Abstract
Bu çalışma Memlûklar’da bilhassa idari görevlilerin hangi yetki ve faaliyetlerden mesul olduğunu sorunsallaştırmaktadır. Görev isimleri aynı kalmasına rağmen süreç içerisinde yapılan görevlerin mahiyetinin değiştiği vurgulanmaktadır. Hususi olarak hâciblerin Memlûk Devleti’ndeki yerini esas alan bu çalışma, onların bir süre sonra hukuk mekanizmasını kendi tekelleri altına aldıklarından bahsetmektedir. 15. yüzyıl dahilinde kadı-hâcib çatışmasını temerküz eden bu çalışma şerî hukukun ilga edilerek siyaseten hükümlerin verildiğini, bazı düşük rütbeli emîrlerin yargı kararlarına müdahil olabilme imkanına sahip olduklarını ele almaktadır. Memlûk Devleti’nde yargı yetkisi kadılara ait olmasına rağmen hâciblerin ilk etapta siyasi hukuk, akabinde de şerî hukuk ile ilgili çeşitli duruşmalarda yer alarak yargı yetkisini kullandıklarını iddia etmektedir
References
- Ayalon, David. “Studies İn The Structure Of The Mamluk Army Iıı.” Bulletin Of The School Of Oriental And African Studies 16/1 (1954), 57–90.
- Ayalon, David. “The Great Yasa Of Chingiz Khan: A Re-Examination.” Studia Islamica 33 (1977), 97–140.
- Berkey, Jonathan. “Silver Threads Among The Coal’: A Well- Educated Mamluk Of The Ninth/Fifteenth Century.” Studia Islamica 73 (1991), 109–25.
- Berkey, Jonathan. The Transmission Of Knowledge İn Medieval Cairo: A Social History Of Islamic Education. Princeton, 1992.
- El-Kalkaşandî, Ahmed İbn ʿali. Subhü'l-Aʿşâ Fî Kitabâtü'l-İnşâ. Kahire, 1913.
- El-Makrîzî, Takiyyüddin Ebü'l-Abbas. El-Mevâʿiẓ Ve’l-İʿtibar Bi-Zikri’l-Hiṭaṭ Ve’l-Âsâr. Kahire, 1959.
- El-ʿaskalânî, Ahmed İbn Ali İbn Ḥacer. İnbâʾü’l-Ġumr Bi-Ebnâʾi’l-ʿumr. Thk. Hasan Habaşî. Kahire, 1972.
- Es-Sübkî, Taceddin Abdülvehhab İbn ʿali. Kitabu Muʿidü'n-Niʿam Ve-Mübidü'n-Nikam. Kahire, 1948.
- Escovitz, Joseph. The Office Of Qâdî Al-Qudat İn Cairo Under The Bahri Mamlûks. Berlin: Islamkundliche Untersuchungen, 1984.
- Irwin, Robert. “What The Partridge Told The Eagle: A Neglected Arabic Source On Chinggis Khan And The Early History Of The Mongols.” In The Mongol Empire And Its Legacy, Edited By Reuven Amitai-Preiss And David O. Morgan, 5–11. Leiden, 1999.
- Irwin, Robert. The Middle East İn The Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate 1250–1382. Kent: Beckenham, 1986.
- İbn İyâs, Bedâʾiʿu’z-Zühûr Fî Veḳāʾiʿi’d-Dühûr. İstanbul, 1931.
- İbn İyâs. Journal D’un Bourgeois Du Caire. Çev. Gaston Wiet. Paris, 1955.
- İbn Tağrıberdî, Cemaleddin Ebû’l-Mehâsin Yûsuf. En-Nücûmü’z-Zahire Fî Müluki Misr Ve’l-Kahire. Berkeley, 1909.
- İbn Tağrıberdî, Cemaleddin Ebû’l-Mehâsin Yûsuf. Ḥavâdis̱Ü’d-Dühûr Fî Meda’l-Eyyâm Ve’ş-Şühûr. Thk. William Popper. Berkeley, 1930.
- İbn Tağrıberdî, Cemaleddin Ebû’l-Mehâsin Yûsuf. History Of Egypt, 1382–1469 A.D. Çev. William Popper. Berkeley: University Of California Publications İn Semitic Philology, 1954.
- Morgan, David O., “‘The Great Yasa Of Chingiz Khan’ And Mongol Law İn The Ilkhanate.” Bulletin Of The School Of Oriental And African Studies 49 (1986), 163–76.
- Morgan, David O., Medieval Persia, 1040–1797. London, 1988.
- Nielsen, Jørgen S., “Maẓālim And Dar Al-ʿadl Under The Early Mamluks.” Muslim World 66 (1976): 114–32.
- Nielsen, Jørgen S., Secular Justice İn An Islamic State: Maẓālim Under The Bahrî Mamluks 662/1264–789/1387. İstanbul, 1985.
- Poliak. A.N., “Le Caractère Colonial De L’état Mamelouk Dans Ses Rapports Avec La Horde D’or.” Revue Des Études Islamiques 9 (1935), 251–73.
- Poliak. A.N., “The Influence Of Chingiz-Khan’s Yasa Upon The General Organisation Of The Mamluk State.” Bulletin Of The School Of Oriental And African Studies 10/4 (1942), 862–76.
- Poliak. A.N., Feudalism İn Egypt, Syria, Palestine, And The Lebanon, 1250–1900. London, 1939. Popper, William. Egypt And Syria Under The Circassian Sultans, 1382-1468 A.D Systematic Notes To Ibn Taghrî Birdî’s Chronicles Of Egypt. Berkeley: University Of California Publications İn Semitic Philology, 1955.
Abstract
This paper problematizes the powers and activities that administrative officials were responsible for in the Mamlūks. It is emphasized that although the names of the duties remained the same, the nature of these duties changed over time. Focusing specifically on the place of the khājibs in the Mamlūk state, this study argues that after a while they monopolized the legal mechanism. During the 15th century, this study, which focuses on the qāḍī-khājib conflict, discusses the abrogation of sharīʿah law and the issuance of political rulings, and the ability of some low-ranking amirs to intervene in judicial decisions. It argues that although the judicial authority in the Mamlūk state belonged to the qāḍīs, the khājibs exercised judicial authority by taking part in various trials related to first political law and then sharīʿah law.
References
- Ayalon, David. “Studies İn The Structure Of The Mamluk Army Iıı.” Bulletin Of The School Of Oriental And African Studies 16/1 (1954), 57–90.
- Ayalon, David. “The Great Yasa Of Chingiz Khan: A Re-Examination.” Studia Islamica 33 (1977), 97–140.
- Berkey, Jonathan. “Silver Threads Among The Coal’: A Well- Educated Mamluk Of The Ninth/Fifteenth Century.” Studia Islamica 73 (1991), 109–25.
- Berkey, Jonathan. The Transmission Of Knowledge İn Medieval Cairo: A Social History Of Islamic Education. Princeton, 1992.
- El-Kalkaşandî, Ahmed İbn ʿali. Subhü'l-Aʿşâ Fî Kitabâtü'l-İnşâ. Kahire, 1913.
- El-Makrîzî, Takiyyüddin Ebü'l-Abbas. El-Mevâʿiẓ Ve’l-İʿtibar Bi-Zikri’l-Hiṭaṭ Ve’l-Âsâr. Kahire, 1959.
- El-ʿaskalânî, Ahmed İbn Ali İbn Ḥacer. İnbâʾü’l-Ġumr Bi-Ebnâʾi’l-ʿumr. Thk. Hasan Habaşî. Kahire, 1972.
- Es-Sübkî, Taceddin Abdülvehhab İbn ʿali. Kitabu Muʿidü'n-Niʿam Ve-Mübidü'n-Nikam. Kahire, 1948.
- Escovitz, Joseph. The Office Of Qâdî Al-Qudat İn Cairo Under The Bahri Mamlûks. Berlin: Islamkundliche Untersuchungen, 1984.
- Irwin, Robert. “What The Partridge Told The Eagle: A Neglected Arabic Source On Chinggis Khan And The Early History Of The Mongols.” In The Mongol Empire And Its Legacy, Edited By Reuven Amitai-Preiss And David O. Morgan, 5–11. Leiden, 1999.
- Irwin, Robert. The Middle East İn The Middle Ages: The Early Mamluk Sultanate 1250–1382. Kent: Beckenham, 1986.
- İbn İyâs, Bedâʾiʿu’z-Zühûr Fî Veḳāʾiʿi’d-Dühûr. İstanbul, 1931.
- İbn İyâs. Journal D’un Bourgeois Du Caire. Çev. Gaston Wiet. Paris, 1955.
- İbn Tağrıberdî, Cemaleddin Ebû’l-Mehâsin Yûsuf. En-Nücûmü’z-Zahire Fî Müluki Misr Ve’l-Kahire. Berkeley, 1909.
- İbn Tağrıberdî, Cemaleddin Ebû’l-Mehâsin Yûsuf. Ḥavâdis̱Ü’d-Dühûr Fî Meda’l-Eyyâm Ve’ş-Şühûr. Thk. William Popper. Berkeley, 1930.
- İbn Tağrıberdî, Cemaleddin Ebû’l-Mehâsin Yûsuf. History Of Egypt, 1382–1469 A.D. Çev. William Popper. Berkeley: University Of California Publications İn Semitic Philology, 1954.
- Morgan, David O., “‘The Great Yasa Of Chingiz Khan’ And Mongol Law İn The Ilkhanate.” Bulletin Of The School Of Oriental And African Studies 49 (1986), 163–76.
- Morgan, David O., Medieval Persia, 1040–1797. London, 1988.
- Nielsen, Jørgen S., “Maẓālim And Dar Al-ʿadl Under The Early Mamluks.” Muslim World 66 (1976): 114–32.
- Nielsen, Jørgen S., Secular Justice İn An Islamic State: Maẓālim Under The Bahrî Mamluks 662/1264–789/1387. İstanbul, 1985.
- Poliak. A.N., “Le Caractère Colonial De L’état Mamelouk Dans Ses Rapports Avec La Horde D’or.” Revue Des Études Islamiques 9 (1935), 251–73.
- Poliak. A.N., “The Influence Of Chingiz-Khan’s Yasa Upon The General Organisation Of The Mamluk State.” Bulletin Of The School Of Oriental And African Studies 10/4 (1942), 862–76.
- Poliak. A.N., Feudalism İn Egypt, Syria, Palestine, And The Lebanon, 1250–1900. London, 1939. Popper, William. Egypt And Syria Under The Circassian Sultans, 1382-1468 A.D Systematic Notes To Ibn Taghrî Birdî’s Chronicles Of Egypt. Berkeley: University Of California Publications İn Semitic Philology, 1955.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Religious Studies |
| Journal Section | Translation |
| Translators | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2023 |
| Submission Date | December 8, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 |