An Investigation On the Use Of Geopolymer As An Alternative Adhesive For Aluminum Panels

Year 2023, Volume: 27 Issue: 3, 457 - 463, 25.12.2023

Cengiz Bagcı , Kardelen Demirci , Semih Karahan

Abstract

One of the improving application areas of geopolymers is their using as
an alternative assembly of different materials. This study presents the results of an
experimental study on making aluminum panels by using geopolymer as an
alternative adhesive to replace typical organic polymers. We prepared a metakaolinbased geopolymer having a composition of Na2O•Al2O3•4SiO2•11H2O. Aluminum
alloys (Al 3003), 7 and 15 mm in high and (Al 5005) were used as core and plate
materials of the panels, respectively and their surface was cleaned for adhesion
bonding according to ASTM D 2651-01. Shear test samples were cut and then
geopolymer resin was applied to the cleaned surface of aluminum core and plate by
hand. Following hydrothermal sealing, the samples were then cured at 50 °C in an
open-air furnace for 36 h under clamp fixed. Aluminum-geopolymer interface and
geopolymer bond were examined by SEM-EDS in terms of chemical composition.
Ambient temperature mechanical test results revealed that the aluminumgeopolymer bonds have mean shear strength of (1.406 ±1.01 MPa) and (0.133 ±0.07
MPa) for 7 and 15 mm samples, respectively.

Keywords

Geopolymer, Adhesive, Aluminum panels

Geopolimerin Alüminyum Panellere Alternatif Yapıştırıcı Olarak Kullanımı Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Abstract

Jeopolimerlerin gelişen uygulama alanlarından biri de farklı malzemelerin
birleştirilmesinde alternatif olarak kullanılmasıdır. Bu çalışma, tipik organik
polimerlerin yerini alacak alternatif bir yapıştırıcı olarak jeopolimer kullanarak
alüminyum paneller yapmaya yönelik deneysel bir çalışmanın sonuçlarını
sunmaktadır. Na2O•Al2O3•4SiO2•11H2O bileşimine sahip metakaolin bazlı bir
jeopolimer hazırladık. Panellerin çekirdek ve plaka malzemesi olarak sırasıyla 7 ve
15 mm yüksekliğinde alüminyum alaşımları (Al 3003), (Al 5005) kullanılmış ve
yüzeyleri ASTM D 2651-01'e göre yapışma için temizlenmiştir. Kayma testi
numuneleri kesilmiş ve daha sonra alüminyum çekirdeğin ve levhanın temizlenmiş
yüzeyine elle jeopolimer reçine uygulanmıştır. Hidrotermal sızdırmazlığın
ardından, numuneler daha sonra 50 °C'de bir açık hava fırınında 36 saat süreyle
kelepçe altında kürlendi. Alüminyum-geopolimer arayüzü ve geopolimer bağı SEMEDS ile kimyasal bileşim açısından incelenmiştir. Oda sıcaklığındaki mekanik test
sonuçları, alüminyum-jeopolimer bağlantılarının 7 ve 15 mm'lik numuneler için
sırasıyla (1.406 ±1.01 MPa) ve (0.133 ±0.07 MPa) ortalama kayma direncine sahip
olduğunu ortaya koydu.

Keywords

Jeopolimer, Yapıştırıcı, Aliminyum paneller

References

• [1] Davidovits, J. 1991. Geopolymers-Inorganic Polymeric New Materials. Journal of Thermal Analysis and calorimetry, 37, 1633-1656.
• [2] Davidovits, J. 1994. Global Warming Impact on the Cement and Aggregates Industries. World Resource Review, 6(2), 263-278.
• [3] Bagci, C., Kutyla, G. P., Kriven, W. M. 2014. In Situ Carbothermal Reduction/Nitridation of Geopolymer Composites Containing Carbon Nanoparticles. Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 38(10), 15-28.
• [4] Bagci, C., Kutyla, G. P., Seymour, K. C., Kriven, W. M. 2016. Synthesis and Characterization of Silicon Carbide Powders Converted from Metakaolin‐Based Geopolymers. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 99(7), 2521–2530.
• [5] Bagci, C., Yang, Q., Kriven, W. M. 2019. Formation of α/β‐Si3N4 Nanoparticles by Carbothermal Reduction and Nitridation of Geopolymers. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 102, 6542–6551.
• [6] Altidis, J. D., Barros, S. R., Souza, J. D. R. B., Torres, S. M., Lima, S. J. G. 2012. Adhesion Tests in Quasicrystal Powders Reinforced Geopolymer Composites. Materials Science From, 727-728, 186–189.
• [7] Latella, B. A., Perera, D. S., Escott, T. R., Cassidy D. J. 2006. Adhesion of Glass to Steel Using a Geopolymer. Journal of Materials Science, 41, 1261–1264.
• [8] Temuujin, J., Minjigma, A., Rickard, W., Lee, M., Williams, I., Riessen, A. 2009. Preparation of Metakaolin Based Geopolymer Coatings on Metal Substrates as Thermal Barriers. Applied Clay Science, 46, 265–270.
• [9] Glad, B. E., Han, C., and Kriven, W. M. 2012. Polymer Adhesion to Geopolymer via Silane Coupling Agent Additives. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 95(12), 3758-3762.
• [10] Yong, S. L., Feng, D. W., Lukey, G. C., van Deventer J. S. J. 2007. Chemical Characterization of the Steel–Geopolymeric Gel Interface. Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 302, 411–423.
• [11] Mao, Y., Biasetto, L., Colombo, P. 2020. Metakaolin-Based Geopolymer Coatings on Metals by Airbrush Spray Deposition. Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, 17(4), 991– 1002.
• [12] Gupta, R., Bhardwaj, P., Mishra, D., Sanghi, S. K., and Amritphale, S. S. 2021. Novel Non-Hydroxyl Synthesis and Fabrication of Advanced Hybrid Inorganic-organic Geopolymeric Coating Material for Corrosion Protection. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 110, 102951.
• [13] Krivenko, P. V., Guzii, S. G., Bodnarova, L., Valek, J., Hela, R., and Zach, J. 2016. Effect of Thickness of the Intumescent Alkali Aluminosilicate Coating on Temperature Distribution in Reinforced Concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 8, 14- 19.
• [14] Tian, Q., Wang, S., Sui, Y. and Lv, Z. 2021. AlkaliActivated Materials as Coatings Deposited on Various Substrates: A review. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 110, 102934.
• [15] Shahedan, N. F., Abdullah, M. M. A. B., Hussin, K., Sandu, I., Ghazali, C. M. R., Binhussain, M., and Sandu, Z. Y. A. V. 2014. Characterization and Design of Alkali Activated Binder for Coating Application. Technology, 5(3), 258-262.
• [16] Bell, J., Gordon, M., Kriven, W. M. 2005. Use of Geopolymeric Cements As a Refractory Adhesive for Metal and Ceramic Joins. Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings, 26 407–413.
• [17] Kriven, W. M. and Bell, J. L. 2014. Effect of Alkali Choice on Geopolymer Properties. In Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites, 25, 99-104.
• [18] Movahedi, N., Linul, E. 2017. Quasi-Static Compressive Behavior of The Ex-Situ AluminumAlloy Foam-Filled Tubes under Elevated Temperature Conditions. Materials Letters, 206, 182–184.
• [19] Hangai, Y., Saito, K., Utsunomiya, T., Kuwazuru, O., Yoshikawa, N. 2014. Fabrication and Compression Properties of Functionally Graded Foam with Uniform Pore Structures Consisting of Dissimilar A1050 and A6061 Aluminum Alloys. Materilas Science and Engineering A, 613, 163– 170.
• [20] Yan, L. L., Han, B., Yu, B., Chen, C. Q., Zhang, Q. C., T. J. Lu. 2014. Three-Point Bending of Sandwich Beams with Aluminum Foam-Filled Corrugated Cores. Materilas and Design, 60, 510–519.
• [21] Wang, D., Zhao, L., Yang, H., Li, H., Xiao, W., Liu, C. and Qu, C. 2022. High Temperature and Toughened Bismaleimide Structural Film Adhesive for High Performance CFRP Bonding over 300 °C. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 204, 110125,.
• [22] Mohammed, S. M. K., Mhamdia, R., Albedah, A., Bouiadjra, B. A. B., Bouiadjra, B. B. and Benyahia, F. 2021. Fatigue Crack Growth in Aluminum Panels Repaired with Different Shapes of SingleSided Composite Patches. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 105, 102781.
• [23] Younesi-Kordkheili, H. and Pizzi, A. 2019. Some of Physical and Mechanical Properties of Particleboard Panels Bonded with Phenol-ligninGlyoxal Resin. The Journal of Adhesion, 96(16), 1385-1395.
• [24] Davidovits, J. G. 2008. “Geopolymer.” Chemistry and Applications. Institute Geopolymere, SaintQuentin, France.
• [25] Çomak, B. 2018. Engineering Characteristics of Geopolymer Mortars Manufactured with Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(2), 470-476.
• [26] Karahancer, S., Eriskin, E., Capalı, B., Saltan, M., and Terzi, S. 2016. Investigation of Using Waste Welded Tuff Material as Mineral Filler in Asphalt Concrete. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20(3), 399-404.
• [27] Xia, C., Yu, J., Shi, S. Q., Qiu, Y., Cai, L., Wu, H. F., Ren, H., Nie, X. and Zhang, H. 2017. Natural Fiber and Aluminum Sheet Hybrid Composites for High Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Performance. Composites Part B: Engineering, 114, 121-127.
• [28] Kömürlü, E., Cihangir, F., Turan, A., Kesimal, A., and Erçıkdı, B. 2017. An Experimental Study on Shear Strength of Cemented Paste Backfill Materials. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(1), 45-52.
• [29] Liu, J., Su, X., and Yan, F. 2022. Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Geopolymer Adhesive on the Bond Behavior Between CFRP and Concretes. Polymer Composites, 43(5), 3259-3275.
• [30] ASTM D 2651-01, Standard Guide for Preparation of Metal Surface for Adhesive Bonding, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2018, www.astm.org.
• [31] Loctite Corporation. 1998. Loctite Worldwide Design Handbook Second Edition, on CD.
• [32] Pocius, A. V.; Dillard D. A. 2002. Adhesion Science and Engineering II: Surfaces Chemistry and Applications, Elsevier, New York.
• [33] Reed M., Lokuge, W., Karunasena, W. 2014. FibreReinforced Geopolymer Concrete with Ambient Curing for In Situ Applications. Journal of Materilas Science, 49, 4297-4304.
• [34] Kani, E. N., Allahverdi, A., Provis, J. L. 2012. Efflorescence Control in Geopolymer Binders Based on Natural Pozzolan. Cement Concrete and Composites, 34(1), 25–33.