics of La Garrotxa, Spain,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 43 (9-10), pp. 1532-1540, 2008.
Z. Zenginerler, F. Ertugral, H. Yakut, E. Tabar, N. Demirci, and K. Gunermelikoglu, “Measurement of Seasonal Indoor Radon Concentration in Sakarya University, Turkey,” ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A, vol. 130 (1), pp. 450-452, 2016.
R.H. Clarke, “ICRP recommendations applicable to the mining and minerals processing industries and to natural sources,” Health Physics, vol. 69 (4), pp. 454-460, 1995.
USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), “Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials,” Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 1999.
WHO (World Health Organization), “International Radon Project Survey on Radon Guidelines, Programmes and Activities,” WHO press, Geneva, 2007.
TAEA (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority-TAEK in Turkish acronym), “Radon gas in the indoor environment,” Technical report 2012/3, Ankara, 2012. (in Turkish)
Y. Erkan, H. Bayhan, Ü. Tolluoğlu, and E. Aydar, “Afyon Yöresi Metamorfik ve Volkanik kayaçlarının Petrografik ve Jeokimyasal İncelenmesi,” TÜBİTAK Proje Raporu. YBAG-0044/DPT Projesi Raporu, Ankara, 1996. (in Turkish)
S. Metin, Ş. Genç and V. Bulut, “Afyon ve dolayının jeolojisi,” MTA derleme No:8103, 74s. Ankara, 1987. (in Turkish)
K.M. Abumurad, M.K. Kullab, B.A. Al-Bataina, A.M. Ismail, and A. Lehlooh, “Estimate of radon concentrations inside houses in some Jordanian regions,” Mu’tah J. Res. Stud., vol. B9 (5), pp. 9-21, 1994.
B.A. Al-Bataina., A.M. Ismail, M.K. Kullab, K.M. Abumurad, and H. Mustafa., “Radon measurements in different types of natural waters in Jordan,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 28, pp. 591-594, 1997.
V.A. Nikolaev and R. Ilic ́, “Etched track radiometers in radon measurements: a review” Radiat. Meas., vol. 30, pp. 1-13, 1999.
RADOSYS, RS_Man81: User’s Manual. Radosys Kft, 2001.
K.N. Yu, B.M.F. Lau, Z.J. Guan, T.Y. Lo and C.M. Young, “Survey of the Rn dose conversion factor for offices” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 51, pp. 379-385, 2000.
M.K. Kullab, B.A. Al-Bataina, A.M. Ismail, and K.M. Abumurad, “Seasonal variation of radon-222 concentrations in specific locations in Jordan,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 34, 1-6, pp. 361-364, 2001.
S. Singh, A. Kumar, and B. Singh, “Radon level in dwellings and its correlation with uranium and radium content in some areas of Himachal Pradesh, India,” Environmental International, vol. 28, pp. 97–101, 2002.
S. Singh, R. Mehra, and K. Singh, “Seasonal variation of indoor radon in dwellings of Malwa region, Punjab,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 39 (40), pp. 7761-7767, 2005.
N. Sulekha Rao and D. Sengupta, “Seasonal levels of radon and thoron in the dwellings along southern coastal Orissa, Eastern India,” Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 68, 1, pp. 28-32, 2010.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), “Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiations,” United Nations, New York, 2000.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), “Ionizing Radiation: Exposure due to Natural Radiation Sources,” United Nations, New York, 2000.

Afyonkarahisar’daki İşyerlerinde Kapalı Ortam Radon Konsantrasyonunun ve Etkin Doz Oranının Belirlenmesi

Year 2018, , 29 - 35, 30.11.2018

Hüseyin Ali Yalım , Ayla Gümüş , Rıdvan Ünal

https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.442298

Cited By: 7

Abstract

Günün yaklaşık %35'ini işyerlerinde geçiren insanlar, kapalı olan bu ortamlarda, toplam doğal radyasyonun %50'sinden fazla olduğu bilinen radon ve bozunum ürünlerinden kaynaklanan ışınlanmaya maruz kalırlar. Bu nedenle, kapalı ortam radon konsantrasyonunun belirlenmesi çalışmaları bilim adamları tarafından yaygın bir şekilde yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışma, Afyonkarahisar vilayetindeki 28 kamu binasında elde edilen kapalı radon ölçümlerini ve ilişkili yıllık doz eşdeğerlerini sunmaktadır. Çalışma, CR-39 pasif nükleer iz detektörleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirildi ve bir yıl içinde dört kez tekrarlandı. Araştırmada kapalı radon konsantrasyon anomalilerinde üzerindeki mevsimsel ve bölgesel etkilere odaklanmıştır. Ölçülen değerler 13 Bq.m-3 ile 1,932 Bq.m-3 arasında değişirken, hesaplanan ortalama değerler 21.75 Bq.m-3 ile 1,032.50 Bq.m-3 arasındadır. İlaveten, incelenen işyerlerindeki ortalama kapalı ortam radon konsantrasyonu ve ilişkili yıllık ortalama doz eşdeğeri değerleri sırasıyla 158.83±13.16 Bq.m-3 ve 1.25±0.10 mSv.y-1 olarak elde edilmiştir.

Keywords

Kapalı ortam radon konsantrasyonu, Yıllık doz eşdeğeri, Nükleer iz detektörleri, İşyeri, Afyonkarahisar

References

S. Oikawa, N. Kanno, T. Sanada, N. Ohashi, M. Uesugi, K. Sato, J. Abukawa, and H. Higuchi, “A nationwide survey of outdoor radon concentration in Japan,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 65 (2), pp. 203-213, 2003.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), “Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiations,” Report to the General Assembly on the effects of atomic radiation. United Nations, New York, 1993.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), “Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation.,” In: Report to the General Assembly with Scientific Annexes, vol. I. United Nations, New York, 2000.
F. Bochicchio, F Forastiere, D. Abeni, and E. Rapiti, “Epidemiologic studies on lung cancer and residential exposure to radon in Italy and other countries,” Radiat. Prot. Dosim., vol. 78 (1), pp. 33-38, 1998.
R.W. Field, D.J. Steck, B.J. Smith et al., “Residential gas exposure and lung cancer: the Iowa Radon Lung Cancer Study,” Am. J. Epidemiol., vol. 151 (11), pp. 101-102, 2000.
D.L. Henshaw, J.P. Eatough, and R.B. Richardson, “Radon as a causative factor in the induction of myeloid leukaemia and other cancers in adults and children?” The Lancet, vol. 335, pp. 1008-1015, 1990.
ICRP., “Protection Against Radon-222 at Home and at Work,” ICRP Publication, Annals of the ICRP Publication, 65, 23(2), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1-262, 1993.
WHO (World Health Organization), “Handbook on Indoor Radon: A Public Health Perspective,” WHO press, Geneva, 2009.
S.A. Durrani, R.K. Bull, and D.Ter. Haar, “Solid State Nuclear Track Detection: Principles, Methods and Applications,” ISBN: 978-0-08-020605-9, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1987.
R.L. Fleischer, P.B.Price, R.M. Walker, “Nuclear Tracks in Solids, Principlesand Applications,” University of California Press, Berkeley, USA, 1975.
H.A. Khan, I.E. Qureshi, M. Tufail, “Passive dosimetry of radon and its daughters using solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs),” Radiat Prot Dosimetry, vol. 46 (3), pp. 149–170, 1993.
A.A. Qureshi, D.M. Kakar, M. Akram, N.U. Khattak, K. Mehmood, K. Jamil, and H.A. Khan, “Radon concentration in coal mines of Baluchistan. Pakistan,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 48 (2), pp. 203-209, 2000.
R. Fujiyoshi, K. Sakamoto, T. Imanishi, T. Sumiyoshi, S. Sawamura, J. Vaupotic, I. Kobal, “Meteorological parameters controlling variability of 222Rn activity concentration in soil gas at a site in Sapporo, Japan,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 370 (1), pp. 224-234, 2006.
C.Y. King and A. Minissale, “Seasonal variability of soilegas radon concentration in Central California,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 23 (4), pp. 683-692, 1994.
B. Collignan and E. Powaga, “Procedure for the characterization of radon potential in existing dwellings and to assess the annual average indoor radon concentration,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 137, pp. 64-70, 2014.
J. Dolejs and J. Hulka, “The weekly measurement deviations of indoor radon concentration from the annual arithmetic mean,” Radiat Prot Dosimetry, vol. 104 (3), pp. 253–258, 2003.
M.E. Kitto, “Interrelationship of indoor radon concentrations, soil-gas flux, and meteorological parameters,” J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., vol. 264 (2), pp. 381-385, 2005.
T.N. Narasimhan, Y.W. Tsang, H.Y. Holman, “On the potential importance of transient air flow in advective radon entry into buildings,” Geophys. Res. Let., vol. 17 (6), pp. 821-824, 1990.
H. Papaefthymiou, A. Mavroudis, P. Kritidis, “Indoor radon levels and influencing factors in houses of Patras, Greece,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 65 (2), pp. 203-213, 2003.
Allen L. Robinson, and Richard G. Sextro, Radon entry into buildings driven by atmospheric pressure fluctuations. Environ. Sci. Technol., 31 (6), 1742-1748, 1997.
H.M. Al-Khateeb, A.A. Al-Qudah, F.Y. Alzoubi, M.K. Alqadi, K.M. Aljarrah, “Radon concentration and radon effective dose rate in dwellings of some villages in the district of Ajloun, Jordan,” Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 70, 8, 1579-1582, 2012.
A. Baeza, E. Navarro, C. Roldán, J.L. Ferrero, D. Juanes, J.A. Coebacho, and F.J. Guillén, “Indoor radon levels in buildi ngs in the autonomous community of Extremadura (Spain),” Radiat. Prot. Dosim., vol. 103, 3, pp. 263-268, 2003.
A. Ulug, M.T. Karabulut, and N.Celebi, “Radon measurements with CR-39 track detectors at specific locations in Turkey,” Nucl. Technol. Radiat. Prot., vol. 19, pp. 46-49, 2004.
S.A. Vaizoğlu, and Ç. Güler, “Indoor Radon Concentrations in Ankara Dwellings,” Indoor Built Environ., vol. 8, pp. 327, 1999.
Y. Yarar, T. Gunaydin, and N. Celebi, “Determination of radon concentrations of the Dikili geothermal area in Western Turkey,” Radiat Prot Dosimetry, Vol. 118 (1), pp. 78–81, 2006.
Ş. Kılınçarslan, and B. Akyol, “Investigation of the Effect of Selection of Construction Materials for Radiotherapy Centers,” ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A, vol. 130, 1, pp. 441-443, 2016.
F. Bochicchio, G. Campos-Venuti, S. Piermattei, et al., “Annual average and seasonal variations of residential radon concentration for all the Italian Regions,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 40, 2-6, pp. 686-694, 2005.
P. Bossew, and H. Lettner, “Investigations on indoor radon in Austria, Part 1: seasonality of indoor radon concentration,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 98 (3), pp. 329-345, 2007.
F.T. Cross, N.H. Hartley, and W. Hoffmann, “Health effects and risk from radon in drinking water,” Health Phys., vol. 48, 5, pp. 649-670, 1985.
M.H. Magalhães, E.C. Amaral, I. Sachett, and E.R. Rochedo, “Radon-222 in Brazil: an outline of indoor and outdoor measurements,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 67 (2), pp. 131-143, 2003.
M. Mihci, A. Buyuksarac, A. Aydemir, N. Celebi, “Indoor and outdoor Radon concentration measurements in Sivas, Turkey, in comparison with geological setting,” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 101 (11), pp. 952-957, 2010.
V. Moreno, C. Baixeras, L. Font, and J. Bach, “Indoor radon levels and their dynamics in relation with the geological characteristics of La Garrotxa, Spain,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 43 (9-10), pp. 1532-1540, 2008.
Z. Zenginerler, F. Ertugral, H. Yakut, E. Tabar, N. Demirci, and K. Gunermelikoglu, “Measurement of Seasonal Indoor Radon Concentration in Sakarya University, Turkey,” ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A, vol. 130 (1), pp. 450-452, 2016.
R.H. Clarke, “ICRP recommendations applicable to the mining and minerals processing industries and to natural sources,” Health Physics, vol. 69 (4), pp. 454-460, 1995.
USEPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), “Guidelines for Exposure to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials,” Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US), 1999.
WHO (World Health Organization), “International Radon Project Survey on Radon Guidelines, Programmes and Activities,” WHO press, Geneva, 2007.
TAEA (Turkish Atomic Energy Authority-TAEK in Turkish acronym), “Radon gas in the indoor environment,” Technical report 2012/3, Ankara, 2012. (in Turkish)
Y. Erkan, H. Bayhan, Ü. Tolluoğlu, and E. Aydar, “Afyon Yöresi Metamorfik ve Volkanik kayaçlarının Petrografik ve Jeokimyasal İncelenmesi,” TÜBİTAK Proje Raporu. YBAG-0044/DPT Projesi Raporu, Ankara, 1996. (in Turkish)
S. Metin, Ş. Genç and V. Bulut, “Afyon ve dolayının jeolojisi,” MTA derleme No:8103, 74s. Ankara, 1987. (in Turkish)
K.M. Abumurad, M.K. Kullab, B.A. Al-Bataina, A.M. Ismail, and A. Lehlooh, “Estimate of radon concentrations inside houses in some Jordanian regions,” Mu’tah J. Res. Stud., vol. B9 (5), pp. 9-21, 1994.
B.A. Al-Bataina., A.M. Ismail, M.K. Kullab, K.M. Abumurad, and H. Mustafa., “Radon measurements in different types of natural waters in Jordan,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 28, pp. 591-594, 1997.
V.A. Nikolaev and R. Ilic ́, “Etched track radiometers in radon measurements: a review” Radiat. Meas., vol. 30, pp. 1-13, 1999.
RADOSYS, RS_Man81: User’s Manual. Radosys Kft, 2001.
K.N. Yu, B.M.F. Lau, Z.J. Guan, T.Y. Lo and C.M. Young, “Survey of the Rn dose conversion factor for offices” J. Environ. Radioact., vol. 51, pp. 379-385, 2000.
M.K. Kullab, B.A. Al-Bataina, A.M. Ismail, and K.M. Abumurad, “Seasonal variation of radon-222 concentrations in specific locations in Jordan,” Radiat. Meas., vol. 34, 1-6, pp. 361-364, 2001.
S. Singh, A. Kumar, and B. Singh, “Radon level in dwellings and its correlation with uranium and radium content in some areas of Himachal Pradesh, India,” Environmental International, vol. 28, pp. 97–101, 2002.
S. Singh, R. Mehra, and K. Singh, “Seasonal variation of indoor radon in dwellings of Malwa region, Punjab,” Atmospheric Environment, vol. 39 (40), pp. 7761-7767, 2005.
N. Sulekha Rao and D. Sengupta, “Seasonal levels of radon and thoron in the dwellings along southern coastal Orissa, Eastern India,” Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol. 68, 1, pp. 28-32, 2010.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), “Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiations,” United Nations, New York, 2000.
UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation), “Ionizing Radiation: Exposure due to Natural Radiation Sources,” United Nations, New York, 2000.

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Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Metrology, Applied and Industrial Physics
Journal Section	Makaleler
Authors	Hüseyin Ali Yalım 0000-0002-9452-7844 Ayla Gümüş 0000-0002-2021-6840 Rıdvan Ünal 0000-0001-6842-7471
Publication Date	November 30, 2018
Published in Issue	Year 2018

Cite

IEEE	H. A. Yalım, A. Gümüş, and R. Ünal, “Determination of Indoor Radon Concentration and Effective Dose Equivalent at Workplaces of Afyonkarahisar Province”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 29–35, 2018, doi: 10.29233/sdufeffd.442298.