Research Article

Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream

Volume: 30 Number: 1 April 24, 2026
TR EN

Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive flood risk assessment for Keçi Stream, situated in the Sapanca district of Sakarya Province, Turkey, through the application of one-dimensional (1D) hydraulic modeling using the HEC-RAS software. Annual maximum discharge data recorded between 2014 and 2025 were analyzed utilizing the Log-Pearson Type III distribution to estimate design flood discharges corresponding to various return periods ranging from 2 to 500 years (Q2–Q500). To assess potential future flood dynamics, four distinct scenarios were constructed, including amplified discharge rates (2-, 5-, and 10-fold increases), reflecting the possible effects of climate change and urban expansion. Topographical characteristics of the study area were accurately represented through a refined Digital Elevation Model (DEM), integrated within a Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. Hydraulic simulations were conducted under steady-state flow conditions, incorporating stream geometry, defined cross-sections, and boundary constraints. Modeling outcomes under baseline conditions indicate minimal floodplain encroachment. However, in higher-discharge scenarios, results demonstrate significant inundation beyond the streambanks, potentially affecting an area of up to 600,000 m² and endangering approximately 200 structures, including residential and agricultural assets.The findings reveal the insufficiency of existing hydraulic infrastructure in accommodating high-magnitude flood events and underscore the increasing flood vulnerability due to anthropogenic and climatic pressures. The study advocates for a set of integrated structural and non-structural mitigation strategies, such as channel improvements, land-use regulation, floodplain preservation, and real-time early warning systems..

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Civil Geotechnical Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

April 24, 2026

Submission Date

October 6, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 7, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 30 Number: 1

APA
Jafali, H., Kazar, Y. E., Ezer, T. T., Ceyhunlu, A. I., & Çeribaşı, G. (2026). Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30(1), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1798233
AMA
1.Jafali H, Kazar YE, Ezer TT, Ceyhunlu AI, Çeribaşı G. Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2026;30(1):137-146. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.1798233
Chicago
Jafali, Halid, Yunus Emre Kazar, Taha Tolga Ezer, Ahmet Iyad Ceyhunlu, and Gökmen Çeribaşı. 2026. “Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 30 (1): 137-46. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1798233.
EndNote
Jafali H, Kazar YE, Ezer TT, Ceyhunlu AI, Çeribaşı G (April 1, 2026) Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 30 1 137–146.
IEEE
[1]H. Jafali, Y. E. Kazar, T. T. Ezer, A. I. Ceyhunlu, and G. Çeribaşı, “Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream”, J. Nat. Appl. Sci., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 137–146, Apr. 2026, doi: 10.19113/sdufenbed.1798233.
ISNAD
Jafali, Halid - Kazar, Yunus Emre - Ezer, Taha Tolga - Ceyhunlu, Ahmet Iyad - Çeribaşı, Gökmen. “Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 30/1 (April 1, 2026): 137-146. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1798233.
JAMA
1.Jafali H, Kazar YE, Ezer TT, Ceyhunlu AI, Çeribaşı G. Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2026;30:137–146.
MLA
Jafali, Halid, et al. “Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 30, no. 1, Apr. 2026, pp. 137-46, doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.1798233.
Vancouver
1.Halid Jafali, Yunus Emre Kazar, Taha Tolga Ezer, Ahmet Iyad Ceyhunlu, Gökmen Çeribaşı. Flood Risk Management Under Return Period Scenarios Using Hydraulic Modeling: A Case Study of Keçi Stream. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2026 Apr. 1;30(1):137-46. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.1798233

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