Balıkesir/Antandros Antik Kenti Kazısı Toprak Örneklerinin Metagenomik Analizi
Year 2022,
Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 25.04.2022
Dilan Bal
,
Berceste Balcı
,
Alper Yılmaz
Gürcan Polat
,
Ercan Arıcan
Abstract
Bugüne kadar, biyosferde bulunan mikroorganizmaların çok azı kültürleme metoduyla tespit ya da teşhis edilebilmiştir. Kültürlenmemiş ya da kültürlenemeyen mikroorganizmalar ise, mikrobiyal çeşitliliğin büyük bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Metagenomik analiz, kültürleme yapılmaksızın, çevreden direkt alınan örneklerin DNA izolasyonu sonrasında elde edilen mikroorganizmaların tür tayininin yapılmasına, genetik çeşitliliğinin, popülasyon yapısının ve bu mikroorganizmaların insan yaşantısını da etkileyen ekolojik rollerinin anlaşılmasına olanak vermektedir. Metagenomik; ilaç, biyoyakıt, biyoteknoloji, tarım, ekoloji gibi birçok farklı çalışma alanında yardımcı disiplin olarak önemli rol oynamaktadır. Paleomikrobiyoloji çalışmalarında da son yıllarda sıkça kullanılmaya başlanan metagenomik, insanlık tarihindeki mikrobiyal evrim araştırmalarına katkı sunar ve bize geçmiş zamanların mikro ekosistemini anlama perspektifi verir. Bu çalışmada, Balıkesir/Antandros Antik Kenti nekropolünden kültürleme yapılmaksızın direkt alınan toprak örneklerindeki mikroorganizmaların DNA izolasyonu yapıldı ve sonrasında 16S rRNA genlerinin V3-V4 bölgeleri PZR yöntemi ile çoğaltıldı. Çoğaltılan bölgeler Illumina MiSeq sistemi ile dizilendi. Elde edilen dizilerin metagenomik analizi QIIME 1.9.1 kullanılarak yapıldı ve mikrobiyal çeşitlilik belirlendi.
Supporting Institution
İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi
Thanks
Bu çalışma, İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Yürütücü Sekreterliğinin 22680 numaralı projesi ile desteklenmiştir. Projeye sunduğu katkılardan ve verdiği desteklerden dolayı İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi’ne ve Antandros Antik Kenti kazı ekibine teşekkür ederiz.
References
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Metagenomic Analysis of Soil Samples of Balıkesir/Antandros Ancient City Excavation
Year 2022,
Volume: 26 Issue: 1, 1 - 12, 25.04.2022
Dilan Bal
,
Berceste Balcı
,
Alper Yılmaz
Gürcan Polat
,
Ercan Arıcan
Abstract
Until now, very few of microorganisms in the biosphere have been detected and defined via cultivation methods. Microorganisms which, can not be cultured or haven't been cultured, make up of significant part of microbial diversity. Metagenomic analysis provides information about genetic diversity, population structure and ecological roles that affect human life of these microorganisms after DNA isolation of environmental samples without culturing. Metagenomics plays a significant role as discipline auxiliary to various different fields such as medicine, biofuels, biotechnology, agriculture, ecology. Metagenomics, which is started to be widely used in paleomicrobiology studies as well, contributes to microbial evolution studies in human history and gives us a perspective to understand ancient micro ecosystem. In this thesis, DNA isolation of microorganisms in culture-independent soil samples taken directly from Balıkesir/Antandros Ancient City Necropolis was performed and afterwards V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA were multiplied by using PCR method. Replicated regions were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq system. Metagenomic analysis of these sequences was performed using QIIME 1.9.1 and microbial diversity was detected.
References
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- [2] Yağız, K. 2009. Antandros nekropolisi hellenistik dönem mezar tipleri. Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2(2), 136-144.
- [3] Rivera-Perez, J. I., Santiago-Rodriguez, T. M., Toranzos G. A. 2016. Paleomicrobiology: a snapshot of ancient microbes and approaches to forensic microbiology. Microbiology Spectrum, 4(4), 1-14.
- [4] Kolbert, C., Persing, D. 1999. Ribosomal DNA sequencing as a tool for ıdentification of bacterial pathogens. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 2, 299-305.
- [5] Petrosino, J. F., Highlander, S., Luna, R. A., Gibbs, R. A., Versalovic, J. 2009. Metagenomic Pyrosequencing and Microbial Identification. Clinical Chemistry, 55(5), 856-866.
- [6] Alves, L. F., Westmann, C. A., Lovate, G. L., Siqueira, G. M. V., Borelli, T. C., Guazzaronicorresponding, M. E. 2018. Metagenomic approaches for understanding new concepts in microbial science. International Journal of Genomics, 1-15.
- [7] Culligan, E. P., Sleator, R. D., Marchesi J. R., Hill C. 2014. Metagenomics and Novel Gene Discovery. Virulence, 5(3), 399-412.
- [8] Oulas, A., Pavloudi, C., Polymenakou, P., Pavlopoulos, G. A., Papanikolaou, N., Kotoulas, G., Arvanitidis, C., Iliopoulos, I. 2015. Metagenomics: tools and insights for analyzing next-generation sequencing data derived from biodiversity studies. Libertas Academica, 9, 75–88.
- [9] Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Walters, W. A., González, A., Caporaso, G. J., Knight, R. 2011. Using QIIME to analyze 16S rRNA gene sequences from microbial communities. Current Protocols in Bioinformatics, 36(1), 1-20.
- [10] Klindworth, A., Pruesse, E., Schweer, T., Peplies, J., Quast, C., Horn, M., Glöckner, F. O. 2013. Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies. Nucleic Acids Research, 41(1), 1-11.
- [11] 16S Metagenomic Sequencing Library Preparation.https://support.illumina.com/documents/documentation/chemistry_documentation/16s/16s-metagenomic-library-prep-guide-15044223-b.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 11.04.2019).
- [12] Soil DNA Isolation Plus Kit. https://norgenbiotek.com/sites/default/files/flyers/Soil-DNA-Plus-Kit.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 06.06.2019).
- [13] Cho, E. J., Leem, S, Kim, S. A., Yang, J., Lee, Y. B., Kim, S. S., Cheong, J. Y., Cho, S. W., Kim, J. W., Kim, S. M., Yoon, J. H., Park, T. 2019. Circulating microbiota-Based metagenomic signature for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 1-8.
- [14] Margesin, R., Siles, J. A., Cajthaml, T., Öhlinger, B., Kistler, E. 2017. Microbiology meets archaeology: soil Microbial communities reveal different human activities at archaic monte iato (Sixth century BC). Microbial Ecology, 73(4), 925-938.
- [15] Kim, D., Hong, S., Kim, Y. T., Ryu, S., Kim, H. B., Lee, J. H. 2018. Metagenomic approach to identifying foodborne pathogens on chinese cabbage. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28(2), 227-235.
- [16] Ventura, M., Canchaya, C., Tauch, A., Chandra, G., Fitzgerald, G. F., Chater, K. F., van Sinderen, D. 2007. Genomics of actinobacteria: tracing the evolutionary history of an ancient phylum. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 71(3), 495–548.
- [17] Rizzatti, G., Lopetuso, L. R., Gibiino, G., Binda, C., Gasbarrini, A. 2017. Proteobacteria: a common factor in human diseases. BioMed Research International, 9, 1-7.
- [18] Ward, L. M., Hemp, J., Shih, P. M., McGlynn, S. E., Fischer, W. W., 2018. Evolution of phototrophy in the chloroflexi phylum driven by horizontal gene transfer. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9(260), 1-16.
- [19] Garrity G. M., Holt, J. G. 2001. Phylum BVIII. Nitrospirae phy. nov. ss 451-464. Boone, D. R. et al. (eds.) 2001. Bergey’s Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology, Springer Science+Business Media, New York.
- [20] Fuerst, J. A., Sagulenko E. 2011. Beyond the bacterium: planctomycetes challenge our concepts of microbial structure and function. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 9, 403–413.
- [21] Euryarchaeota.http://www.bilimteknik.tubitak.gov.tr/sites/default/files/bilgipaket/canlilar/monera/euryarchaeota.htm (Erişim Tarihi: 08.05.2019).