Research Article
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Use of Cloud Point Extraction and Spectrophotometric Determination of Carmosine by Applying Experimental Design

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 398 - 406, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1068593

Abstract

Carmosine (E122) as a food additive is a dye that is often used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. In this study, Brij 58 was used in the extraction step for the spectrophotometric determination of carmosine (KAR) in syrup sample after cloud point extraction (CPE). Certain parameters such as extraction temperature, pH, Brij 58 (surfactant) concentration and Na2SO4 concentration were optimized using central composite design, Box-Behnken design and classical experimental methods. The determination range of the method was 0.05 – 4.00 g mL-1. The limit of detection (LOD) of this method is 0.0018 μg mL-1 for KAR. The recovery values of KAR were calculated to be between 98.00% and 102.67%. The findings show that this new CPE method can be quickly used for sensitive determination of KAR for routine analysis.

References

  • [1] Yentür, G., Yaman, M., Bayhan A. 1998. Bazı gıda maddelerine katılan sentetik boyaların miktarlarının araştırılması, Gıda, 23(3), 195-199.
  • [2] Kim, M., Park, J., Suh, H., Lee, C. 2016. Establishment of an Analytical Method for Azorubine, an Undesignated Food Colorant in Korea, Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety, 31(5), 311-318.
  • [3] Karatepe, A., Akalın, C., Soylak, M. 2017. Spectrophotometric determination of carmoisine after cloud point extraction using Triton X-114, Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 41, 256-262.
  • [4] Peksa, V., Jahn, M., Štolcová, L., Schulz, V., Prošk, J., Procházka, M., Weber, K., Cialla-May, D., Popp, J. 2015. Quantitative SERS Analysis of Azorubine (E 122) in Sweet Drinks, Analytical Chemistry, 87(5), 2840–2844.
  • [5] Iammarinoa, M., Mentanab, A., Centonzeb, D., Palermob, C., Mangiacottia, M., Chiaravalle, A. E. 2019. Chromatographic determination of 12 dyes in meat products by HPLC-UV-DIODE array detection, MethodsX, 6, 856–861.
  • [6] Zor, Ş. D., Dönmez, Ö.A. 2018. A Facile HPLC-PDA Method for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Methyl Paraben, Sunset Yellow, and Carmosine in Oral Suspensions, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society A (JOTSCA), 5(2) 763-74.
  • [7] Aşçı, B., Zor, Ş. D., Dönmez, Ö.A. 2016. Development and Validation of HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Food Additives and Caffeine in Soft Drinks, International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2879406.
  • [8] Mazdeh, F. Z., Khorrami1, A. R., Khatoonabadi, Z. M., Aftabdari, F. E., Ardekani, M. R. S., Moghaddam, G., Hajimahmoodi, M. 2016. Determination of 8 Synthetic Food Dyes by Solid Phase Extraction and Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15 (1), 173-181.
  • [9] Giovine, L. D., Bocca, A. P. 2003. Determination of synthetic dyes in ice-cream by capillary electrophoresis, Food Control, 14, 131–135.
  • [10] Combeau, S., Chatelut, M., Vittori, O. 2002. Identification and simultaneous determination of Azorubin, Allura red and Ponceau 4R by differential pulse polarography: application to soft drinks, Talanta, 56, 115-122.
  • [11] Chanlona, S., Joly-Pottuza, L., Chateluta, M., Vittoria, O., Cretier, J. L. 2005. Determination of Carmoisine, Allura red and Ponceau 4R in sweets and soft drinks by Differential Pulse Polarography, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 18, 503–515.
  • [12] Amraeia, A., Niazia, A., Alimoradia, M., Hosseini, M. 2019. Cloud Point Extraction and Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Allura Red and Carmoisine Using Wavelet Orthogonal Signal Correction–Partial Least Squares Method, Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 74 (2), 93–99.
  • [13] Turak, F., Dinç, M., Kutlu, Ö. D., Özgür, M. Ü. 2014. Four Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Carmoisine and Ponceau 4R in Drinks and Comparison with High Performance Liquid Chromatography, International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 650465.
  • [14] Kaur, A., Gupta, U., 2012. The review on spectrophotometric determination of synthetic food dyes and lakes, Gazi University Journal of Science, 25(3), 579-588.
  • [15] Heydari, R., Hosseini, M., Zarabani. S. 2015. A simple method for determination of carmine in food samples based on cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric detection, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 150, 786-791.
  • [16] Escaleira, L. A., Santelli, R. E., Oliveira, E. P., de Carvalho, M. D. B., Bezerra, M. A. 2009. Preconcentration procedure for determining trace amounts of Ni, Cd, Pb and Cu in high-salinity waters after cloud-point extraction, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 89(7),515-527.
  • [17] Pourreza, N., Ghomi, M. 2011. Simultaneous cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric determination of carmoisine and brilliant blue FCF in food samples,Talanta, 84(1), 240-243.
  • [18] Sarvestani, M. R. J., Doroudi, Z. 2021. Determination of Ultra Trace Amounts of Carmoisine in Food Specimens by Ultrasound-assisted Surfactant-enhanced Emulsification Microextraction Method Coupled with UV-Visible Spectrophotometry, Journal of Chemical Health Risks, Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 May 2021.
  • [19] Smirnova, S. V., Lyskovtseva, K. A., Pletnev, I. V. 2021. Extraction and determination of synthetic food dyes using tetraalkylammonium based liquid-liquid extraction, Microchemical Journal, 162, 105833.
  • [20] Elhami, S., Noorzadi, N. 2016. Rapid spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of azorubine dye in food samples after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, Journal of Indian Chemical Society, 93, 183-186.
  • [21] Faraji, M., Sahneh, B. N., Javanshir, R. 2017. An Ion-pair Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Simultaneous Determination of Synthetic Dyes in Ice Cream Samples by HPLC, Analytical Bioanalytical Chemistry Research, 4(2), 213-225.
  • [22] Salamat, Q., Yamini, Y., Moradi, M., Karimia, M., Nazraz, M. 2018. Novel generation of nano-structured supramolecular solvents based on an ionic liquid as a green solvent for microextraction of some synthetic food dyes, New Journal of Chemistry, 42, 19252.
  • [23] Tripathi, M., Khanna, S. K., Das, M. 2004. A Novel Method for the Determination of Synthetic Colors in Ice Cream Samples, Journal of AOAC International, 87(3), 657-663.
  • [24] Egorov, V. M., Smirnova, S. V., Pletne, I. V. 2008. Highly efficient extraction of phenols and aromatic amines into novel ionic liquids incorporating quaternary ammonium cation, Separation and Purification Technology, 63, 710–715.
  • [25] Box, G. E. P., Hunter, W. G., Hunter, J. S. 1978. Statistics for Experimenters, Wiley, New York, USA.
  • [26] Güray, T. 2018. Spectrophotometric Determination of Sunset Yellow (E-110) in Powdered Beverages and Pharmaceutical Preparations after Cloud Point Extraction Method, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society A (JOTSCA), 5(2), 479-492.
  • [27] Güray, T., Menevşe, B., Yavuz, A. A. 2020. Determination of optimization parameters based on the Box-Behnkendesign for cloud point extraction of quinoline yellow using Brij 58 and application of this method to real samples, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 243, 118800.
  • [28] Güray, T., Alper, Ş. 2019. Spectrophotometric Determination of Ponceau 4R in Syrup and Fruit Candy after Enrichment with Cloud Point Extraction, BEU Journal of Science, 8(4), 1243-1249.
  • [29] Güray, T. 2019. A novel method for simultaneous analysis of tartrazine and indigo carmine by cloud point extraction using spectrophotometric technique, International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(6), 17-23.

Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 3, 398 - 406, 20.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1068593

Abstract

Karmosin (E122) bir gıda katkı maddesi olarak genellikle gıda, kozmetik ve ilaçlarda kullanılan boyadır. Bu çalışmada, bulutlanma noktası ekstraksiyonundan (CPE) sonra şurup numunesinde karmosinin (KAR) spektrofotometrik tayini için ekstraksiyon aşamasında Brij 58 kullanılmıştır. Ekstraksiyon sıcaklığı, pH, Brij 58 (yüzey aktif madde) konsantrasyonu ve Na2SO4 konsantrasyonu gibi bazı parametreler merkezi kompozit tasarımı, Box-Behnken tasarımı ve klasik deneysel yöntemler kullanılarak optimize edilmiştir. Yöntemin doğrusal çalışma aralığı 0,05 - 4,00 g mL-1 olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu yöntemin gözlenebilme sınırı (LOD); KAR için 0,0018 μg mL-1 dir. Yöntemde KAR'ın geri kazanım değerlerinin %98,00 ve %102,67 arasında olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular, bu yeni CPE yönteminin rutin analizde KAR’ın hassas belirlenmesi için hızlı bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini göstermiştir.

References

  • [1] Yentür, G., Yaman, M., Bayhan A. 1998. Bazı gıda maddelerine katılan sentetik boyaların miktarlarının araştırılması, Gıda, 23(3), 195-199.
  • [2] Kim, M., Park, J., Suh, H., Lee, C. 2016. Establishment of an Analytical Method for Azorubine, an Undesignated Food Colorant in Korea, Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety, 31(5), 311-318.
  • [3] Karatepe, A., Akalın, C., Soylak, M. 2017. Spectrophotometric determination of carmoisine after cloud point extraction using Triton X-114, Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 41, 256-262.
  • [4] Peksa, V., Jahn, M., Štolcová, L., Schulz, V., Prošk, J., Procházka, M., Weber, K., Cialla-May, D., Popp, J. 2015. Quantitative SERS Analysis of Azorubine (E 122) in Sweet Drinks, Analytical Chemistry, 87(5), 2840–2844.
  • [5] Iammarinoa, M., Mentanab, A., Centonzeb, D., Palermob, C., Mangiacottia, M., Chiaravalle, A. E. 2019. Chromatographic determination of 12 dyes in meat products by HPLC-UV-DIODE array detection, MethodsX, 6, 856–861.
  • [6] Zor, Ş. D., Dönmez, Ö.A. 2018. A Facile HPLC-PDA Method for Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol, Methyl Paraben, Sunset Yellow, and Carmosine in Oral Suspensions, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society A (JOTSCA), 5(2) 763-74.
  • [7] Aşçı, B., Zor, Ş. D., Dönmez, Ö.A. 2016. Development and Validation of HPLC Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Food Additives and Caffeine in Soft Drinks, International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2879406.
  • [8] Mazdeh, F. Z., Khorrami1, A. R., Khatoonabadi, Z. M., Aftabdari, F. E., Ardekani, M. R. S., Moghaddam, G., Hajimahmoodi, M. 2016. Determination of 8 Synthetic Food Dyes by Solid Phase Extraction and Reversed-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 15 (1), 173-181.
  • [9] Giovine, L. D., Bocca, A. P. 2003. Determination of synthetic dyes in ice-cream by capillary electrophoresis, Food Control, 14, 131–135.
  • [10] Combeau, S., Chatelut, M., Vittori, O. 2002. Identification and simultaneous determination of Azorubin, Allura red and Ponceau 4R by differential pulse polarography: application to soft drinks, Talanta, 56, 115-122.
  • [11] Chanlona, S., Joly-Pottuza, L., Chateluta, M., Vittoria, O., Cretier, J. L. 2005. Determination of Carmoisine, Allura red and Ponceau 4R in sweets and soft drinks by Differential Pulse Polarography, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 18, 503–515.
  • [12] Amraeia, A., Niazia, A., Alimoradia, M., Hosseini, M. 2019. Cloud Point Extraction and Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Allura Red and Carmoisine Using Wavelet Orthogonal Signal Correction–Partial Least Squares Method, Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 74 (2), 93–99.
  • [13] Turak, F., Dinç, M., Kutlu, Ö. D., Özgür, M. Ü. 2014. Four Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Carmoisine and Ponceau 4R in Drinks and Comparison with High Performance Liquid Chromatography, International Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 650465.
  • [14] Kaur, A., Gupta, U., 2012. The review on spectrophotometric determination of synthetic food dyes and lakes, Gazi University Journal of Science, 25(3), 579-588.
  • [15] Heydari, R., Hosseini, M., Zarabani. S. 2015. A simple method for determination of carmine in food samples based on cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric detection, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 150, 786-791.
  • [16] Escaleira, L. A., Santelli, R. E., Oliveira, E. P., de Carvalho, M. D. B., Bezerra, M. A. 2009. Preconcentration procedure for determining trace amounts of Ni, Cd, Pb and Cu in high-salinity waters after cloud-point extraction, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 89(7),515-527.
  • [17] Pourreza, N., Ghomi, M. 2011. Simultaneous cloud point extraction and spectrophotometric determination of carmoisine and brilliant blue FCF in food samples,Talanta, 84(1), 240-243.
  • [18] Sarvestani, M. R. J., Doroudi, Z. 2021. Determination of Ultra Trace Amounts of Carmoisine in Food Specimens by Ultrasound-assisted Surfactant-enhanced Emulsification Microextraction Method Coupled with UV-Visible Spectrophotometry, Journal of Chemical Health Risks, Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 May 2021.
  • [19] Smirnova, S. V., Lyskovtseva, K. A., Pletnev, I. V. 2021. Extraction and determination of synthetic food dyes using tetraalkylammonium based liquid-liquid extraction, Microchemical Journal, 162, 105833.
  • [20] Elhami, S., Noorzadi, N. 2016. Rapid spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of azorubine dye in food samples after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, Journal of Indian Chemical Society, 93, 183-186.
  • [21] Faraji, M., Sahneh, B. N., Javanshir, R. 2017. An Ion-pair Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction for Simultaneous Determination of Synthetic Dyes in Ice Cream Samples by HPLC, Analytical Bioanalytical Chemistry Research, 4(2), 213-225.
  • [22] Salamat, Q., Yamini, Y., Moradi, M., Karimia, M., Nazraz, M. 2018. Novel generation of nano-structured supramolecular solvents based on an ionic liquid as a green solvent for microextraction of some synthetic food dyes, New Journal of Chemistry, 42, 19252.
  • [23] Tripathi, M., Khanna, S. K., Das, M. 2004. A Novel Method for the Determination of Synthetic Colors in Ice Cream Samples, Journal of AOAC International, 87(3), 657-663.
  • [24] Egorov, V. M., Smirnova, S. V., Pletne, I. V. 2008. Highly efficient extraction of phenols and aromatic amines into novel ionic liquids incorporating quaternary ammonium cation, Separation and Purification Technology, 63, 710–715.
  • [25] Box, G. E. P., Hunter, W. G., Hunter, J. S. 1978. Statistics for Experimenters, Wiley, New York, USA.
  • [26] Güray, T. 2018. Spectrophotometric Determination of Sunset Yellow (E-110) in Powdered Beverages and Pharmaceutical Preparations after Cloud Point Extraction Method, Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society A (JOTSCA), 5(2), 479-492.
  • [27] Güray, T., Menevşe, B., Yavuz, A. A. 2020. Determination of optimization parameters based on the Box-Behnkendesign for cloud point extraction of quinoline yellow using Brij 58 and application of this method to real samples, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 243, 118800.
  • [28] Güray, T., Alper, Ş. 2019. Spectrophotometric Determination of Ponceau 4R in Syrup and Fruit Candy after Enrichment with Cloud Point Extraction, BEU Journal of Science, 8(4), 1243-1249.
  • [29] Güray, T. 2019. A novel method for simultaneous analysis of tartrazine and indigo carmine by cloud point extraction using spectrophotometric technique, International Journal of Chemical Studies, 7(6), 17-23.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Tufan Güray 0000-0002-7509-7260

Ülkü Dilek Uysal 0000-0003-1572-9753

Publication Date December 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 26 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Güray, T., & Uysal, Ü. D. (2022). Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(3), 398-406. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1068593
AMA Güray T, Uysal ÜD. Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. December 2022;26(3):398-406. doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.1068593
Chicago Güray, Tufan, and Ülkü Dilek Uysal. “Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı Ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26, no. 3 (December 2022): 398-406. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1068593.
EndNote Güray T, Uysal ÜD (December 1, 2022) Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26 3 398–406.
IEEE T. Güray and Ü. D. Uysal, “Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini”, J. Nat. Appl. Sci., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 398–406, 2022, doi: 10.19113/sdufenbed.1068593.
ISNAD Güray, Tufan - Uysal, Ülkü Dilek. “Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı Ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 26/3 (December 2022), 398-406. https://doi.org/10.19113/sdufenbed.1068593.
JAMA Güray T, Uysal ÜD. Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2022;26:398–406.
MLA Güray, Tufan and Ülkü Dilek Uysal. “Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı Ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini”. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 3, 2022, pp. 398-06, doi:10.19113/sdufenbed.1068593.
Vancouver Güray T, Uysal ÜD. Karmosin için Deney Tasarımı Uygulanarak Bulutlanma Noktası Ekstraksiyonu Kullanımı ve Spektrofotometrik Tayini. J. Nat. Appl. Sci. 2022;26(3):398-406.

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