BIODIVERSITY AT THE CROSSROADS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Year 2017, Volume: 22 Issue: 3, 825 - 837, 30.07.2017

Hacı Kurt

Abstract

Biodiversity which includes all life forms on earth is one of the most important components of environmental issues and dramatic decrease of biodiversity in last decades threatens the future of humanity. Many publications, reports and researches on the subject clearly show this reality. In this context, despite increasing consciousness of the issue by society and international community, measures taken by governments, society and individuals are very far away and indifferent compared to speed of biodiversity loss. Biodiversity issues either cause or result of other environmental issues such as climate change, global warming, deforestation, overpopulation and so on, and in most cases biodiversity is not only cause but also result of other environmental problems. Therefore, at the crossroads of environmental issues, as a key problem, the loss of biodiversity with relations to other socio-economic and ethical issues and maybe, the most important one as the issue of the future of humanity, biodiversity will be analyzed in this study.

Keywords

Environment, Loss of Species, Biodiversity and Economics, Environmental Consciousness

ÇEVRE SORUNLARININ KAVŞAĞINDA BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİK

Abstract

Yeryüzünde var olan bütün yaşam formlarını içine alan biyolojik çeşitlilik kavramı çevre sorunlarının önemli bileşenlerinden biridir ve son birkaç on yılda görülen biyolojik çeşitlilikteki dramatik azalma insanlığın geleceğini tehdit eder duruma gelmiştir. Birçok bilimsel yayın, rapor ve araştırma bu süreci açıkça ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çerçevede, sorunun farkına varma konusunda bir bilinçlenmenin olduğunu kabul etmekle birlikte alınan önlemlerin yetersiz ve biyolojik çeşitlilikteki azalmanın hızının çok gerisinde kaldığı görülmektedir. Biyolojik çeşitlilik sorunu, iklim değişikliği ve küresel ısınma, ormansızlaşma, aşırı nüfus artışı gibi çevre sorunlarının nedeni veya sonucu, çoğu zaman da hem nedeni hem sonucu olan bir olgudur. Bu bağlamda, çevre sorunlarının kavşak noktasında, kilit öneme sahip bir sorun olan biyolojik çeşitlilik kaybı, bu çalışmada diğer sorunlarla ilişkisi bağlamında, etik bir sorun, ekonomik bir sorun, toplumsal bir sorun ve her şeyden önce bir gelecek sorunudur. Bu nedenle kendisi de biyolojik çeşitliliğin bir parçası olan insanoğlunun varoluş sorunu olarak ele alınarak analiz edilecektir.

Keywords

Çevre, Tür Kaybı, Biyolojik Çeşitlilik ve Ekonomi, Çevre Bilinci

References

• CORDELL, G. A. (2000). “Biodiversity and drug discovery – a symbiotic relationship”, Phytochemistry, 55: 463-480
• DUNCAN, P. D. (1978). Tallgrass Prairie: The Inland Sea, Kansas City, MO: Lowell.
• DUNN, R. R. (2005). “Modern Insect Extinctions, the Neglected Majority”, Conservation Biology, Vol. 19, Issue: 4: 1030-1036.
• ENDANGERED SPECIES INTERNATIONAL, “Why protect biodiversity and save endangered species?”, http://www.endangeredspeciesinternati onal.org/overview4.html (26.06.2015)
• HELLMANN, J. J. & SANDERS, N. J. (2007). “The Extent and Future of Global Insect Diversity”, In: HESTER R. E. & HARRISON R. M. (Ed.) (2007), Biodiversity Under Threat, The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge: .33-55.
• IUCN, (2015). “Conservation successes overshadowed by more species declines-IUCN Red List Update”, http//www.iucn.org/news_hompage/?2 1561/Conservation-successes- overshadoved-by-more- speciesdeclines—IUCN-Red-List- update (25.06.2015)
• LEOPOLD, A. (1949). Thinking Like a Mountain, In: A Sand County Almanac, and Sketches Here and There, New York: Oxford University Press: 129-133
• LOCKWOOD, J. A. (1999). “Agriculture and biodiversity: Finding our place in this world”, Agriculture and Human Values 16: 365-379.
• MAWDSLEY, N. A. VE STORK, N. E. (1995). “Species Extinctions in Innsects: Ecological and biogeographical considerations”, In: R. Harrington and N. E. Stork, editors. Insects in a Changing Environment, Academic Press, London: 321-369.
• MOONEY, H. A. (1988). “Lessons from Mediterranean Climate Regions”, In: Wilson, E.O. (Ed.), Biodiversity. The National Academies Press, Washington, DC: 157-165
• MUNOZ-BLANCO, J., VON ESSEN, M. & HOFFMANN, A. (2015).“Biodiversity for the present and future of humanity: A suggestion fort the SDG process”, SDG.earthsystemgovernance.org Discussion Paper. Lund: Earth System Governance Project.
• MYERS, N. (1993). “Biodiversity and the Precautionary Principle”, Ambio, Vol.22, No. 2/3: 74-79.
• NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWS , (October 28, 2010). “First Extinct- Animal Clone Created”, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/ne ws/2009/02/090210-bucardo- clone.html (06.07.2015); The Sixth Extinction, “Species Info Pyrenean Ibex”, http://www.petermaas.nl/extinct/specie sinfo/pyreneanibex.html (06.07.2015)
• NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM, “Why conserve biodiversity?”, http://internt.nhm.ac.uk/nature- online/biodiversity/why-conserve- biodiversity/index.html (25.06.2015)
• ÖZBEK, H. (2002). “Arılar ve Doğa”, Uludağ Arıcılık Dergisi, Ağustos sayısı: 22-25
• UNEP (2010). “Greening Economies”, Our Planet, September 2010: 18-23
• UNION FOR ETHICAL BIOTRADE (2014). UEBT Biodiversity Barometer 2009-2014, ethicalbiotrade.org/dl/barometer/UEBT _Biodiversity_Barometer_2014.pdf (25.06.2015)
• UNITED NATIONS (1992). Convention on Biological Diversity, https://www.cbd.int/doc/legal/cbd- en.pdf (01.07.2015)
• UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME (2012). The Future We Want: Biodiversity and Ecosystems – Driving Sustainable Development. United Nations Development Programme Biodiversity and Ecosystems Global Framework 2012-2020. New York.
• WESTON, B. H. (2012). “The Theoretical Foundation of Intergenerational Ecological Justice: An Overview”, Human Rights Quarterly, Vol. 34: 251-266
• WILSON, E. O. (1988). “The current state of biological diversity “, in E. O. Wilson (ed.), Biodiversity, Washington DC.: The National Academies Press: 3- 18
• WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE (WWF), Living Planet Report 2012, World Wide Fund for Nature, Gland, Switzerland
• WORLD WIDE FUND FOR NATURE (WWF), Living Planet Report 2014, World Wide Fund for Nature, Gland, Switzerland
• YULE, J. V., FOURNIER, R. J. & HINDMARSH, P. I. (2013). “Biodiversity, Extinction, and Humanity’s Future: The Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Human Population and Resource Use”, Humanities, 2: 147-159.