Lipid peroxidation and apoptosis levels in gastric tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract

Lipid peroxidation and apoptosis levels in gastric tissue of spontaneously hypertensive ratsAim: The spontaneously hypertensive rat is a widely used animal model for essential hypertension . Despitethe recognized gastric complications of hypertension, such as bleeding from gastritis, gastric mucosal bloodflow and motility and vascular ectasias until now no investigations have been conducted on gastric mucosalapoptosis in hypertensive animals. In this study, we investigated the lipid peroxidation and apoptoticchanges in the stomachs on spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods: Spontaneously hypertensive (n: 10)and normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (n: 10) were used. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances weredetermined as an indicator of lipid peroxidation and terminal deoxynucleotdyl transferase-mediateddeoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling technique was used to detect apoptosis in gastric tissue. Results:While the number of apoptotic cells were increased significantly in spontaneously hypertensive rats,thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were not changed when compared Wistar Kyoto rats. In conclusion,data presented in the current study demonstrate the significant increase in gastric mucosal apoptosis inspontaneously hypertensive rats for the first time but underlying mechanisms of apoptosis are not clarified

Keywords

• Spontaneously hypertansive rat
• apoptosis
• gastric tissue
• lipid peroxidation

Lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in gastric tissue of spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract

Amaç: Spontan hipertansif sýçanlar esansiyel hipertansiyon için yaygýn olarak kullanýlan bir hayvan modelidir. Hipertansiyonun mide üzerindeki, gastrite baðlý kanama, mide mukozal kan akýmý ve motilite deðiþiklikleri ile damar geniþlemesi gibi çeþitli komplikasyonlarýnýn bilinmesine karþýn, þimdiye kadar hipertansif hayvanlarýn mide mukozal apopitozisiyle ilgili araþtýrma yapýlmamýþtýr. Bu çalýþmada, spontan hipertansif sýçanlarýn midelerinde lipid peroksidasyon düzeyleri ve apopitotik deðiþiklikler araþtýrýldý. Gereç ve Yöntem: Spontan hipertansif (n:10) ve normotansif Wistar Kyoto (n:10) ratlar kullanýldý. Mide mukozasýnda apopitozisin tespiti için terminal deoxynucleotdyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labelling
tekniði, lipid peroksidasyonunun göstergesi olarak thiobarbituric acid reactive substances düzeyleri ölçüldü. Bulgular: Spontan hipertansif sýçanlarda apopitotik hücre sayýsýnda Wistar Kyoto sýçanlarla karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda anlamlý bir artýþ saptanýrken thiobarbituric acid reactive substances düzeyleri deðiþmemiþtir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, bu çalýþma ile ilk kez hipertansif sýçanlarýn mide mukozasýnda apopitozisde bir artýþ gösterilmiþtir ancak apopitozise yol açan mekanizmalar kesin deðildir

Keywords

• Spontan hipertansif sýçan
• apopitozis
• mide dokusu
• lipid peroksidasyon

References

1. Mate A, Barfull A, Hermosa A.M, Gómez-Amores
2. L, Vázquez C. M and Planas J M. Regulation of sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in the intestine of hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Integr Physiol 2006; 291: 760-767
3. Sun L, Gao YH, Tian DK, Zheng JP, , Ke Y, Bian K. Inflammation of different tissues in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Physiologica Sinica 2006; 58(4): 318-323
4. Yang D, Zhang M, Huang X, Fang F, Chen B, Wang S, Cai J, et al. Protection of retinal vasculature by losartan against apoptosis and vasculopathy in rats with spontaneous hypertension. J Hypertens 2010; 28(3): 510-9
5. Ren J. Influence of gender on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, protein damage and apoptosis in hearts and brains from spontaneously hypertensive rats. 2007; 34(5-6):432-438
6. Ito M, Shichijo K, Nakashima M, Nakayama T, Naito S, Tsuchiya K, Sekine I. Gastric mucosal blood flow in relation to stress-induced hypercontraction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. 1994; 44(6):717-27.
7. Gómez-Amores L, Mate A, Miguel-Carrasco JL, Jiménez L, Jos A, Cameán AM, et al. L-carnitine attenuates oxidative stress in hypertensive rats. 2007; 18(8):533-40
8. Matsuzawa A, Ichijo H. Stress-responsive protein kinases in redox-regulated apoptosis signaling. 2005; 7(3-4):472-81

9. Philchenkov, A.A. Caspases as regulators of apoptosis and other cell functions. Biochemistry. (Mosc) 2003; 68 (4): 365–376
10. Fadeel, B. Programmed cell clearance. CMLS Cell. Mol. Life. Sci. 2003; 60: 2575–85
11. Obst, B., Schutz, S., Ledig, S., Wagner, S. and Beil, W. Helicobacter pylori-induced apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells is blocked by protein kinase C activation. Microb. Pathog. 2002; 33 (4): 167-75
12. Szabo, I. and Tarnawski, A.S. Apoptosis in the gastric mucosa: Molecular mechanisms, basic and clinical implications. Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 2000; 51: 3-5
13. Herbay, V.H. and Rudi, J. Role of apoptosis in gastric epithelial turnover. Microscopy Research and Technique. 2000; 48: 303 – 311
14. Quadrilatero J, Rush JW. Increased DNA fragmentation and altered apoptotic protein levels in skeletal muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 2006; 101(4):1149- 61
15. Rizzoni D, Rodella L, Porteri E, Rezzani R, Guelfi D, Piccoli A, et al. Time course of apoptosis in small resistance arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats. 2000; 18(7):885-91
16. Gobé G, Browning J, Howard T, Hogg N, Winterford C, Cross R. Apoptosis occurs in endothelial cells during hypertension-induced microvascular rarefaction. 1997; 118(1):63-72.
17. Kasacka I, Majewski M. An immunohistochemical study of endocrine cells in the stomach of hypertensive rats. 2007; 58(3):469-78
18. Stocks J and Dormandy TL: The autoxidation of human red cell lipids induced by hydrogen peroxide. Br J Hematol 1971; 20: 95-111
19. Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N.J., Farr, A.L and Randall, R.J. Protein measurement with Folin phenol reagent, J. Biol. Chem. 1951; 193: 265–275
20. Zicha J, Kunes J. Ontogenetic aspects of hypertension development: analysis in the rat. Physiol Rev. 1999; 79(4):1227-82
21. Dornas WC, Silva ME. Animal models for the study of arterial hypertension. 2011; 36(4):731-7
22. Kobayashi N, DeLano FA, Schmid-Schönbein GW. Oxidative stress promotes endothelial cell apoptosis and loss of microvessels in the spontaneously hypertensive rats.Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005; 25(10):2114-21
23. Tsutsumi S, Tomisato W, Takano T, Rokutan K, Tsuchiya T, Mizushima T. Gastric irritant-induced apoptosis in guinea pig gastric mucosal cells in primary culture. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002; 1589(2): 168- 80
24. Konturek PC, Konturek SJ, Brzozowski T, Jaworwk J, Hahn EG. Role of leptin in the stomach and the pancreas. Journal of Physiology. 2001; 95: 345-354
25. Cho CH, Wu KK, Wu S, Wong TM, So WHL, Liu ESL, et.al. Morphine as a drug for stress ulcer prevention and healing in the stomach. Eur J Pharmacol. 2003; 460 (2-3): 177-182
26. Ercan S, Ozer C, Taþ M, Erdoðan D, Babül A. Effects of leptin on stress-induced changes of caspases in rat gastric mucosa. J Gastroenterol. 2007; 42(6): 461-8
27. Ercan S, Oztürk N, Celik-Ozenci C, Gungor NE, Yargicoglu P. Sodium metabisulfite induces lipid peroxidation and apoptosis in rat gastric tissue.Toxicol Ind Health. 2010; 26(7): 425-31
28. Harrison DG, Gongora MC. Oxidative stress and hypertension.Med Clin North Am. 2009; 93(3):621- 35
29. Vaziri ND, Sica DA. Lead-induced hypertension: role of oxidative stress. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2004; 6(4):314- 20
30. Gupta, A., Hasan, M., Chander, R. and Kapoor, N.K. Kapoor, N.K. Age-related elevation of lipid peroxidation products: diminution of superoxide dismutase activity in the central nervous system of rats. Gerontology. 1991; 37(6): 305-9
31. Baynes, J.W. Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes. 1991; 40(4): 405-12
32. Chandra, J, Samali, A. and Orrenius, S. Triggering and modulation of apoptosis by oxidative stress. 2000; 29 (3-4): 323-33
33. Buttke, T.M. and Sandstrom, PA. Oxidative stress as a mediator of apoptosis. Immunol. 1994; 15(1): 7-10
34. Kannan, K. and Jain, S.K. Oxidative stress and apoptosis. Pathophysiology. 2000; 7(3): 153-163
35. Tan, S., Sagara, Y., Liu, Y. et al. The regulation of reactive oxygen species production during programmed cell death. J. Cell. Biol. 1998; 141(6): 1423-32
36. Eþrefoðlu M. Cell Injury and Death: Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense System. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2009; 29 (6): 1660-76
37. Basu A. Involvement of protein kinase C-delta in DNA damage-induced apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med. 2003; 7(4):341-50
38. Ayaþlýoðlu E. Apoptosis. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2001; 21: 57-62