The Determination of Essential and Fatty Oil Yields and Components of Ferula (Ferula gummosa Boiss.) Fruits

Abstract

Ferula gummosa Boiss essential oil is used in the cosmetics and perfumery industry in the world and it is an economically important member of the Apiaceae family. The present study was conducted to determine the essential and fixed oil yield and quality of Ferula fruits collected from natural flora in Mashadardehal region located in the northern part of Kashan province of Iran. The essential oil content of Ferula fruits were analyzed in Neo-Clavenger apparatus and fixed oil content was analyzed in NMR with 3 replications. Oil’s constituents were analyzed with GC-MS and GC-FID devices; respectively. The essential oil content of Ferula fruits was 5.62±0.24 and fixed oil content in fruit pulp after distillation was 14.146 ± 0.97%. The main components of the essential oil were found to be β-pinene (64.87%), Δ-3-carene (7.29%), α-pinene (4.60%) and β-myrcene (2.26%). The main components in fixed oil consisted of 13.0% saturated, 55.6% monounsaturated, 31.0% double unsaturated and 0.3% polyunsaturated fatty acids. The major components of fixed oil were petrocelinic (34.959%), linoleic (30.788%) and oleic acids (12.565%). Based on the results of the study it could be recommended that Ferula fruits could be used as a source for β-pinene and as sources for petrocelinic and linoleic acids due to their high fixed unsaturated oils. Therefore; F. gummosa fruits have the potential to be used for both edible oil and pharmaceutical-cosmetic oil source for the industry.

Keywords

• Ferula gummosa
• Distillation
• Extraction
• GC-MS

Ferula (Ferula gummosa Boiss.) Meyvelerinde Uçucu ve Sabit Yağ Verimleri ile Bileşenlerinin Belirlenmesi

Abstract

Ferula gummosa Boiss uçucu yağı dünyada kozmetik ve parfümeri sektöründe kullanılan Apiaceae familyasının ekonomik değeri yüksek üyelerinden biridir. Bu araştırmada Iran’ın Kashan ilinin kuzeyinde yer alan Mashadardehal bölgesinde doğal floradan toplanan Ferula meyvelerinin uçucu ve sabit yağ verimlilik ve kalitesinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. F. gummosa meyvelerinin uçucu yağ analizleri Neo-Clavenger tipi su distilasyon cihazında ve sabit yağ analizleri ise üç tekerrürlü olarak NMR cihazında, bileşen analizleri ise sırasıyla GC-MS ve GC-FID cihazlarında yapılmıştır. Ferula meyvelerinin 5.62±0.24 uçucu yağ ve uçucu yağ alındıktan sonra posaların %14.15 ± 0.97 sabit yağ içerdiği belirlenmiştir. Uçucu yağın ana bileşenlerinin β-pinene (%64.87), Δ-3-carene (%7.29), α-pinene (%4.60) ve β-myrcene (%2.26) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ferula sabit yağının %13.0’ü doymuş, %55.6’sı tekli doymamış, %31.0’i çiftli doymamış ve %0.3’ünün çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinden oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir. Sabit yağdaki ana bileşenlerin petroselinik (%34.959), linoleik (%30.788) ve oleik (%12.565) asit olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak; Ferula meyvelerinin yüksek uçucu yağ ve sabit yağ içermesi nedeniyle uçucu yağların β-pinene kaynağı olarak ve sabit yağların ise yüksek doymamışlık oranı ve petroselinik asit içeriğinden dolayı hem yenilenebilir hem de farmasötik ve oleo kimya endüstrisi için önemli potansiyeli mevcuttur.

Keywords

• Ferula gummosa
• Damıtma
• Ekstraksiyon
• GC-MS

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