Radical Scavenging Activity and Antibacterial Effect of Three Cyclamen L. Tuber Extracts on Some Fish Pathogens

Year 2018, Volume: 22 Issue: 2, 562 - 568, 15.08.2018

Gülşen Uluköy Cennet Özay Ramazan Mammadov Zeynep Sayın

Abstract

Cyclamen L. is a member of Primulaceae family, a geophyte, which have been utilized for their biological activities in folk medicine. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of three Cyclamen species on some fish pathogens as well as their radical scavenging activity potentials. C. cilicium Boiss. & Heldr., C. pseudibericum Hildebr. and C. hederifolium Aiton were collected from different regions in Turkey. Cyclamen tubers were extracted in ethanol and then DPPH, ABTS and NO methods were utilized for the assurance of radical scavenging activities of the extracts. Antibacterial activity of the extracts were determined in vitro against five bacterial fish pathogens, namely, Vagococcus salmoninarum, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Lactococcus garvieae, Vibrio anguillarum and Yersinia ruckeri. All the tested tuber extracts exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against four bacteria and the radical scavenging activity in the order of potency: C. cilicium>C. pseudibericum>C. hederifolium. In conclusion, this study showed that the Cyclamen species have moderate antibacterial activity against fish pathogenic bacteria except V. anguillarum.

Keywords

Cyclamen L., ABTS; DPPH; NO; Fish pathogen; Disc diffusion

References

• [1] Dogruez, N., Zeybek, Z., Karagoz, A. 2008. Antibacterial activity of some plant extracts. IUFS Journal of Biology, 67(1), 17-21.
• [2] Toranzo, A. E., Magariños, B., Romalde, J. L. 2005. A review of the main bacterial fish diseases in mariculture systems. Aquaculture, 246, 37-61.
• [3] Cavallo, R. A., Stabili, L. 2002. Presence of vibriosis in seawater and Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lam.) from the Mar Piccolo of Taranto (Ionian Sea). Water Research, 36, 3719-3726.
• [4] Austin, B., Austin, D. A. 2007. Bacterial Fish Pathogens: Diseases of Farmed and Wild Fish, 4th ed. Praxis Publ. Ltd., Chichester, 552p.
• [5] Radjasa, O. K. S., Sabdono, A., Prayitno, S. B., Hutabarat, S. 2009. Phylogenetic diversity of the causative agents of vibriosis associated with groupers fish from Karimunjawa Islands, Indonesia. Current Research in Bacteriology, 2, 14-21.
• [6] Cabello, F. C. 2006. Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environmental Microbiology, 8, 1137-1144.
• [7] Immanuel, G., Vincybai, V. C., Sivaram, V., Palavesam, A., Marian, M. P. 2004. Effect of butanolic extracts from terrestrial herbs and seaweeds on the survival, growth and pathogen (Vibrio parahaemolyticus) load on shrimp Penaeus indicus juveniles. Aquaculture, 236, 53-65.
• [8] Bansemir, A., Blume, M., Schroder, S., Lindequist, U. 2006. Screening of cultivated seaweeds for antibacterial activity against fish pathogenic bacteria. Aquaculture, 252, 79-84.
• [9] Cowan, M. M. 1999. Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 12, 564-582.
• [10] Abdallah, E. M. 2011. Plants: An alternative source for antimicrobials. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 01(06), 16-20.
• [11] Gupta, P. D., Birdi, T. J. 2017. Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine, 8, 266-272.
• [12] Emeka, U., Iloegbunam, N. G., Gbekele-Oluwa, A. R., Bola, M., 2014. Natural Products and Aquaculture Development. IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences. 9(2), 70-82
• [13] Ramalingum, N., Mahomoodally, M. F. 2014. The Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Foods. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences, 2014, 354264.
• [14] Arulselvan, P., Fard, M. T., Tan, W. S., Gothai, S., Fakurazi, S., Norhaizan, M. E., Kumar, S. S. 2016. Role of Antioxidants and Natural Products in Inflammation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, 5276130.
• [15] Pham-Huy, L. A., He, H., Pham-Huy, C. 2008. Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health. International Journal of Biomedical Science, 4(2), 89-96.
• [16] Domej, W., Oettl, K., Renner, W. 2014. Oxidative stress and free radicals in COPD – implications and relevance for treatment. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 9, 1207-1224.
• [17] Lobo, V., Patil, A., Phatak, A., Chandra, N. 2010. Free radicals, antioxidants and functional foods: Impact on human health. Pharmacognosy Reviews,4(8), 118-126.
• [18] Guner, A., Aslan, S., Ekim, T., Vural, M., Babac, M. T. 2012. List of Turkish Plants (Vascular Plants). Istanbul: Flora Researches Association and Nezahat Gokyigit Botanical Garden Publishing, Istanbul, 1290p.
• [19] Calis, I., Yuruker, A., Tanker, N., Wright, A. D., Sticher, O. 1997. Triterpene saponins from Cyclamen coum var. coum. Planta Medica, 63(2), 166-70.
• [20] Sajjadi, S., Saboora, A., Mohammadi, P. 2016. Comparison of aglycon and glycosidic saponin extracts of Cyclamen coum tuber against Candida spp. Current Medical Mycology, 2(2), 40-44.
• [21] Speroni E., Cervellati, R., Costa, S., Dall’Acqua, S., Guerra, M. C., Panizzolo C., Utan A., Innocenti G. 2007. Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of Cyclamen repandum S. et S. Phytotherapy Research, 21, 684-689.
• [22] Mahasneh, A. M., El-Oqlah, A. A. 1999. Antimicrobial activity of extracts of herbal plants used in the traditional medicine of Jordan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 64, 271-276.
• [23] Alkowni, R., Jodeh, S., Hussein, F., Jaradat, N. 2018. Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of (Cyclamen persicum Mill) tuber extracts. Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 31(1), 187-192.
• [24] Handa, S. S., Khanuja, S. P. S., Longo, G., Rakesh, D. D. 2008. Extraction Technologies for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the International Centre for Science and High Technology no. 66. Trieste, Italy, 266p.
• [25] Wu, C., Chen, F., Wang, X., Kim, H. J., He, G., Haley-Zitlin, V., Huang, G. 2006. Antioxidant Constituents in Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium) Extract and Their Chromatographic Quantification. Food Chemistry, 96,220-227.
• [26] Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C. 1999. Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26(9-10), 1231-1237.
• [27] Balakrishnan, N., Panda, A. B., Raj, N. R., Shrivastava, A., Prathani, R. B. 2009. The evaluation of nitric oxide scavenging activity of Acalypha indica Linn Root. Asian Journal Research Chemistry, 2(2), 148-150.
• [28] CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute). 2008. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals; Approved Standard. (Third Ed.), CLSI, Wayne, PA, USA. http://clsi.orgaccessed 26 March 2015; CLSI document VET01-A3 (formerly M31-A3)
• [29] Taiz, L., Zeiger, E. 1998. Plant Physiology. 2nd Edition, Sinauer Associates Publishers, Massachusetts, 778p.
• [30] Altunkeyik, H., Gulcemal, D., Masullo, M., Alankus-Calışkan, O., Piacente, S., Karayıldırım, T. 2012. Triterpene saponins from Cyclamen hederifolium. Phytochemistry, 73(1),127-133.
• [31] Mihci-Gaidi, G., Pertuit, D., Miyamoto, T., Mirjolet, J. F., Duchamp, O., Mitaine-Offer, A-Claire.; Lacaille-Dubois, M-Aleth. 2010. Triterpene Saponins from C. persicum. Natural Product Communications, 5, 1023-1025.
• [32] Du, G. R., Li, M. J., Ma, F. W., Liang, D. 2009. Antioxidant capacity and the relationship with polyphenol and Vitamin C in Actinidia fruits. Food Chemistry, 113, 557-562.
• [33] Mathew, S., Abraham, T. E. 2006. In vitro antioxidant activity and scavenging effects of Cinnamomum verum leaf extract assayed by different methodologies. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44, 198-206.
• [34] Metin, H., Aydin, C., Ozay, C., Mammadov, R. 2013. Antioxidant activity of the various extracts of Cyclamen graecum Link tubers and leaves from Turkey. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan, 35, 1332-1336.
• [35] Zengin, G., Aktumsek, A. 2014. Investigation of antioxidant potentials of solvent extracts from different anatomical parts of Asphodeline anatolica E. Tuzlacı: an endemic plant to Turkey. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 11(2), 481-488.
• [36] Wang, L., Wang, Z., Li, X. 2013. Preliminary phytochemical and biological activities study of solvent extracts from a cold-field fruit Malus baccata (Linn.) Borkh. Industrial Crops and Products, 47, 20-28.
• [37] Sarıkurkcu, C. 2011. Antioxidant activities of solvent extracts from endemic Cyclamen mirabile Hildebr. tubers and leaves. African Journal of Biotechnology, 10(5), 831-839.
• [38] Mazouz, W., Djeddi, S. 2014. Biological Properties of Algerian Cyclamen africanum Extracts. Advancesin Environmental Biology, 8(4), 900-903.
• [39] Cuhna, B. A. 2000. The diagnostic significance of relative bradycardia in infectious disease. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 6(12), 633-634.
• [40] Shariff, N., Sudarshana, M. S., Umesha, S., Hariprasad, P. 2006. Antimicrobial activity of Rauvolfia tetraphylla and Physalis minima leaf and callus extracts. African Journal of Biotechnology, 5, 946-950.
• [41] Calış, I., Satana, M. E.,Yürüker, A., Kelican, P., Demirdamar, R., Alacam, R., Tanker, N., Rüegger H., and Sticher, O. 1997. Triterpene saponins from Cyclamen mirabile and their biological activities. Journal of Natural Products, 60, 315-318.
• [42] Varposhti, M., Ahya, A. A., Mohammadi, P., Saboora, A. 2013. Effects of Extracts and an Essential Oil from Some Medicinal Plants against Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 1(1), 36-40.
• [43] Okmen, G., Erdal, P., Isik, D., Bayrak, D. 2014. The antibacterial activities against mastitis pathogens of Cyclamen mirabile Hildebr. tubers and its non-enzymatic antioxidant activities. Pelagia Research Library European Journal of Experimental Biology, 4(2), 370-374.