THE EFFECTS OF COMBINATION OF RADIOFREQUENCY AND PULSED MAGNETIC FIELD ON CAROTID ARTERIA ISCHEMIA AND REPERFUSION INDUCED BRAIN INJURY: A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Öz

Objective Cerebrovascular accident due to ischemia (IS) mediated by atherosclerotic plaque in the brain can trigger inflammation in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum tissues. Radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) and pulsed magnetic field (PMF) applications can increase nitric oxide formation from the vascular endothelial layer. The aim of this preliminary study is to reduce the damage caused by IS in different tissues of the brain by magnetic field applications. Material and Method A total of 9 rats, one rat in each group; sham, prophylactic RF, PMF, RF+PMF and therapeutic RF-EMF, PMF, RF-EMF+PMF, prophylactic and therapeutic RF-EMF+PMF and IS-only groups were distinguished. In single or combined applications of prophylactic/therapeutic RF-EMF and PMF groups, rats were taken to the experimental unit for 30 minutes of magnetic field exposure before and after 30 minutes of carotid artery occlusion for IS purposes. Histopathological hematoxylin-eosin staining in brain tissue (cerebral cortex and hippocampus) and cerebellum tissues taken after sacrification; With immunohistochemical analysis, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions were examined. Results Histopathologically significant hyperemia, edema, bleeding and neuronal degeneration were detected in the IS group. Additionally, immunohistochemically, an increase in TNF-α, mTOR, iNOS and a decrease in BDNF staining were observed. Prophylactic and/or therapeutic RF-EMF and/or PMF applications reversed all these parameters. The greatest improvement was observed in the Prophylactic+Therapeutic RFEMF+ PMF group. Conclusion As a result, the regression of IS-related inflammation in both brain tissue parts and cerebellar tissues with RFEMF and PMF is important in terms of the formation of neurological deficits, the continuity of learning and memory mechanisms, and the preservation of balance functions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Cerebral ischemia
• eNOS
• iNOS
• mTOR
• Pulsed magnetic field
• Radiofrequency electromagnetic field

RADYOFREKANS VE DARBELİ MANYETİK ALAN KOMBİNASYONUNUN KAROTİS ARTER İSKEMİ REPERFÜZYON KAYNAKLI BEYİN HASARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ: BİR ÖN RAPOR

Öz

Amaç Beyindeki aterosklerotik plağın aracılık ettiği iskemi (IS) nedeniyle serebrovasküler olay serebral korteks, hipokampus ve serebellum dokularında inflamasyonu tetikleyebilir. Radyofrekans elektromanyetik alan (RFEMF) ve darbeli manyetik alan (PMF) uygulamaları vasküler endotel tabakasından nitrik oksit oluşumunu artırabilir. Bu ön çalışmanın amacı, iskemi nedeniyle beynin farklı dokularında meydana gelen hasarı azaltmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem Her bir grupta bir tane rat olacak şekilde toplamda 9 adet rat; sham, profilaktik RF, PMF, RF+PMF ve terapötik RF-EMF, PMF, RF-EMF+PMF, profilaktik ve terapötik RF-EMF+PMF ve yalnızca IS uygulanan gruplara ayırt edilmiştir. Profilaktik/terapötik RF-EMF ve PMF gruplarının tekli veya kombine uygulamalarında ratlar IS amaçlı 30 dakikalık karotis arter oklüzyonu öncesi ve sonrasında 30 dakikalık manyetik alan maruziyetleri için deney ünitesine alındı. Sakrifikasyondan sonra alınan beyin dokusu (serebral korteks ve hipokampüs) ile beyincik dokularında, histopatolojik olarak hematoksilin-eozin boyama; immünohistokimyasal analizler ile de brain derivated neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) ve inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) ekspresyonlarına bakıldı. Bulgular: IS grubunda histopatolojik olarak belirgin hiperemi, ödem, kanama ve nöronal dejenerasyon saptandı. Ayrıca immünohistokimyasal olarak TNF-α, mTOR, iNOS artışı ve BDNF boyamasında azalma gözlendi. Profilaktik ve/veya terapötik RF-EMF ve/ veya PMF uygulamaları tüm bu parametreleri tersine çevirmiştir. En fazla düzelme Profilaktik+Terapötik RF-EMF+PMF grubunda gözlendi. Sonuç Sonuç olarak RF-EMF ve PMF ile her iki beyin dokusu kısımları ve beyincik dokularında IS’ye bağlı inflamasyon tablosunun gerilemesi nörolojik defisitlerin oluşması, öğrenme ve hafıza mekanizmalarının devamlılığı ve denge fonksiyonlarının korunması açısından önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Serebral iskemi
• eNOS
• iNOS
• mTOR
• Darbeli manyetik alan
• Radyofrekans elektromanyetik alan

Kaynakça

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