Güvenlik İklimi Ölçeği’nin Geçerlilik ve Güvenilirlik Çalışması
Yıl 2014,
Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 171 - 190, 01.12.2014
dr.ufuk Türen
dr.yunus Gökmen
dr.ismail Tokmak
dr.mustafa Bekmezci
Öz
In lethal occupational accidents index Turkey has the first place among European countries and third place in the world. In the literature devising safety climate in organizations is considered one of the most important factors reducing the risk of occupational accidents. In this paper a measure of safety climate which is designed and tested in foreign samples is adapted to Turkish and its reliability and validity is tested in order to provide literature with a Turkish safety measure. The field survey is conducted to medical and high technology electronics sector employees. As a result it is found that the scale adapted is suitable for Turkish language and culture since almost same significant reliability and validity scores are calculated
Kaynakça
- AHMAD, R.K., ve GIBB, A.G. (2003). ―Measuring Safety Culture With SPMT—FieldData‖, Journal of Construction Research, 4(01): 29-44.
- ALKIġ, H. ve TAġPINAR, Y. (2012). ―ĠĢçi Sağlığı ve ĠĢ Güvenliğinde Yeni YaklaĢımlar, Demir Çelik Sektörü ÇalıĢanlarının ĠĢçi Sağlığı ve ĠĢ Güvenliği Algısı: Konya Örneği‖, International Iron & Steel Symposium, 02-04 April 2012, Karabük, Türkiye, 1190-1196.
- ANDERSON J. C. ve GERBING D. W. (1984). ―The Effect of Sampling Error on Convergence, Improper Solutions, and Goodness-Of-Fit Indices For Maximum Likelihood Confirmatory Factor Analysis‖, Psychometrika, 49: 155-173.
- ANDOH, M. (2013). ―The Relationship Between Leadership Style and Safety Climate: A Case Study of Goldfields Ghana Limited, Tarkwa-Cil Plant‖, Blekinge Institute of Technology Scholl of Management, Master Thesis. Karlskrona, Sweden.
- ASHFORTH, B. E. (1985). ―Climate Formation: Issues and Extensions, Academy of Management Review‖, 10(4): 837-847.
- AYDOĞAN, Z. F. (2004). ―Örgüt Kültürü ve Ġklimi‖, Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Sayı:2: 203-215.
- BECKER, A., HAGENBERG, N., ROESSNER, V., WOERNER, W. ve ROTHENBERGER, A. (2004). ―Evaluation of The Self-Reported SDQ in A Clinical Setting: Do Self-Report Tell Us More Than Ratings By Adult Ġnformants?‖ European Child ve Adolescent Psychiatry, 13: 17-24.
- BRISLIN, R.W., LONNER, W.J. ve THORNDIKE, R.M. (1973). Cross-Cultural Research Methods, 1st Edition, Canada, John Wiley&Sons Pub.
- BÜLBÜL, H. ve DEMĠRER, Ö. (2008). ―Hizmet Kalitesi Ölçüm Modelleri SERVQUAL ve SERPERF’in KarĢılaĢtırmalı Analizi‖, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20: 181-198.
- BÜYÜKÖZTÜRK, ġ. (2007). Sosyal Bilimler Ġçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı, Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
- BYRNE, B.M. (1994). Structural Equation Modeling With EQS and EQS/Windows. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- CEYHUN, G.Ç. (2014), ―Güvenlik Ġklimi ve ĠĢ-Aile ÇatıĢmasının Yorgunluğa Etkileri: Türk Kılavuz Kaptanlar Üzerine Bir AraĢtırma‖, Journal of Business Research Turk, 6(2): 91-105
- CHOUDHRY, R.M., FANG, D., ve LINGARD, H. (2009). ―Measuring Safety Climate of A Construction Company‖, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(9): 890-899.
- CLARKE S. (2006). ―The Relationship Between Safety Climate and Safety Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review‖, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(4):315- 27.
- CLISSOLD, G. (2005), ―Role Stress As A Predictor of Safety Climate and Safety Performance‖, Working Paper 66/05, Monash University Department of Management, http://www.buseco.monash.edu.au/mgt/research/workingpapers/ 2005/wp66-05.pdf, ERĠġĠM TARĠHĠ: 15.06.2014.
- COOPER, M. D. ve PHILLIPS, R.A. (2004). ―Exploratory Analysis of The Safety Climate and Safety Behavior Relationship‖, Journal of Safety Research, 35(5): 497-512.
- DEDOBBELEER, N. ve BELAND, F. (1991). ―A Safety Climate Measure For Construction Sites‖, Journal of Safety Research, 22: 97-103.
- DEJOY, D.M. (1985). ―Attributional Processes and Hazard Control Management In Industry‖, Journal of Safety Research, 16: 61-71
- GRIFFIN, M. A. ve NEAL, A. (2000). ―Perceptions of Safety At Work: A Framework For Linking Safety Climate To Safety Performance, Knowledge and Motivation‖, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3): 347-358.
- GUASTELLO, S.J. (1992). ―Accidents and Stress-related Health Disorders Among Bus Operators: Forecasting With Catastrophe Theory‖. In J.C. Quick, L.R. Murphy, ve J.J. Hurrell, Jr. (Eds.), Stress and Well-Being At Work (pp. 252–269).
- GÜÇLÜ, N. (2003). ―Örgüt Kültürü‖, Kırgızistan Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6: 147-159.
- GYEKYE, S. ve SALMINEN, S. (2010). ―Organizational Safety Climate and Work Experience‖. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE) 2010, 16 (4): 431–443
- HAYES, B. E., PERANDER, J., SMECKO, T. ve TRASK, J. (1998). ―Measuring Perceptions of Workplace Safety: Development and Validation of The Work Safety Scale‖, Journal of Safety Research, 29(3), 145-161.
- HOFMANN, D. A. ve STETZER, A. (1998). ―The Role of Safety Climate and Communication in Accident Interpretation: Implications For Learning From Negative Events‖, Academy of Management Journal, 41(6): 644-657.
- HU, L. T., ve BENTLER, P. M. (1995). ―Evaluating Model Fit‖, In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications (pp. 76-99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- HUANG, Y. H., HO, M., SMITH, G. S. ve CHEN, P.Y. (2006). ―Safety Climate and SelfReported Injury: Assessing The Mediating Role of Employee Safety Control‖, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(3): 425-433.
- MARSH, H.W. ve HOCEVAR, D. (1985). ―Application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis To The Study of Self-Concept: First- and Higher-Order Factor Models and Their Invariance Across Groups‖, Psychological Bulletin, 97: 562–582.
- MEARNS, K., WHĠTAKER, S. M. ve FLIN, R. (2003). ―Safety Climate, Safety Management Practice and Safety Performance In Offshore Environments‖ Safety Science, 41(8): 641-680.
- MEYERS, L.S., GAMST, G. C. ve GUARINO, C. (2005).‖ Applied Multivariate Research: Design and Interpretation‖, SAGE Publications. ISBN-13: 978-1412904124.
- MOSHER, G.A., KEREN, N., FREEMAN, S. A., ve HURBURGH Jr, C.R. (2013). ―Measurement of Worker Perceptions of Trust and Safety Climate In Managers and Supervisors At Commercial Grain Elevators‖, Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 19(2): 125.
- NEAL, A., GRĠFFĠN, M.A. ve HART, P.M. (2000). ―The Impact of Organizational Climate on Safety Climate and Individual Behavior, Safety Science‖, 34(1): 99- 109.
- NEAL, A. ve GRIFFIN, M. A. (2006). ―A Study of The Lagged Relationships Among Safety Climate, Safety Motivation, Safety Behavior, and Accidents At The Individual and Group Levels‖, Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4): 946–953.
- OWENS, R. (1987). Organizational Behavior In Education. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- ÖREN, K., ERDEM, B. ve KAPLAN, M. (2005), ―Örgütsel Kültürün ĠĢgücü Verimliliğine Etkisi‖, Kamu-ĠĢ, Cilt: 8(2): 1-21., http://www.kamu-is.org.tr/pdf/821.pdf, ERĠġĠM TARĠHĠ:18.06.2014.
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- ÖZKAN, Ö ve EMĠROĞLU, O.N., (2006). ―Hastane Sağlık ÇalıĢanlarına Yönelik ĠĢçi Sağlığı ve ĠĢ Güvenliği Hizmetleri‖, C.Ü. HemĢirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 10 (3): 43-51.
- ÖZTÜRK, H.,ve BABACAN, E.(2012). ―Bir Ölçek GeliĢtirme ÇalıĢması: Hastanede ÇalıĢan Sağlık Personeli Ġçin ĠĢ Güvenliği Ölçeği‖. HemĢirelikte Eğitim ve AraĢtırma Dergisi, 9 (1): 36-42.
- RUTTER, A. (2007). ―A Study of the Organizational Safety Culture of the Electricity Distribution Industry In New South Wales: Identifying Organizational Safety Culture‖, International Employment Relations Review, 13(2): 59-67.
- SADULLAH, O., ve KANTEN, S. (2009). ―A Research on The Effect of Organizational Safety Climate Upon The Safe Behaviors‖, Ege Academic Review, 9(3): 923-932.
- SAVAġIR, I. (1994). ―Ölçek Uyarlamasındaki Bazı Sorunlar ve Çözüm Yolları‖, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 33(9):27-32.
- SCHERMELLEH, E. K., MOOSBRUGGER, H. ve MÜLER, H. (2003). ―Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures‖, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8 (2): 23- 74.
- SCHNEIDER, B. (1990). ―The Climate For Service: An Application of the Climate Construct‖, In B. Schneider (Ed.), Organizational Climate and Culture (pp.383– 412). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- SCHUMACKER, R. E., ve LOMAX, R.G. (2004). A Beginner's Guide To Structural Equation Modeling, Second Edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- SGK (2014), Ġstatistik Yıllıkları (2012), http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/tr/ kurumsal/istatistikler/sgk_istatistik_yilliklari, ERĠġĠM TARĠHĠ:25.08.2014
- SOENDERSTRUP-ANDERSEN, H. H., CARLSEN, K., KĠNES, P., BJOERNER, J. B., ve ROEPSTORFF, C. (2011). ―Exploring The Relationship Between Leadership Style and Safety Climate In A Large Scale Danish Cross-Sectional Study‖, Safety Science Monitor, 15(1): 1-9.
- STEIGER, J. H. (1990). ―Structural Model Evaluation and Modification: An Interval Estimation Approach‖, Multivariate Behavioural Research, 25: 173-180.
- STRICOFF, R. S. (2000). ―Safety Performance Measurement: Identifying Prospective Indicators With High Validity‖, Professional Safety,45(1): 36-39.
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GÜVENLİK İKLİMİ ÖLÇEĞİ’NİN GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Yıl 2014,
Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 171 - 190, 01.12.2014
dr.ufuk Türen
dr.yunus Gökmen
dr.ismail Tokmak
dr.mustafa Bekmezci
Öz
Türkiye ölümlü iş kazaları sıralamasında Avrupa’da birinci, dünyada üçüncü sırada bulunmaktadır. Yazında iş yerlerinde iş kazalarının en aza indirilmesi hedefine ulaşmak için en önemli hususlardan birisi olarak güvenlik ikliminin tesis edilmesi görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada örgütlerde iş güvenliği iklimini ölçmeye yönelik olarak tasarlanmış ve yabancı örneklemler üzerinde denenmiş bir ölçeğin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenilirlik sınamasının yapılması ve yerli yazına Türkçe bir ölçek kazandırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma iki ayrı örneklem grubunda yapılmıştır. Birinci örneklem kamuya bağlı sağlık kuruluşları çalışanlarından, ikinci örneklem ise elektronik sektöründe faaliyet gösteren bir işletmenin çalışanlarından oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan analizlere göre her iki örneklem grubu için de ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu belirlenmiş olup söz konusu ölçeğin Türk dili ve kültür özellikleri ile uyumlu olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır
Kaynakça
- AHMAD, R.K., ve GIBB, A.G. (2003). ―Measuring Safety Culture With SPMT—FieldData‖, Journal of Construction Research, 4(01): 29-44.
- ALKIġ, H. ve TAġPINAR, Y. (2012). ―ĠĢçi Sağlığı ve ĠĢ Güvenliğinde Yeni YaklaĢımlar, Demir Çelik Sektörü ÇalıĢanlarının ĠĢçi Sağlığı ve ĠĢ Güvenliği Algısı: Konya Örneği‖, International Iron & Steel Symposium, 02-04 April 2012, Karabük, Türkiye, 1190-1196.
- ANDERSON J. C. ve GERBING D. W. (1984). ―The Effect of Sampling Error on Convergence, Improper Solutions, and Goodness-Of-Fit Indices For Maximum Likelihood Confirmatory Factor Analysis‖, Psychometrika, 49: 155-173.
- ANDOH, M. (2013). ―The Relationship Between Leadership Style and Safety Climate: A Case Study of Goldfields Ghana Limited, Tarkwa-Cil Plant‖, Blekinge Institute of Technology Scholl of Management, Master Thesis. Karlskrona, Sweden.
- ASHFORTH, B. E. (1985). ―Climate Formation: Issues and Extensions, Academy of Management Review‖, 10(4): 837-847.
- AYDOĞAN, Z. F. (2004). ―Örgüt Kültürü ve Ġklimi‖, Ticaret ve Turizm Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi Sayı:2: 203-215.
- BECKER, A., HAGENBERG, N., ROESSNER, V., WOERNER, W. ve ROTHENBERGER, A. (2004). ―Evaluation of The Self-Reported SDQ in A Clinical Setting: Do Self-Report Tell Us More Than Ratings By Adult Ġnformants?‖ European Child ve Adolescent Psychiatry, 13: 17-24.
- BRISLIN, R.W., LONNER, W.J. ve THORNDIKE, R.M. (1973). Cross-Cultural Research Methods, 1st Edition, Canada, John Wiley&Sons Pub.
- BÜLBÜL, H. ve DEMĠRER, Ö. (2008). ―Hizmet Kalitesi Ölçüm Modelleri SERVQUAL ve SERPERF’in KarĢılaĢtırmalı Analizi‖, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20: 181-198.
- BÜYÜKÖZTÜRK, ġ. (2007). Sosyal Bilimler Ġçin Veri Analizi El Kitabı, Ankara: Pegem A Yayıncılık.
- BYRNE, B.M. (1994). Structural Equation Modeling With EQS and EQS/Windows. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
- CEYHUN, G.Ç. (2014), ―Güvenlik Ġklimi ve ĠĢ-Aile ÇatıĢmasının Yorgunluğa Etkileri: Türk Kılavuz Kaptanlar Üzerine Bir AraĢtırma‖, Journal of Business Research Turk, 6(2): 91-105
- CHOUDHRY, R.M., FANG, D., ve LINGARD, H. (2009). ―Measuring Safety Climate of A Construction Company‖, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 135(9): 890-899.
- CLARKE S. (2006). ―The Relationship Between Safety Climate and Safety Performance: A Meta-Analytic Review‖, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(4):315- 27.
- CLISSOLD, G. (2005), ―Role Stress As A Predictor of Safety Climate and Safety Performance‖, Working Paper 66/05, Monash University Department of Management, http://www.buseco.monash.edu.au/mgt/research/workingpapers/ 2005/wp66-05.pdf, ERĠġĠM TARĠHĠ: 15.06.2014.
- COOPER, M. D. ve PHILLIPS, R.A. (2004). ―Exploratory Analysis of The Safety Climate and Safety Behavior Relationship‖, Journal of Safety Research, 35(5): 497-512.
- DEDOBBELEER, N. ve BELAND, F. (1991). ―A Safety Climate Measure For Construction Sites‖, Journal of Safety Research, 22: 97-103.
- DEJOY, D.M. (1985). ―Attributional Processes and Hazard Control Management In Industry‖, Journal of Safety Research, 16: 61-71
- GRIFFIN, M. A. ve NEAL, A. (2000). ―Perceptions of Safety At Work: A Framework For Linking Safety Climate To Safety Performance, Knowledge and Motivation‖, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5(3): 347-358.
- GUASTELLO, S.J. (1992). ―Accidents and Stress-related Health Disorders Among Bus Operators: Forecasting With Catastrophe Theory‖. In J.C. Quick, L.R. Murphy, ve J.J. Hurrell, Jr. (Eds.), Stress and Well-Being At Work (pp. 252–269).
- GÜÇLÜ, N. (2003). ―Örgüt Kültürü‖, Kırgızistan Manas Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6: 147-159.
- GYEKYE, S. ve SALMINEN, S. (2010). ―Organizational Safety Climate and Work Experience‖. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE) 2010, 16 (4): 431–443
- HAYES, B. E., PERANDER, J., SMECKO, T. ve TRASK, J. (1998). ―Measuring Perceptions of Workplace Safety: Development and Validation of The Work Safety Scale‖, Journal of Safety Research, 29(3), 145-161.
- HOFMANN, D. A. ve STETZER, A. (1998). ―The Role of Safety Climate and Communication in Accident Interpretation: Implications For Learning From Negative Events‖, Academy of Management Journal, 41(6): 644-657.
- HU, L. T., ve BENTLER, P. M. (1995). ―Evaluating Model Fit‖, In R. H. Hoyle (Ed.), Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues, and Applications (pp. 76-99). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- HUANG, Y. H., HO, M., SMITH, G. S. ve CHEN, P.Y. (2006). ―Safety Climate and SelfReported Injury: Assessing The Mediating Role of Employee Safety Control‖, Accident Analysis & Prevention, 38(3): 425-433.
- MARSH, H.W. ve HOCEVAR, D. (1985). ―Application of Confirmatory Factor Analysis To The Study of Self-Concept: First- and Higher-Order Factor Models and Their Invariance Across Groups‖, Psychological Bulletin, 97: 562–582.
- MEARNS, K., WHĠTAKER, S. M. ve FLIN, R. (2003). ―Safety Climate, Safety Management Practice and Safety Performance In Offshore Environments‖ Safety Science, 41(8): 641-680.
- MEYERS, L.S., GAMST, G. C. ve GUARINO, C. (2005).‖ Applied Multivariate Research: Design and Interpretation‖, SAGE Publications. ISBN-13: 978-1412904124.
- MOSHER, G.A., KEREN, N., FREEMAN, S. A., ve HURBURGH Jr, C.R. (2013). ―Measurement of Worker Perceptions of Trust and Safety Climate In Managers and Supervisors At Commercial Grain Elevators‖, Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 19(2): 125.
- NEAL, A., GRĠFFĠN, M.A. ve HART, P.M. (2000). ―The Impact of Organizational Climate on Safety Climate and Individual Behavior, Safety Science‖, 34(1): 99- 109.
- NEAL, A. ve GRIFFIN, M. A. (2006). ―A Study of The Lagged Relationships Among Safety Climate, Safety Motivation, Safety Behavior, and Accidents At The Individual and Group Levels‖, Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4): 946–953.
- OWENS, R. (1987). Organizational Behavior In Education. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- ÖREN, K., ERDEM, B. ve KAPLAN, M. (2005), ―Örgütsel Kültürün ĠĢgücü Verimliliğine Etkisi‖, Kamu-ĠĢ, Cilt: 8(2): 1-21., http://www.kamu-is.org.tr/pdf/821.pdf, ERĠġĠM TARĠHĠ:18.06.2014.
- ÖRÜCÜ, E. ve AYHAN, N., (2001). ―Örgüt Kültürü (Muğla Üniversitesi Örneği)‖, Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Sayı:2: 87-105.
- ÖZKAN, Ö ve EMĠROĞLU, O.N., (2006). ―Hastane Sağlık ÇalıĢanlarına Yönelik ĠĢçi Sağlığı ve ĠĢ Güvenliği Hizmetleri‖, C.Ü. HemĢirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 10 (3): 43-51.
- ÖZTÜRK, H.,ve BABACAN, E.(2012). ―Bir Ölçek GeliĢtirme ÇalıĢması: Hastanede ÇalıĢan Sağlık Personeli Ġçin ĠĢ Güvenliği Ölçeği‖. HemĢirelikte Eğitim ve AraĢtırma Dergisi, 9 (1): 36-42.
- RUTTER, A. (2007). ―A Study of the Organizational Safety Culture of the Electricity Distribution Industry In New South Wales: Identifying Organizational Safety Culture‖, International Employment Relations Review, 13(2): 59-67.
- SADULLAH, O., ve KANTEN, S. (2009). ―A Research on The Effect of Organizational Safety Climate Upon The Safe Behaviors‖, Ege Academic Review, 9(3): 923-932.
- SAVAġIR, I. (1994). ―Ölçek Uyarlamasındaki Bazı Sorunlar ve Çözüm Yolları‖, Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 33(9):27-32.
- SCHERMELLEH, E. K., MOOSBRUGGER, H. ve MÜLER, H. (2003). ―Evaluating the Fit of Structural Equation Models: Tests of Significance and Descriptive Goodness-of-Fit Measures‖, Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8 (2): 23- 74.
- SCHNEIDER, B. (1990). ―The Climate For Service: An Application of the Climate Construct‖, In B. Schneider (Ed.), Organizational Climate and Culture (pp.383– 412). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- SCHUMACKER, R. E., ve LOMAX, R.G. (2004). A Beginner's Guide To Structural Equation Modeling, Second Edition. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- SGK (2014), Ġstatistik Yıllıkları (2012), http://www.sgk.gov.tr/wps/portal/tr/ kurumsal/istatistikler/sgk_istatistik_yilliklari, ERĠġĠM TARĠHĠ:25.08.2014
- SOENDERSTRUP-ANDERSEN, H. H., CARLSEN, K., KĠNES, P., BJOERNER, J. B., ve ROEPSTORFF, C. (2011). ―Exploring The Relationship Between Leadership Style and Safety Climate In A Large Scale Danish Cross-Sectional Study‖, Safety Science Monitor, 15(1): 1-9.
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