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Yıl 2021, , 241 - 249, 20.08.2021

Esra Tansu Sarıyer , Burcu Merve Aksu

https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.854552

Öz

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders in women of reproductive age and is a heterogeneous disease that is difficult to define. Its etiology is unknown. Its symptoms are hyperandrogenism, hirsutism, acne, amenorrhea, oligoamenorrhea. Its prevalence varies between 6.5-8%. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Although the prevalence of insulin resistance in PCOS varies between 50-75%, the age of onset of diabetes in these individuals is 10 years earlier than in healthy individuals. Obesity is generally seen as abdominal obesity and affects approximately 50% of women with PCOS. Insulin resistance and abdominal obesity increase the risk of metabolic disorders in PCOS. The primary treatment approach for individuals with PCOS is lifestyle intervention, including medical nutrition therapy and exercise. Although women diagnosed with PCOS have an isocaloric diet plan, they have a higher body mass index (BMI) than women without PCOS, and obesity can be seen in women with a healthy BMI according to body fat percentage assessment. Therefore, medical nutrition therapy approaches should be targeting body weight loss. As a medical nutrition therapy; An adequate and balanced diet rich in vitamin D, chromium, inositol and omega-3 fatty acids is recommended, along with limiting the consumption of sugar and refined carbohydrates, consuming low glycemic index foods, reducing saturated and trans fat intake. It is recommended to limit fat intake to 30%, with 55% of the daily energy taken from carbohydrates and 15% from proteins. In PCOS, body weight loss and maintaining the lost weight become difficult. Therefore, it is important to evaluate compliance with diet in medical nutrition treatment. In this study, it was aimed to examine the relationship between obesity and comorbid diseases, which are common in women with PCOS, and body weight management.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Weight management Insulin resistance Polycystic ovary syndrome Obesity

Kaynakça

  • Lim S, Smith CA, Costello MF, MacMillian F, Moran L, EE C. Barriers and facilitators to weight management in overweight and obese women living in Australia with PCOS: a qualitative study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2019; 19: 106.
  • Faghfoori Z, Fazelian S, Shadnoush M, Goodarzi R. Nutritional management in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A review study. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017; 11: 429-32.
  • Baer TE, Milliren AC, Walls C, DiVasta AD. Clinical variability in cardiovascular disease risk factor screening and management in adolescent and young adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015; 28(5);317-23.
  • Ecklund LC, Usadi RS. Endocrine and Reproductive Effects of Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2015; 42(1): 55-65.
  • Kalgaonkar S, Almario RU, Gurusinghe D, Garamendi EM, Buchan W, Kim K et al. Differential effects of walnuts vs almonds on improving metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS. Euro J Clin Nutrition. 2011; 65: 386-93.
  • Mehrabani HH, Salehpour S, Amiri Z, Farahani SJ, Meyer BJ, Tahbaz F. Benefical effects of a high-protein, low glycemic load hypocaloric diet in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled intervention study. J Am Coll Nutr. 2012; 31(2):117-25.
  • Farshchı H, Rane A, Love A, Kennedy RL. Diet and nutrition in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS):Pointers for nutritional management. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007; 27(8): 762-73.
  • Rollyn M, Ornstein MD, Nancy M, Copperman MS, Marc S, Jacobson MD. Effect of weight Loss on menstrual function in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2011; 24: 161-65.
  • Pedersen SD. Metabolic complications of obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 27: 179-93.
  • Kadıoğlu M, Kızılkaya N. Polikistik Over Sendromu ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı. F.N. Hem. Derg. 2013; 21(3): 187-97.
  • Keskin H, Timur Ö, Kaya Y, Utlu M, Yıldız F, Ademoğlu E ve ark. Polikistik over sendromlu hastalarda artmış ürik asit düzeyleri ve klinik ile ilişkisi. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory. 2016; 7(2): 34-8.
  • Bozdag G, Yıldız BO. Interventions for the metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids. 2013; 78: 777-81.
  • Ma J, Lin TC, Liu W. Gastrointestinal hormones and polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine. 2014; 47: 668-78.
  • Zhang X, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Lai Z. The effect of low carbohydrate diet on polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Endocrinol 2019.
  • Naderpoor N, Shorakae S, de Courten B, Misso ML, Moran LJ, Teede HJ. Metformin and lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2016; 22(3): 408-9.
  • Kite C, Lahart IM, Afzaı I, Brown JE, Broom DR, Randeva H et al. Exercise, or exercise and diet fort he management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2019; 8: 51.
  • Azziz R. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(2): 321-35.
  • Kahal H, Atkin SL, Sathyapalan T. Phamacological Treatment of Obesity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obes. 2011.
  • Arusoğlu G, Sökülmez Kaya P. Polikistik Over Sendromu: Uzun Dönem Sağlık Riskleri ve Yaşam Tarzı Değişikliğinin Etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci 2016;1(1): 55-67.
  • Witchel SF, Oberfiel SE, Peria AS. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation and Treatment with Emphasis on Adolescent Girls. J Endocr Soc. 2019; 3(8): 1545-73.
  • Pehlivanoğlu V, Koç Bebek A, Akalın A, Süer N. Polikistik Over Sendromlu Hastaların Reprodüktif Çağdaki Anne ve Kız Kardeşlerinde Metabolik Parametrelerin Değerlendirilmesi. J Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2011;21(3): 148-54.
  • Jacob S, Balen AH. How Will the New Global Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Guideline Change Our Clinical Practice?. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health . 2019; 13: 1-7.
  • Eleftheriadou M, Stefanidis K, Lykeridou K, İliadis L, Michala L. Dietary habits in adolescent girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015; 31(4): 269-71.
  • Screening and Management of the Hyperandrogenic Adolescent: ACOG Committee Opinion Summary, Number 789. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(4): 888-89.
  • Moran LJ, Pasquali R, Teede HJ, Hoeger KM, Norman RJ. Treatment of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement of the androgen excess and polycystic ovary syndrome society. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 1966-82.
  • Ee C, Smith C, Costello M, MacMillan F, Moran L, Baylock B et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a proposed trial of acupuncture as an adjunct to lifestyle interventions for weight loss in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a qualitative study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018; 18(1): 298.
  • Motor S, Keskin MC, Dokuyucu R. Obezite ve adipokinler. Mustafa Kemal Üniv. Tıp Derg. 2014; 5(18): 34-45.
  • Firouzabadi R, Aflatoonian A, Modarresi S, Sekhavat L,Taheri SM. Therapeutic effects of calcium & vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012; 18(2):85-8.
  • Jiang G, Cheung LP, Zhang Y, Quan J, Goggins W, Woo J, et al. Progression of glucose intolerance and cardiometabolic risk factors over a decade in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. PLoS Medicine. 2019; 16(10).
  • Luque-Remirez M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a paradigm for prehypertension, prediabetes and preobesity. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014; 16: 500.
  • Glueck CJ, Aregawi D, Winiarska M, Agloria M, Luo G, Sieve L, et al. Metformin-diet ameliorates coronary heart disease risk factors and facilitates resumption of regular menses in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 19(6): 831-42.
  • Moran LJ, Noakes M, Clifton P, Buckley J, Brinkworth G, Thomson R, et al. Predictors of Lifestyle Intervention Attrition or Weight Loss Success in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Who Are Overweight or Obese. Nutrients. 2019; 11(3):492.
  • Moran LJ, Ko H, Misso M, Marsh K, Noakes M, Talbot M. Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review to inform evidence-based guidelines. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013; 113(4): 520-45.
  • Barrea L, Marzullo P, Muscogiuri G, Di Somma C, Scacchi M, Orio F et al. Source and amount of carbohydrate in the diet and inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nutrition research reviews. 2018; 31(2): 291-301.
  • Douglas CC, Gower BA, Darnell BE, Ovalle F, Oster RA, Azziz R. Role of diet in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2006: 85; 679–688.
  • Lydic M. Dietary Approaches and Alternative Therapies for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Current Nutrition & Food Science. 2008: 4; 265-281.
  • Salek M, Clark CC, Taghizadeh M, Jafarnejad S. N-3 fatty acids as preventive and therapeutic agents in attenuating PCOS complications. EXCLI journal. 2019: 18; 558.
  • Sadeghi A, Djafarian K, Mohammadi H, Shab-Bidar S. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2017: 11(2); 157-162.
  • Yang K, Zeng L, Bao T, Ge J. Effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid for polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2018: 16(1); 1-13.
  • Turner-McGrievy G, Davidson CR, Billings DL. Dietary intake, eating behaviors, and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome who are trying to conceive. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2015; 18(1): 16-21.
  • Cutler DA, Pride SM, Cheung AP. Low intakes of dietary fiber and magnesium are associated with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome: A cohort study. Food Sci Nutr. 2019; 7(4): 1426-37.
  • Ryan DH, Yockey SR. Weight Loss and Improvement in Comorbidity: Differences at 5%, 10%, 15%, and Over. Curr Obes Rep. 2017;6(2): 187-94.
  • Brown WJ, Moran LJ, McNaughton SA, Joham AE, Teede HJ. Weight management practices associated with PCOS and their relationships with diet and physical activity. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(3): 669-78.
  • Larsen TM, Dalskov SM, van Baak M, Jebb SA, Papadaki A, Pfeiffer AFH, et al. Diets with high or low protein content and glycemic index for weight-loss maintenance. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363(22): 2102-13.
  • Westman EC, Feinman RD, Mavropoulos JC, Vernon MC, Volek JS, Wortman JA, et al. Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007: 86(2); 276-284.
  • Stamets K, Taylor DS, Kunselman A, Demers LM, Pelkman CL, Legro RS. A randomized trial of the effects of two types of short-term hypocaloric diets on weight loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004: 81(3);630–37.
  • Panagiotakos DB, Tzima N, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C,Papakonstantinou E, Zampelas A, Stefanadis C. The Relationship between Dietary Habits, Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels among People without Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes; The ATTICA Study. Rev Diabet Stud. 2005: 2(4); 208–215.
  • Baysal I, Köseler E. Polikistik Over Sendromunda D Vitamininin Rolü. BÜSBİD. 2017; 2(1): 15-26.
  • Le Donne M, Metro D, Alibrandi A, Papa M, Benvenga S. Effects of three treatment modalities (diet, myoinositol or myoinositol associated with D-chiro-inositol) on clinical and body composition outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019; 23(5): 2293-301.
  • Maleki V, Izadi A, Farsad-Naeimi A, Alizade'den M. Chromium supplementation does not improve weight loss or metabolic and hormonal variables in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review. Nutrition Research. 2018: 56; 1-10.
  • Asemi Z, Jamilian M. Chromium supplementation and the effects on metabolic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Nutr Metab 2015; 67(1): 42-8.
  • Ashoush S, Abou-Gamrah A, Bayoumy H, Othman N. Chromium picolinate reduces insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: Randomized controlled trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2016: 42(3); 279-85.
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Polikistik Over Sendromu ve Ağırlık Yönetimi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2021, , 241 - 249, 20.08.2021

Esra Tansu Sarıyer , Burcu Merve Aksu

https://doi.org/10.22312/sdusbed.854552

Öz

Polikistik over sendromu (PKOS) üreme çağındaki kadınlarda en sık görülen endokrin metabolik bozukluklardan biri olup tanımlanması zor heterojen bir hastalıktır. Etiyolojisi tam olarak bilinmemektedir. Semptomları hiperandrojenizm, hirsutizm, akne, amenore, oligoamenoredir. Prevalansı %6,5-8 arasında değişmektedir. Polikistik over sendromu obezite, insülin direnci, diyabet ve dislipidemi gibi metabolik bozukluklarla ilişkilidir. Polikistik over sendromunda insülin direnci prevalansı %50-75 aralığında değişmekle beraber, bu bireylerde diyabet başlangıç yaşı sağlıklı bireylere göre 10 yaş daha erkendir. Obezite genellikle abdominal obezite olarak görülür ve PKOS’lu kadınların yaklaşık %50’sini etkilemektedir. İnsülin direnci ve abdominal obezite PKOS’ta metabolik bozukluk gelişme riskini arttırmaktadır. Polikistik over sendromlu bireylerde birincil tedavi yaklaşımı tıbbi beslenme tedavisi ve egzersizi içeren yaşam tarzı müdahalesidir. Polikistik over sendromu tanılı kadınların izokalorik beslenme planı uygulamalarına rağmen PKOS tanılı olmayan kadınlara göre yüksek beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) değerine sahip olmaları ile birlikte sağlıklı BKİ aralığındaki kadınlarda da vücut yağ yüzdesi değerlendirmesine göre obezite görülebilmektedir. Bu nedenle, tıbbi beslenme tedavisi yaklaşımlarının vücut ağırlığı kaybını hedefleyici olması gerekmektedir. Tıbbi beslenme tedavisi olarak; şeker ve rafine karbonhidratların tüketiminin sınırlandırılması, düşük glisemik indeksli besinlerin tüketilmesi, doymuş ve trans yağ alımının azaltılması ile birlikte D vitamini, krom, inositol ve omega-3 yağ asitlerinden zengin yeterli ve dengeli bir beslenme önerilmektedir. Günlük alınan enerjinin %55’inin karbonhidratlardan, %15’inin proteinlerden sağlanması ile birlikte yağ alımının %30 ile sınırlandırılması önerilmektedir. Polikistik over sendromunda vücut ağırlığı kaybı ve kaybedilen ağırlığın korunması zorlaşmaktadır. Bu nedenle tıbbi beslenme tedavisinde diyete uyumun değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada PKOS tanılı kadınlarda yaygın olarak görülen obezite ve komorbid hastalıklar ile vücut ağırlığı yönetimi ilişkisi incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ağırlık Yönetimi İnsülin direnci Polikistik over sendromu Obezite

Kaynakça

  • Lim S, Smith CA, Costello MF, MacMillian F, Moran L, EE C. Barriers and facilitators to weight management in overweight and obese women living in Australia with PCOS: a qualitative study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2019; 19: 106.
  • Faghfoori Z, Fazelian S, Shadnoush M, Goodarzi R. Nutritional management in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A review study. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017; 11: 429-32.
  • Baer TE, Milliren AC, Walls C, DiVasta AD. Clinical variability in cardiovascular disease risk factor screening and management in adolescent and young adult women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015; 28(5);317-23.
  • Ecklund LC, Usadi RS. Endocrine and Reproductive Effects of Polycystic ovarian syndrome. Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am. 2015; 42(1): 55-65.
  • Kalgaonkar S, Almario RU, Gurusinghe D, Garamendi EM, Buchan W, Kim K et al. Differential effects of walnuts vs almonds on improving metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS. Euro J Clin Nutrition. 2011; 65: 386-93.
  • Mehrabani HH, Salehpour S, Amiri Z, Farahani SJ, Meyer BJ, Tahbaz F. Benefical effects of a high-protein, low glycemic load hypocaloric diet in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled intervention study. J Am Coll Nutr. 2012; 31(2):117-25.
  • Farshchı H, Rane A, Love A, Kennedy RL. Diet and nutrition in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS):Pointers for nutritional management. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007; 27(8): 762-73.
  • Rollyn M, Ornstein MD, Nancy M, Copperman MS, Marc S, Jacobson MD. Effect of weight Loss on menstrual function in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2011; 24: 161-65.
  • Pedersen SD. Metabolic complications of obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 27: 179-93.
  • Kadıoğlu M, Kızılkaya N. Polikistik Over Sendromu ve Hemşirelik Yaklaşımı. F.N. Hem. Derg. 2013; 21(3): 187-97.
  • Keskin H, Timur Ö, Kaya Y, Utlu M, Yıldız F, Ademoğlu E ve ark. Polikistik over sendromlu hastalarda artmış ürik asit düzeyleri ve klinik ile ilişkisi. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory. 2016; 7(2): 34-8.
  • Bozdag G, Yıldız BO. Interventions for the metabolic dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome. Steroids. 2013; 78: 777-81.
  • Ma J, Lin TC, Liu W. Gastrointestinal hormones and polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine. 2014; 47: 668-78.
  • Zhang X, Zheng Y, Guo Y, Lai Z. The effect of low carbohydrate diet on polycystic ovary syndrome: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Endocrinol 2019.
  • Naderpoor N, Shorakae S, de Courten B, Misso ML, Moran LJ, Teede HJ. Metformin and lifestyle modification in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2016; 22(3): 408-9.
  • Kite C, Lahart IM, Afzaı I, Brown JE, Broom DR, Randeva H et al. Exercise, or exercise and diet fort he management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Syst Rev. 2019; 8: 51.
  • Azziz R. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2018;132(2): 321-35.
  • Kahal H, Atkin SL, Sathyapalan T. Phamacological Treatment of Obesity in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obes. 2011.
  • Arusoğlu G, Sökülmez Kaya P. Polikistik Over Sendromu: Uzun Dönem Sağlık Riskleri ve Yaşam Tarzı Değişikliğinin Etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci 2016;1(1): 55-67.
  • Witchel SF, Oberfiel SE, Peria AS. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Presentation and Treatment with Emphasis on Adolescent Girls. J Endocr Soc. 2019; 3(8): 1545-73.
  • Pehlivanoğlu V, Koç Bebek A, Akalın A, Süer N. Polikistik Over Sendromlu Hastaların Reprodüktif Çağdaki Anne ve Kız Kardeşlerinde Metabolik Parametrelerin Değerlendirilmesi. J Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2011;21(3): 148-54.
  • Jacob S, Balen AH. How Will the New Global Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Guideline Change Our Clinical Practice?. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health . 2019; 13: 1-7.
  • Eleftheriadou M, Stefanidis K, Lykeridou K, İliadis L, Michala L. Dietary habits in adolescent girls with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015; 31(4): 269-71.
  • Screening and Management of the Hyperandrogenic Adolescent: ACOG Committee Opinion Summary, Number 789. Obstet Gynecol. 2019;134(4): 888-89.
  • Moran LJ, Pasquali R, Teede HJ, Hoeger KM, Norman RJ. Treatment of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement of the androgen excess and polycystic ovary syndrome society. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 1966-82.
  • Ee C, Smith C, Costello M, MacMillan F, Moran L, Baylock B et al. Feasibility and acceptability of a proposed trial of acupuncture as an adjunct to lifestyle interventions for weight loss in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a qualitative study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018; 18(1): 298.
  • Motor S, Keskin MC, Dokuyucu R. Obezite ve adipokinler. Mustafa Kemal Üniv. Tıp Derg. 2014; 5(18): 34-45.
  • Firouzabadi R, Aflatoonian A, Modarresi S, Sekhavat L,Taheri SM. Therapeutic effects of calcium & vitamin D supplementation in women with PCOS. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2012; 18(2):85-8.
  • Jiang G, Cheung LP, Zhang Y, Quan J, Goggins W, Woo J, et al. Progression of glucose intolerance and cardiometabolic risk factors over a decade in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case-control study. PLoS Medicine. 2019; 16(10).
  • Luque-Remirez M, Escobar-Morreale HF. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome as a paradigm for prehypertension, prediabetes and preobesity. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2014; 16: 500.
  • Glueck CJ, Aregawi D, Winiarska M, Agloria M, Luo G, Sieve L, et al. Metformin-diet ameliorates coronary heart disease risk factors and facilitates resumption of regular menses in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2006; 19(6): 831-42.
  • Moran LJ, Noakes M, Clifton P, Buckley J, Brinkworth G, Thomson R, et al. Predictors of Lifestyle Intervention Attrition or Weight Loss Success in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Who Are Overweight or Obese. Nutrients. 2019; 11(3):492.
  • Moran LJ, Ko H, Misso M, Marsh K, Noakes M, Talbot M. Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review to inform evidence-based guidelines. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013; 113(4): 520-45.
  • Barrea L, Marzullo P, Muscogiuri G, Di Somma C, Scacchi M, Orio F et al. Source and amount of carbohydrate in the diet and inflammation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nutrition research reviews. 2018; 31(2): 291-301.
  • Douglas CC, Gower BA, Darnell BE, Ovalle F, Oster RA, Azziz R. Role of diet in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2006: 85; 679–688.
  • Lydic M. Dietary Approaches and Alternative Therapies for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Current Nutrition & Food Science. 2008: 4; 265-281.
  • Salek M, Clark CC, Taghizadeh M, Jafarnejad S. N-3 fatty acids as preventive and therapeutic agents in attenuating PCOS complications. EXCLI journal. 2019: 18; 558.
  • Sadeghi A, Djafarian K, Mohammadi H, Shab-Bidar S. Effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2017: 11(2); 157-162.
  • Yang K, Zeng L, Bao T, Ge J. Effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acid for polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 2018: 16(1); 1-13.
  • Turner-McGrievy G, Davidson CR, Billings DL. Dietary intake, eating behaviors, and quality of life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome who are trying to conceive. Hum Fertil (Camb). 2015; 18(1): 16-21.
  • Cutler DA, Pride SM, Cheung AP. Low intakes of dietary fiber and magnesium are associated with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome: A cohort study. Food Sci Nutr. 2019; 7(4): 1426-37.
  • Ryan DH, Yockey SR. Weight Loss and Improvement in Comorbidity: Differences at 5%, 10%, 15%, and Over. Curr Obes Rep. 2017;6(2): 187-94.
  • Brown WJ, Moran LJ, McNaughton SA, Joham AE, Teede HJ. Weight management practices associated with PCOS and their relationships with diet and physical activity. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(3): 669-78.
  • Larsen TM, Dalskov SM, van Baak M, Jebb SA, Papadaki A, Pfeiffer AFH, et al. Diets with high or low protein content and glycemic index for weight-loss maintenance. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363(22): 2102-13.
  • Westman EC, Feinman RD, Mavropoulos JC, Vernon MC, Volek JS, Wortman JA, et al. Low-carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007: 86(2); 276-284.
  • Stamets K, Taylor DS, Kunselman A, Demers LM, Pelkman CL, Legro RS. A randomized trial of the effects of two types of short-term hypocaloric diets on weight loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004: 81(3);630–37.
  • Panagiotakos DB, Tzima N, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C,Papakonstantinou E, Zampelas A, Stefanadis C. The Relationship between Dietary Habits, Blood Glucose and Insulin Levels among People without Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 Diabetes; The ATTICA Study. Rev Diabet Stud. 2005: 2(4); 208–215.
  • Baysal I, Köseler E. Polikistik Over Sendromunda D Vitamininin Rolü. BÜSBİD. 2017; 2(1): 15-26.
  • Le Donne M, Metro D, Alibrandi A, Papa M, Benvenga S. Effects of three treatment modalities (diet, myoinositol or myoinositol associated with D-chiro-inositol) on clinical and body composition outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2019; 23(5): 2293-301.
  • Maleki V, Izadi A, Farsad-Naeimi A, Alizade'den M. Chromium supplementation does not improve weight loss or metabolic and hormonal variables in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review. Nutrition Research. 2018: 56; 1-10.
  • Asemi Z, Jamilian M. Chromium supplementation and the effects on metabolic status in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Nutr Metab 2015; 67(1): 42-8.
  • Ashoush S, Abou-Gamrah A, Bayoumy H, Othman N. Chromium picolinate reduces insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: Randomized controlled trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2016: 42(3); 279-85.
  • Silvestris E, Lovero D, Palmirotta R. Nutition and Female İnfertility: An Interdependent Correlation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019: 10; 346.
  • Bu FL, Feng X, Yang XY, Ren J, Cao HJ. Relationship between caffeine intake and infertility: a systematic review of controlled clinical studies. BMC Womens Health. 2020: 20(1);125.
  • JS Tolstrup , SK Kjaer , C Munk , LB Madsen , B Ottesen , T Bergholt , et al. Does caffeine and alcohol intake before pregnancy predict the occurrence of spontaneous abortion? Hum Reprod. 2003: 18(12);2704-10.
  • Brent RL, Christian MS, Diener RM. Evaluation of Reproductive and Developmental Risks of Caffeine. Birth Defects Research. 2011: 92;152-187.
Toplam 56 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Esra Tansu Sarıyer 0000-0001-7042-9185

Burcu Merve Aksu 0000-0002-6826-4462

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ağustos 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Sarıyer ET, Aksu BM. Polikistik Over Sendromu ve Ağırlık Yönetimi Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;12(2):241-9.

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