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Tanzanya Ombudsmanı: Yapısal-Kurumsal ve İşlevsel Yönleri

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 143 - 152, 01.12.2014

  yrd.doç.dr.kadir Caner Doğan

Öz

The Ombudsman is a concept belonging to the public administration and it advocates and have a guardingship for citizens who suffered a vialation of their right and comptennce.from state institutions. In all continents of the world finding application in various state-level, ombudsman is also implemented in Africa. In this study, the aim is given information about Tanzania Ombudsman’s structural-institutional and functional aspects which may help to understand other ombudsman’s structure in Africa. In this context, this study will focus upon the ombudsman of United Republic of Tanzania in order to get benefits and significance of it

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • AINA, K. (2012). “The Relevance of Public Complaints Commission to Nigeria's Democratic Development”, International Journal of Advanced Legal Studies and Governance, 3(3): 1-14.
  • AVŞAR, B. Z. (2007). Ombudsman: İyi Yönetilen Türkiye İçin Kamu Hakemi, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • AWOPEJU, A. ve OYEWOLE A. (2011). “An Assessment of the Cases of Ombudsman (PCC) as a Tool of Accountabılıty in Ondo State, Nigeria”, Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13(4): 61-71.
  • BAYLAN, Ö. (1978). Vatandaşın Devlet Yönetimi Karşısındaki Şikâyetleri ve Türkiye İçin İsveç Ombudsman Formülü, T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Tetkik Kurulu Başkanlığı Yayınları No: 12, Gaye Matbaası, Ankara.
  • BERNARD, F. (1972). “The Tanzanian Permanent Commission of Inquiry-The Ombudsman”, The Denver journal of International Law and Policy, 2(2): 255-286.
  • BRYNARD, D. J. (2000). “South African Public Protector (Ombudsman) Insitution”, (Ed.) GREGORY, R. ve GIDDINGS, P., Righting Wrongs: The Ombudsman in Six Continents, International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS), IOS Press, Amsterdam: 1299-314.
  • BÜYÜKAVCI, M. (2008). “Ombudsmanlık Kurumu”, Ankara Barosu Dergisi, 4: 10-13.
  • CARVER, R. ve HUNT, P. (2000). “National Human Rights Institutions in Africa”, (Ed.) HOSSAIN, K. vd., Human Rights Commissions and Ombudsman Offices: National Experiences throughout the World, Kluwer Law International, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Great Britain: 733-781.
  • COMMISSION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND GOOD GOVERNANCE (CHRAGG). (2014).Tanzania: Lodging and Reporting Human Rights Violations through SMS, http://www.theioi.org/news/tanzania-lodging-and-reporting-human-rights- violations through-sms, 21.10.2014.
  • DEMİR, G. (2002). Ombudsman Aranıyor, Ahi Kültürünü Araştırma Yayınları, Sade Ofset Matbaası, İstanbul.
  • EİSA, (2009). “Tanzania: Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance”, Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa, December 2009, http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-commission-human-rights-and- good-governance, 10.10.2014.
  • EMBASSY OF THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA, (2014). “Government and Politics”, http://tanzaniaembassy-us.org/?page_id=104, 01.10.2014.
  • EREN, H. (2000). “Ombudsman Kurumu”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Erzincan Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, IV(1): 79-96.
  • ERHÜRMAN, T. (1995). Dünyada ve KKTC‟de Ombudsman, Işık Kitabevi Yayınları, Lefkoşa.
  • EROĞLU, H. (1978). İdare Hukuku, Ankara İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademisi Yayını, Kalite Matbaası, Ankara.
  • ERYILMAZ, B. ve ŞEN, M. L. (1994). 2000‟li Yıllara Doğru Türkiye‟de Yerel Yönetimler, MÜSİAD Araştırma Raporları: 5, MÜSİAD Yayınları, Anadolu Matbaacılık, İstanbul.
  • FENDOĞLU, H. T. (2011). Kamu Denetçiliği (Ombudsmanlık), Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara.
  • FINKEL, E. (2013). “Defending Rights, Promoting Democracy: The Institution of Ombudsman in Poland, Russia and Bulgaria”, Helmut Kohl Institute for European Studies, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, European Forum at the Hebrew University, 2006, http://www.ef.huji.ac.il/publications/finkel.pdf, 02.02.2013.
  • GOTTEHRER, M. (1998). “Ombudsman Legislative Resource Document”, Occasional Paper http://www.theioi.org/downloads/e1o60/IOI%20Canada_Occasional%20paper%2 065_Dean%20Gottehrer_Ombudsman%20Legislative%20Resource%20Document _1998.pdf, 03.09.2014. #65 March 1998,
  • HAGAN, J. (1971). “Whatever Happened to Ghana‟s Ombudsman?”, Transition, 40: 28- 32.
  • HATCHARD, J. (1991). “The Ombudsman in Africa Revisited”, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 40(4): 937-948.
  • HATCHARD, J. (1992). “Developing Governmental Accountability: The Role of the Ombudsman”, Third World Legal Studies, 11: 215-230.
  • HONG, S. P. (2011). “A Comparative Study on Ombudsman Institutions in Asian Region”, Anti-Corruption & Civil Rights Commission, Korea, Republic, 2011, www.acrc.go.kr/eng/file/file.do?command=downFile&encodedKey...,, 08.07.2014.
  • HOSSAIN, M. I. (2012). “Towards an Evaluation of Ombudsman in Bangladesh”, Bangladesh Research Foundation Journal, 1(1): 183-188.
  • İTO, (2007). Tanzanya Ülke Raporu, İstanbul Ticaret Odası, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Şubesi, İstanbul.
  • KIWALE, C. (2009). “Strengthening Public Accountability and Governance in Controlling Corruption in Tanzania: the Role of the Ethics Secretariat”, (Ed.) TINDIFA, S., Public Accountability and Good Governance in East Africa, Fountain Publishers, Kampala: 19-23.
  • KTO, (2008). Birleşik Tanzanya Cumhuriyeti Ülke Raporu, Konya Ticaret Odası, Etüd- Araştırma Servisi, Şubat, Konya.
  • KÖSE H. Ö. (1999). “Denetim ve Demokrasi”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 33: 62-85.
  • LAWSON, A. ve RAKNER, L. (2005). “Understanding Patterns of Accountability in Tanzania”, Final Synthesis Report, August 2005, Oxford Policy Management, http://gsdrc.org/docs/open/DOC98.pdf, 07.03.2014.
  • MALLYA, E. T. (2009). “Promoting the Effectiveness of Democracy Protection Institutions in Southern Africa: Tanzania‟s Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance”, EISA Research Report no. 40, Johannesburg, http://www.content.eisa.org.za/pdf/rr40.pdf, 08.09.2014.
  • MUKORO, A. (2014). “The Ombudsman Phenomenon in African States Public Services”, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/AAPAM/UNPAN029881. pdf,10.03.2014.
  • NORTON, P. M. (1973). “The Tanzanian Ombudsman”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 22(04): 603-631.
  • PETER, C. M. (2014). “Human Rights Commissions in Africa-Lessons and challenges”, http://www.kas.de/upload/auslandshomepages/namibia/Human_Rights_in_Africa/ 11_Peter.pdf, 05.07.2014.
  • REIF, L. C. (2004). The Ombudsman, Good Governance and the International Human Rights Systems, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Netherlands.
  • REPOA, (2006). “Combating Corruption in Tanzania: Perception and Experıence”, Afrobarometer http://www.afrobarometer.org/publications/afrobarometer-briefing- papers/item/223-combating-corruption-in-tanzania-perception-and-experience, 12.10.2014. Briefing Paper April 2006,
  • ROSS, S. D. (1973). “A Comparative Study of the Legal Profession in East Africa”, Journal of African Law, 17(3): 279-299.
  • RUPPEL-SCHLICHTING, K. G. (2013). “The Independence of the Ombudsman in Nambia”,http://www.kas.de/upload/auslandshomepages/namibia/Independence_Ju diciary/ruppel-schlichting.pdf, 12.10.2013.
  • SANAGA, S. P. (2007). “The Role of Poor Governance in the Tanzanite-Al Qaeda Link Controversy, and Policy Options for Tanzania Enabling it to Escape from „Curses‟ in the Mining Industry”, International Policy Fellowship Program, December, Budpest, 03.08.2014.
  • SHIYJI, I. G. (2003). “Good Governance, Bad Governance and the Quest for Democracy in Africa: An Alternative Perspective”, Working Paper 04.8, 3-5 October 2003 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228853900_Good_Governance_Bad_Gov ernance_and_the_Quest_for_Democracy_in_Africa_An_Alternative_Perspective, 10.10.2014.
  • TAYŞİ, İ. (1997). “Ombudsman Kurumu ve Ülkemizde Uygulanabilirliği”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 25: 106-123.
  • T.C. DIŞ TİCARET MÜSTEŞARLIĞI, (2005). Tanzanya Birleşik Cumhuriyeti Ülke Profili, T.C. Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı Anlaşmalar Genel Müdürlüğü Afrika Ülkeleri Dairesi, Ankara.
  • TGPSH (2014). Strengthening a Human Rights-based Approach in the Tanzanian-German Programme to Support Health, October 2008, http://www.institut-fuer- menschenrechte.de/uploads/tx_commerce/mission_report_strengthening_hrbased_ approach_in_tanzanian-german_health_programme.pdf, 21.10.2014.
  • OOSTING, M. (2001). “Protecting the Integrity and Independence of the Ombudsman Institution: the Global Perspective”, (Ed.) REIF, L. C., The International Ombudsman Yearbook,. The International Ombudsman Institute, Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, The Netherlands: 1-23.
  • ÖZDEN, K. (2010). Ombudsman: Türkiye‟deki Tartışmalar, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara. UNITED TANZANIA, REPUBLIC OF (2014). “Government Portal”, http://www.tanzania.go.tz/home/pages/10, 02.10.2014.
  • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE (2011). 2010 Human Rights Report: Tanzania, 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Report April 8, 2011, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154373.htm, 21.10.2014.
  • WEEKS, K. M. (1978). Ombudsmen Around the World: A Comparative Chart, Institute of Governmental Studies, California.
  • WORLD BANK (1998). “Tanzania Support to the Government of Tanzania‟s Anti- Corruption Program”, Poverty Reduction and Social Development Unit Africa Region, http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/TanzaniaGCA.pdf, 02.08.2014. October 1998,
  • YEH, S. S. (2011). “Ending Corruption in Africa through United Nations Inspections”, International Affairs, 87(3): 629-650.
  • YILDIZ, N. (1998). Türkiye‟de Belediyelerin Dış Yönetsel Denetimi, T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Mahalli İdareler Kontrolörleri Derneği Yayını, No: 4, Ankara.

TANZANYA OMBUDSMANI: YAPISAL-KURUMSAL VE İŞLEVSEL YÖNLERİ

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 143 - 152, 01.12.2014

  yrd.doç.dr.kadir Caner Doğan

Öz

Ombudsman, genel anlamıyla kamu yönetimine ait bir kavramdır ve hak ve yetki ihlaline uğrayan vatandaşların devlet kurumları karşısında savunuculuğunu ve koruyuculuğunu yapmaktadır. Dünyanın tüm kıtalarında farklı devlet düzeylerinde uygulama alanı bulan ombudsman, Afrika’da da uygulanmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı da Afrika’yı örneklemesi amacıyla Tanzanya Ombudsmanı’nın yapısal-kurumsal ve işlevsel yönlerine bağlı olarak bilgi verilmesidir. Bu sayede de Tanzanya Birleşik Cumhuriyeti için ombudsmanlık kurumunun yararları ve önemi üzerinde durulmak istenmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afrika Ombudsman Denetim Tanzanya

Kaynakça

  • AINA, K. (2012). “The Relevance of Public Complaints Commission to Nigeria's Democratic Development”, International Journal of Advanced Legal Studies and Governance, 3(3): 1-14.
  • AVŞAR, B. Z. (2007). Ombudsman: İyi Yönetilen Türkiye İçin Kamu Hakemi, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • AWOPEJU, A. ve OYEWOLE A. (2011). “An Assessment of the Cases of Ombudsman (PCC) as a Tool of Accountabılıty in Ondo State, Nigeria”, Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 13(4): 61-71.
  • BAYLAN, Ö. (1978). Vatandaşın Devlet Yönetimi Karşısındaki Şikâyetleri ve Türkiye İçin İsveç Ombudsman Formülü, T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Tetkik Kurulu Başkanlığı Yayınları No: 12, Gaye Matbaası, Ankara.
  • BERNARD, F. (1972). “The Tanzanian Permanent Commission of Inquiry-The Ombudsman”, The Denver journal of International Law and Policy, 2(2): 255-286.
  • BRYNARD, D. J. (2000). “South African Public Protector (Ombudsman) Insitution”, (Ed.) GREGORY, R. ve GIDDINGS, P., Righting Wrongs: The Ombudsman in Six Continents, International Institute of Administrative Sciences (IIAS), IOS Press, Amsterdam: 1299-314.
  • BÜYÜKAVCI, M. (2008). “Ombudsmanlık Kurumu”, Ankara Barosu Dergisi, 4: 10-13.
  • CARVER, R. ve HUNT, P. (2000). “National Human Rights Institutions in Africa”, (Ed.) HOSSAIN, K. vd., Human Rights Commissions and Ombudsman Offices: National Experiences throughout the World, Kluwer Law International, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Great Britain: 733-781.
  • COMMISSION FOR HUMAN RIGHTS AND GOOD GOVERNANCE (CHRAGG). (2014).Tanzania: Lodging and Reporting Human Rights Violations through SMS, http://www.theioi.org/news/tanzania-lodging-and-reporting-human-rights- violations through-sms, 21.10.2014.
  • DEMİR, G. (2002). Ombudsman Aranıyor, Ahi Kültürünü Araştırma Yayınları, Sade Ofset Matbaası, İstanbul.
  • EİSA, (2009). “Tanzania: Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance”, Electoral Institute for Sustainable Democracy in Africa, December 2009, http://www.content.eisa.org.za/old-page/tanzania-commission-human-rights-and- good-governance, 10.10.2014.
  • EMBASSY OF THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA, (2014). “Government and Politics”, http://tanzaniaembassy-us.org/?page_id=104, 01.10.2014.
  • EREN, H. (2000). “Ombudsman Kurumu”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Erzincan Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, IV(1): 79-96.
  • ERHÜRMAN, T. (1995). Dünyada ve KKTC‟de Ombudsman, Işık Kitabevi Yayınları, Lefkoşa.
  • EROĞLU, H. (1978). İdare Hukuku, Ankara İktisadi ve Ticari İlimler Akademisi Yayını, Kalite Matbaası, Ankara.
  • ERYILMAZ, B. ve ŞEN, M. L. (1994). 2000‟li Yıllara Doğru Türkiye‟de Yerel Yönetimler, MÜSİAD Araştırma Raporları: 5, MÜSİAD Yayınları, Anadolu Matbaacılık, İstanbul.
  • FENDOĞLU, H. T. (2011). Kamu Denetçiliği (Ombudsmanlık), Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara.
  • FINKEL, E. (2013). “Defending Rights, Promoting Democracy: The Institution of Ombudsman in Poland, Russia and Bulgaria”, Helmut Kohl Institute for European Studies, Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, European Forum at the Hebrew University, 2006, http://www.ef.huji.ac.il/publications/finkel.pdf, 02.02.2013.
  • GOTTEHRER, M. (1998). “Ombudsman Legislative Resource Document”, Occasional Paper http://www.theioi.org/downloads/e1o60/IOI%20Canada_Occasional%20paper%2 065_Dean%20Gottehrer_Ombudsman%20Legislative%20Resource%20Document _1998.pdf, 03.09.2014. #65 March 1998,
  • HAGAN, J. (1971). “Whatever Happened to Ghana‟s Ombudsman?”, Transition, 40: 28- 32.
  • HATCHARD, J. (1991). “The Ombudsman in Africa Revisited”, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 40(4): 937-948.
  • HATCHARD, J. (1992). “Developing Governmental Accountability: The Role of the Ombudsman”, Third World Legal Studies, 11: 215-230.
  • HONG, S. P. (2011). “A Comparative Study on Ombudsman Institutions in Asian Region”, Anti-Corruption & Civil Rights Commission, Korea, Republic, 2011, www.acrc.go.kr/eng/file/file.do?command=downFile&encodedKey...,, 08.07.2014.
  • HOSSAIN, M. I. (2012). “Towards an Evaluation of Ombudsman in Bangladesh”, Bangladesh Research Foundation Journal, 1(1): 183-188.
  • İTO, (2007). Tanzanya Ülke Raporu, İstanbul Ticaret Odası, Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Şubesi, İstanbul.
  • KIWALE, C. (2009). “Strengthening Public Accountability and Governance in Controlling Corruption in Tanzania: the Role of the Ethics Secretariat”, (Ed.) TINDIFA, S., Public Accountability and Good Governance in East Africa, Fountain Publishers, Kampala: 19-23.
  • KTO, (2008). Birleşik Tanzanya Cumhuriyeti Ülke Raporu, Konya Ticaret Odası, Etüd- Araştırma Servisi, Şubat, Konya.
  • KÖSE H. Ö. (1999). “Denetim ve Demokrasi”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 33: 62-85.
  • LAWSON, A. ve RAKNER, L. (2005). “Understanding Patterns of Accountability in Tanzania”, Final Synthesis Report, August 2005, Oxford Policy Management, http://gsdrc.org/docs/open/DOC98.pdf, 07.03.2014.
  • MALLYA, E. T. (2009). “Promoting the Effectiveness of Democracy Protection Institutions in Southern Africa: Tanzania‟s Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance”, EISA Research Report no. 40, Johannesburg, http://www.content.eisa.org.za/pdf/rr40.pdf, 08.09.2014.
  • MUKORO, A. (2014). “The Ombudsman Phenomenon in African States Public Services”, http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/AAPAM/UNPAN029881. pdf,10.03.2014.
  • NORTON, P. M. (1973). “The Tanzanian Ombudsman”, International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 22(04): 603-631.
  • PETER, C. M. (2014). “Human Rights Commissions in Africa-Lessons and challenges”, http://www.kas.de/upload/auslandshomepages/namibia/Human_Rights_in_Africa/ 11_Peter.pdf, 05.07.2014.
  • REIF, L. C. (2004). The Ombudsman, Good Governance and the International Human Rights Systems, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Netherlands.
  • REPOA, (2006). “Combating Corruption in Tanzania: Perception and Experıence”, Afrobarometer http://www.afrobarometer.org/publications/afrobarometer-briefing- papers/item/223-combating-corruption-in-tanzania-perception-and-experience, 12.10.2014. Briefing Paper April 2006,
  • ROSS, S. D. (1973). “A Comparative Study of the Legal Profession in East Africa”, Journal of African Law, 17(3): 279-299.
  • RUPPEL-SCHLICHTING, K. G. (2013). “The Independence of the Ombudsman in Nambia”,http://www.kas.de/upload/auslandshomepages/namibia/Independence_Ju diciary/ruppel-schlichting.pdf, 12.10.2013.
  • SANAGA, S. P. (2007). “The Role of Poor Governance in the Tanzanite-Al Qaeda Link Controversy, and Policy Options for Tanzania Enabling it to Escape from „Curses‟ in the Mining Industry”, International Policy Fellowship Program, December, Budpest, 03.08.2014.
  • SHIYJI, I. G. (2003). “Good Governance, Bad Governance and the Quest for Democracy in Africa: An Alternative Perspective”, Working Paper 04.8, 3-5 October 2003 http://www.researchgate.net/publication/228853900_Good_Governance_Bad_Gov ernance_and_the_Quest_for_Democracy_in_Africa_An_Alternative_Perspective, 10.10.2014.
  • TAYŞİ, İ. (1997). “Ombudsman Kurumu ve Ülkemizde Uygulanabilirliği”, Sayıştay Dergisi, 25: 106-123.
  • T.C. DIŞ TİCARET MÜSTEŞARLIĞI, (2005). Tanzanya Birleşik Cumhuriyeti Ülke Profili, T.C. Başbakanlık Dış Ticaret Müsteşarlığı Anlaşmalar Genel Müdürlüğü Afrika Ülkeleri Dairesi, Ankara.
  • TGPSH (2014). Strengthening a Human Rights-based Approach in the Tanzanian-German Programme to Support Health, October 2008, http://www.institut-fuer- menschenrechte.de/uploads/tx_commerce/mission_report_strengthening_hrbased_ approach_in_tanzanian-german_health_programme.pdf, 21.10.2014.
  • OOSTING, M. (2001). “Protecting the Integrity and Independence of the Ombudsman Institution: the Global Perspective”, (Ed.) REIF, L. C., The International Ombudsman Yearbook,. The International Ombudsman Institute, Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer Law International, The Netherlands: 1-23.
  • ÖZDEN, K. (2010). Ombudsman: Türkiye‟deki Tartışmalar, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara. UNITED TANZANIA, REPUBLIC OF (2014). “Government Portal”, http://www.tanzania.go.tz/home/pages/10, 02.10.2014.
  • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE (2011). 2010 Human Rights Report: Tanzania, 2010 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices Report April 8, 2011, http://www.state.gov/j/drl/rls/hrrpt/2010/af/154373.htm, 21.10.2014.
  • WEEKS, K. M. (1978). Ombudsmen Around the World: A Comparative Chart, Institute of Governmental Studies, California.
  • WORLD BANK (1998). “Tanzania Support to the Government of Tanzania‟s Anti- Corruption Program”, Poverty Reduction and Social Development Unit Africa Region, http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/anticorrupt/TanzaniaGCA.pdf, 02.08.2014. October 1998,
  • YEH, S. S. (2011). “Ending Corruption in Africa through United Nations Inspections”, International Affairs, 87(3): 629-650.
  • YILDIZ, N. (1998). Türkiye‟de Belediyelerin Dış Yönetsel Denetimi, T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Mahalli İdareler Kontrolörleri Derneği Yayını, No: 4, Ankara.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

  yrd.doç.dr.kadir Caner Doğan Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2014
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2014 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Doğan, .C. (2014). TANZANYA OMBUDSMANI: YAPISAL-KURUMSAL VE İŞLEVSEL YÖNLERİ. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(4), 143-152.