Demographic Differences in Financial Risk Tolerance

Year 2023, Volume: 28 Issue: 4, 427 - 441, 31.10.2023

Yusuf Bahadır Kavas , Batuhan Medetoğlu

Abstract

In the article “Portfolio Selection”, which was brought to the literature by Markowitz (1952), the concepts of expected return and risk are stated as factors that play an important role in influencing investment preferences. In this study, various analyzes were carried out by determining the differences of investment and expectation risk according to demographic factors. The variables considered are gender, marital status, number of children, age, income status and occupation. In the study conducted for the internal stakeholders of universities in Turkey, 10 questions were asked, and 704 responses were received. As a result of the study, evaluations were made by showing the differences of the variables according to the investment and expectation risk. Single individuals have higher levels of investment risk and expectation risk than married individuals, those without children than those with children, young people than middle-aged individuals, and students than both academic and administrative staff. Although there is no significant difference between men and women in terms of investment risk, women take more risks than men do in terms of expectation risk. It was found that there was no significant difference between the participants in terms of investment risk as income increased.

Keywords

Financial Risk, Investment Risk, Demographic Characteristics, t-Test

Finansal Risk Toleransında Demografik Farklılıklar

Abstract

Markowitz (1952) tarafından literatüre kazandırılan “Portföy Seçimi” makalesi ile beklenen getiri ve risk kavramları yatırım tercihlerini etkilemede önemli rol oynayan faktörler olarak belirtilmiştir. Bireylerin üstlenmiş oldukları risk, tercih edilen finansal varlıkları etkilemektedir. Finansal risk, beklenen getirinin gerçekleşmeme ihtimali olarak tanımlanmakta ve çeşitli türlere ayrılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, yatırım ve beklenti riskinin demografik faktörlere göre farklılıklarının tespiti ile çeşitli analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ele alınan değişkenler, cinsiyet, medeni hal, çocuk sayısı, yaş, gelir durumu ve meslektir. Türkiye’de üniversitelerin iç paydaşlarına yönelik gerçekleştirilen çalışmada 10 soru sorulmuş ve 704 yanıt alınmıştır. Alınan yanıtlar, t testi ve ANOVA ile analiz edilerek nicel bulgular elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda değişkenlerin, yatırım ve beklenti riskine göre farklılıkları gösterilerek değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Bekar bireyler evlilerden; çocuğu olmayanların çocuğu olanlardan; gençler orta yaşlı bireylerden; öğrenciler hem akademik hem de idari personellerden daha yüksek düzeyde yatırım riski ve beklenti riski almışlardır. Kadın ve erkek açısından yatırım riskinde anlamlı farklılık olmamasına karşın, beklenti riskinde kadınlar erkeklerden daha fazla risk almaktadır. Gelir arttıkça yatırım riski açısından katılımcılar arasında anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı bulgulanmıştır. Bu durumun aksine beklenti riski açısından geliri olmayanların daha fazla risk aldıkları, gelir düzeyi arttıkça beklenti riskinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Finansal Risk, Yatırım Riski, Demografik Özellikler, t Testi

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