Research Article

Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source

Volume: 30 Number: 2 August 25, 2026
TR EN

Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source

Abstract

In this study, the diamond timing detectors used in the Precision Proton Spectrometer (PPS) system of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN was modeled using a GEANT4-based Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation was created to include the Strontium-90 (Sr-90) radioactive source, collimator, diamond crystals, and electronic readout board as it was in the laboratory test setup. The aim is to provide a better understanding of the geometric and physical behavior of the experimental system. The simulation results were examined in terms of particle distribution, energy spectrum, and energy deposition in the detector channels. The simulation showed that the signal generated by the detector mostly came from high-energy 𝛽- particles originating from Yttrium-90 (Y-90) decay. Additionally, the rate of particles per second on the detector channels has been extracted for three different distances between the source and the detector, enabling the prediction of behavior under different systems.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University; Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mining Research Agency (TENMAK)

Project Number

FUA-2022-39051; 2025TENMAK(CERN)A5.H3.F2-07

Ethical Statement

In this study, we undertake that all the rules required to be followed within the scope of the "Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive" are complied with, and that none of the actions stated under the heading "Actions Against Scientific Research and Publication Ethics" are not carried out.

Thanks

The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Valentina Avati, Edoardo Bossini, Diego Figueiredo, Laurent Forthomme, Francisco Garcia, Nicola Minafra, and Nicola Turini for their valuable contributions, insightful discussions, and continuous support throughout this work. We also warmly acknowledge the PPS colleagues for their collaboration, technical assistance, and constructive feedback, which were essential to the successful completion of this study. This study was partly funded by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University, project number FUA-2022-39051, and was also supported by Turkish Energy, Nuclear and Mining Research Agency (TENMAK), project number 2025TENMAK(CERN)A5.H3.F2-07.

References

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  5. [5] Kaynak, B. 2024. LHC’de CMS ileri bölgesi için dedektör sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi. Istanbul University, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, PhD Thesis, 201pg, Istanbul.
  6. [6] Minafra, N. 2016. Development of a timing detector for the TOTEM experiment at the LHC. University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Physics, PhD Thesis, 163pg, Bari.
  7. [7] Isidori, T. 2017. Diamond detectors for proton Time of Flight in CT-PPS and TOTEM experiments. University of Pisa, Department of Physics, Master's Thesis, 129pg, Pisa.
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Particle Physics

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

August 25, 2026

Submission Date

February 8, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 18, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 30 Number: 2

APA
Potok, O., Kaynak, B., & Özkorucuklu, S. (2026). Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 30(2), 90-98. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1883224
AMA
1.Potok O, Kaynak B, Özkorucuklu S. Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2026;30(2):90-98. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.1883224
Chicago
Potok, Onur, Berkan Kaynak, and Suat Özkorucuklu. 2026. “Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 30 (2): 90-98. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1883224.
EndNote
Potok O, Kaynak B, Özkorucuklu S (August 1, 2026) Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 30 2 90–98.
IEEE
[1]O. Potok, B. Kaynak, and S. Özkorucuklu, “Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source”, J. Nat. Appl. Sci., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 90–98, Aug. 2026, doi: 10.19113/sdufenbed.1883224.
ISNAD
Potok, Onur - Kaynak, Berkan - Özkorucuklu, Suat. “Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 30/2 (August 1, 2026): 90-98. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1883224.
JAMA
1.Potok O, Kaynak B, Özkorucuklu S. Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2026;30:90–98.
MLA
Potok, Onur, et al. “Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 30, no. 2, Aug. 2026, pp. 90-98, doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.1883224.
Vancouver
1.Onur Potok, Berkan Kaynak, Suat Özkorucuklu. Development of GEANT4 Monte Carlo Simulation of PPS Diamond Detector Behavior under Sr-90 Source. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2026 Aug. 1;30(2):90-8. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.1883224

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