The Therapeutic Potency of Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis for Alzheimer's and Microbial Diseases

Abstract

The goal of the present study, to investigate for the methanolic extract from the aerial parts of Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis in terms of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory and antimicrobial effects to detect therapeutic potential of Alzheimer's and microbial diseases. Alzheimer’s disease is a serious health problem because of its memory defect effect related with neurodegenerative damage. Microorganisms are associated with many ailments that cause negative effects on human health. Hesperis genus is represented by 28 genus in Turkey. Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis was selected for the study among from the genus. The inhibitory activities of AChE and BuChE of Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis were determined by colorimetric Ellman’s method and the antimicrobial activity was executed using agar diffusion method. As a result of the study, the antimicrobial activity of Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis was observed on Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Klebsiella pneumonia subp. Pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Bacillus cereus and Candida albicans. The IC50 values for inhibitory activities of AChE and BuChE of Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis have been found as 316.23 ± 2.15 and 74.13 ± 0.85 µg mL-1, respectively. Because of significiant inhibitory effects on AChE and BuChE and antimicrobial activity, Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis can be a candidate alternative natural drug source in the treatment of Alzheimer's and many microbial diseases.

Keywords

• Antimicrobial activity
• cholinesterase inhibition
• Hesperis matronalis

Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis’in Alzheimer ve Mikrobiyal Rahatsızlıklar için Terapötik Potansiyeli

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Hesperis matronalis subsp. matronalis’in topraküstü kısımlarının methanol ekstresinin, Alzheimer hastalığı ve mikrobiyal rahatsızlıklar için tedavi edici potansiyelinin belirlenebilmesi için, asetilkolinesteraz (AChE) ve butirilkolinesteraz (BuChE) inhibitor etkilerinin ve antimikrobiyal etkisinin ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Alzheimer hastalığı, nörodejeneratif hasarla doğrudan ilişkili hafıza bozukluğuna yol açması nedeniyle ciddi bir sağlık sorunu olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Mikroorganizmalar insan sağlığı üzerine olumsuz etkilere yol açabilen, birçok rahatsızlıkla doğrudan ilişkilidir. Hesperis cinsi Türkiye’de 28 tür ile temsil edilmektedir. Hesperis cinsine ait türler arasından, çalışma için H. matronalis subsp. matronalis türü bu çalışma kapsamında seçilmiştir. H. matronalis subsp. matronalis’in AChE ve BuChE inhibitör aktivitesi kolorimetrik Ellman’ın yöntemiyle belirlenirken, antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ise agar difüzyon metodu kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen veriler ışığında, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Klebsiella pneumonia subp. pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans ve Saccharomyces cerevisiae mikroorganizmaları üzerinde H. matronalis subsp. matronalis’in antimikrobiyal aktivitesinin olduğu gözlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında H. matronalis subsp. matronalis’in AChE ve BuChE inhibitör aktivitesi için IC50 değerleri ise, sırasıyla 316.23 ± 2.15 ve 74.13 ± 0.85 µg mL-1 olarak bulunmuştur. H. matronalis subsp. matronalis AChE ve BuChE'nin inhibitör etkileri ve potansiyel antimikrobiyal aktivitesi nedeniyle, H. matronalis, subsp. matronalis Alzheimer’ın yanısıra birçok mikrobiyal hastalığın tedavisinde alternatif bir doğal ilaç kaynağı olabilir.

Keywords

• Antimikrobiyal aktivite
• kolinesteraz inhibisyonu
• Hesperis matronalis

References

1. 1. Sevindik M. Investigation of Antioxidant/Oxidant Status and Antimicrobial Activities of Lentinus tigrinus. Advances in Pharmacological Sciences. 2018;2018: 1-4.
2. 2. Jaen JC, Gregor VE, Lee C, Davis R, Emmerling M. Acetylcholinesterase İnhibition by Fused Dihydroquinazoline Compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 1996;6:737-742.
3. 3. Schulz V. Ginkgo Extract Or Cholinesterase İnhibitors in Patients With Dementia: What Clinical and Guidelines Fail to Consider. Phytomedicine. 2003;10:74-79.
4. 4. Melzer D. New Drug Treatment for Alzheimer’s Diseases: Lessons for Healthcare Policy. BMJ. 1998;316:762-764.
5. 5. Duran A. A Taxonomic Update Of The Genus Hesperis in Turkey. 5th International Conference on Agriculture, Environment and Biological Sciences (ICAEBS-16) 2016; 2016 April 28-29; Pattaya (Thailand).
6. 6. Yücel E, Duran A, Ture C, Bocuk H, Ozaydın B. Effects of Different Salt (Nacl), Nitrate (KNO3) and Acid (Hcl And H2SO4) Concentrations on The Germination of Some Hesperis Species Seeds. Biological Diversity and Conservation. 2008;1:91–104.
7. 7. Baytop T. Türkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi: Geçmişte ve Bugün. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 1999.
8. 8. Aras S, Duran A, Yenilmez G, Cansaran Duman D. Genetic Relationships Among Some Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) Species from Turkey Assessed by RAPD Analysis. African Journal Of Biotechnology. 2009;8(14): 3128-3134

9. 9. Büyükkartal HN, Colgecen H, Duran A. Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) Cinsine Ait Bazı Türlerde Tohum Kabuğunun İncelenmesi. Anadolu University Journal of Science And Technology. 2009;10: 121–125.
10. 10. Duran A. Hesperis Ozcelikii (Brassicaceae), A New Species From Turkey. Ann Bot Fennici. 2009;46: 577–584.
11. 11. Kırımer N, Gokmen S, Demirci B, Baser KHC, Duran A. Volatile Compounds of Seeds of Hesperis bicuspidata, H. Bottae And H. Podocarpa. J Essent Oil Res. 2010;22: 230–231.
12. 12. Pınar NM, Duran A, Ceter T, Tuğ GN. Pollen and Seed Morphology of the Genus Hesperis L. (Brassicaceae) in Turkey. Turk J Bot. 2009;33:83–96
13. 13. Ünal F, Duran A, Martin E. Caryological Study on Four Hesperis L. (Cruciferae) Taxa from the Diaplictos (Dvořak) Dvořak Section in Turkey. Hereditas. 2008:145: 64–68.
14. 14. Perez C, Pauli M, Bazerque P. An Antibiotic Assay by The Well Agar Method. Acta Biologiae Et Medicinae Experimentalis. 1990;15: 113–5.
15. 15. Woods GL, Brown Elliott BA, Desmond EP, Hall GS, Heifets L, Pfyffer GE, Et Al. 2003. In Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacteria, Nocardiae, and Other Aerobic Actinomycetes; Approved Standard. NCCLS Document, M24–A.
16. 16. Ellman GL, Courtney DK, Andres JRV, Featherstone RM. A New and Rapid Determination of Acetyleholinesterase Activity. Biochemical Pharmacology. 1961;7: 88–95.
17. 17. Levinson W. Review of Medical Microbiology and İmmunology. Tenth Edition. New York: Mcgraw-Hill Medical; 2008.
18. 18. İncili G, Dikici A, Çalıcıoğlu M. Bacillus Cereus. Turkiye Klinikleri J Food Hyg Technol-Special Topics. 2015;1(3): 87-91.
19. 19. Best CA, Best TJ. Mycobacterium Smegmatis İnfection of the Hand. Hand. 2009;4(2): 165-166.
20. 20. Courvalin P, Drugeon H, Flandrois JP, Goldstein F. Bactericidie: Aspects Theorique Et Therapeutiques. Paris: Edisyon Maloine; 1990.
21. 21. Frey FM, Meyers R. Antibacterial Activity of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used by Haudenosaunee Peoples of New York State. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2010;10(1): 64.
22. 22. Giacobini E. Cholinesterase İnhibitors: New Roles and Therapeutic Alternatives. Pharmacol Res. 2004;50:433-440.