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Quantitative Analysis for RBS and PIXE Spectrums of Thin Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Films

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 107 - 120, 27.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.848108

Abstract

The objective of this work is to introduce a different technique to existing studies that determine the stoichiometric ratios of thin CZTS structures. To this end, the CZTS targets were propagated by sol-gel process and later RBS and PIXE spectra were achieved by irradiating these samples with protons of 3.034 MeV energy into microbeam chamber. RBS spectrum was taken with RBS detector and PIXE spectra were collected with IGe and SDD detectors. As energy calibration was performed to these spectra and the RBS spectrum was fixed with the SIMNRA simulation program and the PIXE spectra adjusted with the Gaussian function. In the RBS spectrum, quantitative analysis measurements could not be performed due to the presence of Mo peak, which supplies electrical conductivity, while PIXE spectra results close to expected values. For this, least squares regression method were carried out PIXE spectra for the reference material, and the analytical elemental amount ratios for CZTS were specified with the calibration coefficients found. It was observed that the results acquired with the SDD detector were convenient with the required values, except sulfur content. This technique is a fast and simple method that can be employed analytically to help improve the accuracy of the existing methods in the literature that used to determine the constituent quantities and the depth analysis of thin films. However, this method should be compared with inverse least squares model or eigenvector quantitative analysis methods.

Thanks

Thank you to Professor Žiga Šmit for making the CZTS samples irradiated.

References

  • [1] C. Li, X. Hao, Y. L. He, J. Q. Zhang, L. L. Wu, W. Li, et al., "Identification of deep level defects in CdTe solar cells using transient photo-capacitance spectroscopy," Jpn. J. Appl. Phy., 60, SBBF01, 2021.
  • [2] Z. F. Yang, W. Chen, A. Mei, Q. T. Li, and Y. L. Liu, "Flexible MAPbI(3) perovskite solar cells with the high efficiency of 16.11% by low-temperature synthesis of compact anatase TiO2 film," J. Alloy. Compd., 854, 155488, 2021.
  • [3] M. Beres, K. M. Yu, J. Syzdek, and S. S. Mao, "Stoichiometry control in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition," Mater. Chem. Phys., 205, 90-96, 2018.
  • [4] C. Malerba, F. Biccari, C. L. Azanza Ricardo, M. Valentini, R. Chierchia, M. Müller, et al., "CZTS stoichiometry effects on the band gap energy," J. Alloy. Compd., 582, 528-534, 2014.
  • [5] A. Tang, J. Liu, J. Ji, M. Dou, Z. Li, and F. Wang, "One-step electrodeposition for targeted off-stoichiometry Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films," Appl. Surf. Sci., 383, 253-260, 2016.
  • [6] A. E. Rakhshani, "Solution-grown near-stoichiometry Cu2ZnSnS4 films: Optical transitions and defect levels," J. Alloy. Compd., 675, 387-392, 2016.
  • [7] S. Kahraman, S. Çetinkaya, H. A. Çetinkara, and H. S. Güder, "A comparative study of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films growth by successive ionic layer adsorption–reaction and sol-gel methods," Thin Solid Films, 550, 36-39, 2014.
  • [8] M. Usta, "Energy loss analysis from RBS spectrum of thin Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) film," Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8, 61-68, 2019.
  • [9] L. E. G. J. M. Siegel, Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951.
  • [10] W. K. Chu, J. W. Mayer, and M. A. Nicolet, Backscattering spectrometry: Academic Press, 1978.
  • [11] W. Eckstein and M. Mayer, "Rutherford backscattering from layered structures beyond the single scattering model," Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 153, 337-344, 1999.
  • [12] J. A. Maxwell, J. L. Campbell, and W. J. Teesdale, "The Guelph PIXE software package," Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 43, 218-230, 1989.
  • [13] C. G. Ryan, D. R. Cousens, S. H. Sie, and W. L. Griffin, "Quantitative analysis of PIXE spectra in geoscience applications," Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 49, 271-276, 1990.

İnce Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Filmlerin RBS ve PIXE Spektrumları İçin Nicel Analiz

Year 2021, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 107 - 120, 27.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.29233/sdufeffd.848108

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ince CZTS yapılarının stokiyometrik oranlarını belirleyen mevcut çalışmalara farklı bir teknik sunmaktır. Bu amaçla, CZTS hedefleri sol-jel yöntemi ile üretilmiş ve daha sonra bu numuneleri 3.034 MeV enerjili protonlarla mikro ışın odasında ışınlayarak RBS ve PIXE spektrumları elde edilmiştir. RBS spektrumu RBS detektörü ile ve PIXE spektrumları ise IGe ve SDD detektörleri ile alınmıştır. Bu spektrumlara enerji kalibrasyonu yapılarak, RBS spektrumu SIMNRA simülasyon programı ile ve PIXE spektrumları Gauss fonksiyonu ile fit edildi. PIXE spektrum sonuçları beklenen değerlere yakın çıkarken RBS spektrumunda elektriksel iletkenliği sağlayan Mo pikinin varlığından dolayı kantitatif analiz ölçümleri yapılamadı. Bunun için PIXE spektrumlarına en küçük kareler regresyon yöntemi referans malzeme için uygulanmış ve bulunan kalibrasyon katsayıları ile CZTS için analitik temel miktar oranları belirlenmiştir. SDD dedektörü ile elde edilen sonuçların kükürt içeriği dışında istenen değerlere uygun olduğu görülmüştür. Bu teknik, ince filmlerin bileşen miktarlarını ve derinlik analizini belirlemek için kullanılan literatürdeki mevcut yöntemlerin doğruluğunu iyileştirmeye yardımcı olmak için analitik olarak kullanılabilen hızlı ve basit bir yöntemdir. Ancak bu yöntem, ters en küçük kareler modeli veya özvektör nicel analiz yöntemleriyle karşılaştırılmalıdır.

References

  • [1] C. Li, X. Hao, Y. L. He, J. Q. Zhang, L. L. Wu, W. Li, et al., "Identification of deep level defects in CdTe solar cells using transient photo-capacitance spectroscopy," Jpn. J. Appl. Phy., 60, SBBF01, 2021.
  • [2] Z. F. Yang, W. Chen, A. Mei, Q. T. Li, and Y. L. Liu, "Flexible MAPbI(3) perovskite solar cells with the high efficiency of 16.11% by low-temperature synthesis of compact anatase TiO2 film," J. Alloy. Compd., 854, 155488, 2021.
  • [3] M. Beres, K. M. Yu, J. Syzdek, and S. S. Mao, "Stoichiometry control in Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition," Mater. Chem. Phys., 205, 90-96, 2018.
  • [4] C. Malerba, F. Biccari, C. L. Azanza Ricardo, M. Valentini, R. Chierchia, M. Müller, et al., "CZTS stoichiometry effects on the band gap energy," J. Alloy. Compd., 582, 528-534, 2014.
  • [5] A. Tang, J. Liu, J. Ji, M. Dou, Z. Li, and F. Wang, "One-step electrodeposition for targeted off-stoichiometry Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films," Appl. Surf. Sci., 383, 253-260, 2016.
  • [6] A. E. Rakhshani, "Solution-grown near-stoichiometry Cu2ZnSnS4 films: Optical transitions and defect levels," J. Alloy. Compd., 675, 387-392, 2016.
  • [7] S. Kahraman, S. Çetinkaya, H. A. Çetinkara, and H. S. Güder, "A comparative study of Cu2ZnSnS4 thin films growth by successive ionic layer adsorption–reaction and sol-gel methods," Thin Solid Films, 550, 36-39, 2014.
  • [8] M. Usta, "Energy loss analysis from RBS spectrum of thin Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) film," Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 8, 61-68, 2019.
  • [9] L. E. G. J. M. Siegel, Radiochemical Studies: The Fission Products. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1951.
  • [10] W. K. Chu, J. W. Mayer, and M. A. Nicolet, Backscattering spectrometry: Academic Press, 1978.
  • [11] W. Eckstein and M. Mayer, "Rutherford backscattering from layered structures beyond the single scattering model," Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 153, 337-344, 1999.
  • [12] J. A. Maxwell, J. L. Campbell, and W. J. Teesdale, "The Guelph PIXE software package," Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 43, 218-230, 1989.
  • [13] C. G. Ryan, D. R. Cousens, S. H. Sie, and W. L. Griffin, "Quantitative analysis of PIXE spectra in geoscience applications," Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B, 49, 271-276, 1990.
There are 13 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Metrology, Applied and Industrial Physics
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Metin Usta 0000-0002-7896-397X

Publication Date May 27, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE M. Usta, “Quantitative Analysis for RBS and PIXE Spectrums of Thin Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) Films”, Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Arts and Science Journal of Science, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 107–120, 2021, doi: 10.29233/sdufeffd.848108.