THE EFFECTS OF COMBINATION OF RADIOFREQUENCY AND PULSED MAGNETIC FIELD ON CAROTID ARTERIA ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INDUCED BRAIN INJURY: A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Year 2023, , 630 - 642, 30.12.2023

Rümeysa Taner , Halil Aşçı , Dinçer Uysal , Sanem Aşcı , Melike Doğan Ünlü , Ali Serdar Oğuzoğlu , Selçuk Çömlekçi , Özlem Özmen

https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.1343406

Abstract

Objective
Cerebrovascular accident due to ischemia (IS)
mediated by atherosclerotic plaque in the brain
can trigger inflammation in the cerebral cortex,
hippocampus and cerebellum tissues. Radiofrequency
electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) and pulsed magnetic
field (PMF) applications can increase nitric oxide
formation from the vascular endothelial layer. The
aim of this preliminary study is to reduce the damage
caused by IS in different tissues of the brain by
magnetic field applications.
Material and Method
A total of 9 rats, one rat in each group; sham,
prophylactic RF, PMF, RF+PMF and therapeutic
RF-EMF, PMF, RF-EMF+PMF, prophylactic and
therapeutic RF-EMF+PMF and IS-only groups were
distinguished. In single or combined applications of
prophylactic/therapeutic RF-EMF and PMF groups,
rats were taken to the experimental unit for 30
minutes of magnetic field exposure before and after
30 minutes of carotid artery occlusion for IS purposes.
Histopathological hematoxylin-eosin staining in
brain tissue (cerebral cortex and hippocampus)
and cerebellum tissues taken after sacrification;
With immunohistochemical analysis, brain derived
neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factoralpha
(TNF-α), mammalian target of rapamycin
(mTOR) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
expressions were examined.
Results
Histopathologically significant hyperemia, edema,
bleeding and neuronal degeneration were detected
in the IS group. Additionally, immunohistochemically,
an increase in TNF-α, mTOR, iNOS and a decrease
in BDNF staining were observed. Prophylactic and/or
therapeutic RF-EMF and/or PMF applications reversed
all these parameters. The greatest improvement
was observed in the Prophylactic+Therapeutic RFEMF+
PMF group.
Conclusion
As a result, the regression of IS-related inflammation in
both brain tissue parts and cerebellar tissues with RFEMF
and PMF is important in terms of the formation
of neurological deficits, the continuity of learning
and memory mechanisms, and the preservation of
balance functions.

Keywords

Cerebral ischemia, eNOS, iNOS, mTOR, Pulsed magnetic field, Radiofrequency electromagnetic field

Supporting Institution

Scientific Research Fund of Suleyman Demirel University

Project Number

TSG-2022-8783

RADYOFREKANS VE DARBELİ MANYETİK ALAN KOMBİNASYONUNUN KAROTİS ARTER İSKEMİ REPERFÜZYON KAYNAKLI BEYİN HASARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: BİR ÖN RAPOR

Abstract

Amaç
Beyindeki aterosklerotik plağın aracılık ettiği iskemi
(IS) nedeniyle serebrovasküler olay serebral korteks,
hipokampus ve serebellum dokularında inflamasyonu
tetikleyebilir. Radyofrekans elektromanyetik alan (RFEMF)
ve darbeli manyetik alan (PMF) uygulamaları
vasküler endotel tabakasından nitrik oksit oluşumunu
artırabilir. Bu ön çalışmanın amacı, iskemi nedeniyle
beynin farklı dokularında meydana gelen hasarı azaltmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Her bir grupta bir tane rat olacak şekilde toplamda 9
adet rat; sham, profilaktik RF, PMF, RF+PMF ve terapötik
RF-EMF, PMF, RF-EMF+PMF, profilaktik ve
terapötik RF-EMF+PMF ve yalnızca IS uygulanan
gruplara ayırt edilmiştir. Profilaktik/terapötik RF-EMF
ve PMF gruplarının tekli veya kombine uygulamalarında
ratlar IS amaçlı 30 dakikalık karotis arter oklüzyonu
öncesi ve sonrasında 30 dakikalık manyetik alan
maruziyetleri için deney ünitesine alındı. Sakrifikasyondan
sonra alınan beyin dokusu (serebral korteks
ve hipokampüs) ile beyincik dokularında, histopatolojik
olarak hematoksilin-eozin boyama; immünohistokimyasal
analizler ile de brain derivated neurotrophic
factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),
mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) ve inducible
nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) ekspresyonlarına bakıldı.
Bulgular: IS grubunda histopatolojik olarak belirgin
hiperemi, ödem, kanama ve nöronal dejenerasyon
saptandı. Ayrıca immünohistokimyasal olarak TNF-α,
mTOR, iNOS artışı ve BDNF boyamasında azalma
gözlendi. Profilaktik ve/veya terapötik RF-EMF ve/
veya PMF uygulamaları tüm bu parametreleri tersine
çevirmiştir. En fazla düzelme Profilaktik+Terapötik
RF-EMF+PMF grubunda gözlendi.
Sonuç
Sonuç olarak RF-EMF ve PMF ile her iki beyin dokusu
kısımları ve beyincik dokularında IS’ye bağlı inflamasyon
tablosunun gerilemesi nörolojik defisitlerin oluşması,
öğrenme ve hafıza mekanizmalarının devamlılığı
ve denge fonksiyonlarının korunması açısından
önemlidir.

Keywords

Serebral iskemi, eNOS, iNOS, mTOR, Darbeli manyetik alan, Radyofrekans elektromanyetik alan

Project Number

TSG-2022-8783

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