Elemental Analysis of Hypericum triquetrifolium Species by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

The aim of this study is to explore the presence and content of metals; lead(Pb), Mercury(Hg), arsenic(As), selenium(Se) and semi-metals; aluminium (Al), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), Cobalt (Co), calcium (Ca), potassium(K) in aerial part of Hypericum triquetrifolium species collected from Adana-Tarsus by using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. A convenient microwave technique has been used at the stage of preparing the plant sample for analysis. As a result of ICP-MS measurements, heavy metals with high toxicity such as mercury (0.35±0.01mg.kg-1) and lead (6.36±0.25mg.kg-1), were determined, however other heavy metal such as arsenic and cadmium were not found in the plant sample. The results obtained showed that the alkaline earth metals, calcium (1226.780 ± 43.4 mg.kg-1) and potassium (10308 ± 103.7 mg.kg-1) contents were found to be quite high in the plant sample. The amounts of other elements analyzed in the plant species were; Se (129.8± 3.9 mg.kg-1) Al (373.95±17.1 mg.kg-1), Cu (12.6±0.7 mg.kg-1), Fe (609.3±24.1 mg.kg-1), Ni(8.7±0.4 mg.kg-1), Zn(25.2±1.2 mg.kg-1), Co (0.08±0.01mg.kg-1),respectively.

Keywords

• Hypericum triquetrifolium
• Microwave digestion
• ICP-MS
• Heavy metal

İndüktif Eşleşmiş Plazma-Kütle Spektrometresi ile Hypericum triquetrifolium Türünün Elementel Analizi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Adana-Tarsus bölgesinden toplanan Hypericum triquetrifolium bitkisinin topraküstü kısımındaki metaller; kurşun(Pb), civa(Hg), arsenik(As), selenyum(Se) ve yarı metaller; alüminyum (Al), kadmiyum (Cd) bakır (Cu), demir (Fe), nikel (Ni), çinko (Zn), kobalt (Co), kalsiyum (Ca), potasyum(K) içerikleri indüktif eşleşmiş plazma-kütle spektrometresi (ICP-MS) yöntemi ile incelenmiştir. Bitki numunesinin analize hazır hale getirilmesi aşamasında mikrodalga yakma yöntemi ile numuneler çözünür hale getirilmiştir. ICP-MS ölçümleri sonucunda, yüksek toksik özellik gösteren kadmiyum ve arsenik metallerine rastlanmazken, diğer yüksek toksik özellik gösteren ağır metal içerikleri; civa (0,35±0,01mg.kg-1) ve kurşun (6,36±0,25mg.kg-1) olarak belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bitki numunesinde toprak alkali metallerden kalsiyum (1226,780±43,4 mg.kg-1) ve potasyum (10308±103,7 mg.kg-1) içeriklerinin oldukça yüksek oranda bulundukları tespit edilmiştir. Bitki içeriğinde analizi gerçekleştirilen diğer elementlerin miktarları; Se (129,8± 3,9mg.kg-1) Al (373,95±17,1 mg.kg-1), Cu (12,6±0.7 mg.kg-1), Fe (609,3±24,1 mg.kg-1), Ni(8,7±0,4 mg.kg-1), Zn(25,2±1,2 mg.kg-1), Co (0,08±0,01 mg.kg-1) olarak belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• Hypericum triquetrifolium
• Mikro dalga yakma
• ICP-MS
• Ağır metal

References

1. [1] Folashade, K. O., Omoregie, E. H., Ohogu, A. P. 2012. Standardization of Herbal Medicines - A Review. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 4(3), 101-112.
2. [2] Türkyılmaz, A., Sevik, H., Çetin, M., Saleh, E. A. 2018. Changes in Heavy Metal Accumulation Depending on Traffic Density in Some Landscape. Plants. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 27(5), 2277-2284.
3. [3] Maobe, M. A. G., Gatebe, E., Gitu, L., Rotich, H. 2012. Profile of heavy metals in selected medicinal plants used for the treatment of diabetes, malaria and pneumonia in Kisii region, Southwest Kenya. Global Journal of Pharmacology, 6(3), 245–251.
4. [4] Kakosy, T., Hudak, A., Naray, M. 1996. Lead İntoxication Epidemic Caused by Ingestion of Contaminated Ground Paprika. Journal of Toxicology: Clinical Toxicology, 34(5), 507-511.
5. [5] Sathiavelu, A., Gajalakshmi, S., Iswarya, V., Ashwini, R., Divya, G., Mythili, S. 2012. Evaluation of heavy metals in medicinal plants growing in Vellore District. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 2(5), 1457–1461.
6. [6] Haider, S., Naithani, V., Barthwal , J., Kakkar, P. 2004. Heavy Metal Content in Some Therapeutically İmportant Medicinal Plants. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 72(1), 119-127.
7. [7] Çırak, C., Kurt, D., 2014. Önemli Tıbbi Bitkiler Olarak Hypericum Türleri. ANADOLU journal of the Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, 24(1), 42-58.
8. [8] Kaçar, O., Azkan, N. 2010. Tıbbi bitki olarak sarı kantaron (Hypericum perforatum L.) ve halk sağlığındaki yeri. Dünya Gıda Dergisi, 82-89.

9. [9] Barnes, J., Anderson, L. A., Phillipson, J. D. 2001. St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.): review of its chemistry, pharmacology and clinical properties. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 53: 583-600.
10. [10] Baytop, T. 1999. Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi, Geçmiste ve Bugün. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, II. Baskı ISBN: 975-420-021- 1. İstanbul, 480s.
11. [11] Başköse İ., Savran A. 2018. A new species from southern Anatolia (Dedegöl Mountain Series -Çürük Mountain) in Turkey: Hypericum bilgehanbilgilii (Hypericaceae). Phytotaxa. 374(2), 110-118.
12. [12] Çırak, C., Radusiene, J., Janulis, V., Ivanauskas, L., Çamaş, N., Ayan, A. K. 2011. Phenolic constituents of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra (Guttiferae) growing in Turkey: variation among populations and plant parts. Turkish Journal of Biology, 35, 449-456.
13. [13] Tokalioglu, S. 2012. Determination of trace elements in commonly consumed medicinal herbs by ICP-MS and multivariate analysis. Food Chemistry, 134(4), 2504-2508.
14. [14] Bulska, E., Ruszczyńska, A. 2017. Analytical Techniques for Trace Element Determination. Physical Sciences Reviews, 20178002.
15. [15] Yang, F. Y., Jiangab S. J., Sahayam A. C. 2014. Combined use of HPLC–ICP-MS and microwave-assisted extraction for the determination of cobalt compounds in nutritive supplements. Food Chemistry, 147, 215-219.
16. [16] Kılıç, S. 2018. Comparison of mineral element amounts of aromatic plant and their oils. Gıda, 43(4), 617-623.
17. [17] Sumontha Nookabkaew, S., Rangkadilok, N., Satayavivad, J. 2006. Determination of Trace Elements in Herbal Tea Products and Their Infusions Consumed in Thailand. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 6939-6944.
18. [18] Avula, B., Wang, Y., Smillie, T. J., Aydin, N .S., Khan, I. 2010. Quantitative Determination of Multiple Elements in Botanicals and Dietary Supplements Using ICP-MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, 8887–8894.
19. [19] Zhao, X., Wei, J., Shu, X., Kong, W., Yang, M. 2016. Multi-elements determination in medical and edible Alpinia oxyphylla and Morinda officinalis and their decoctions by ICP-MS. Chemosphere, 164, 430-435.
20. [20] Queralt, I., Ovejero, M., Carvalho L., Marques A. F., Llabres J. M. 2005. Quantitative determination of essential and trace element content of medicinal plants and their infusionsby XRF and ICP techniques. X-Ray Spectrometry, 34, 213–217.
21. [21] Bizzi, C. A., Nóbrega, J. A. , Barin, J. S. , Oliveira, J. S. S. , Schmidt, L. , Mello, P. A., Flores, E. M. M. 2014. Effect of simultaneous cooling on microwave-assisted wet digestion of biological samples with diluted nitric acid and O2 pressure. Analytica Chimica Acta, 837, 16-22.
22. [22] Kilic, S., Soylak, M. 2020. Determination of trace element contaminants in herbal teas using ICP-MS by different sample preparation method. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 57, 927–933.
23. [23] World Health Organization. Quality Control Methods for Medicinal Plant Materials, WHO Offset Publication. WHO Geneva, 1998.
24. [24] Yener, I. 2019. Trace Element Analysis in Some Plants Species by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Jist, 9(3), 1492-1502.
25. [25] Ayan, A. A., Kizilkaya, R., Cirak, C., Kevseroglu, K. 2006. Heavy Metal Contents of St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L.) Growing in Northern Turkey. Journal of Plant Sciences, 1(3), 182-186.
26. [26] Gomez, M. R., Ceutti, S., Olsina R. A., Silva, M. F., Martinez, L. D. 2004. Metal content monitoring in Hypericum perforatum pharmaceutical derivatives by atomic absorption and emission spectrometry. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 34: 569–576.
27. [27] Hayacibara, F. M., Queiroz, C. S., Tabchouryand, C. P. M., Cury, J. A. 2004. Fluoride and aluminum in teas and tea-based beverages. Revista de Saúde Pública, 38(1), 100-105.
28. [28] Elgin Cebe, G., Sogut, O. 2018. Calcium and Magnesium Contents in Three Hypericum L. Species from Turkey. Journal of Medicinal Food, 8, 819-822.