Aile ve öğretmenlere verilen oral hijyen eğitiminin mental engelli çocukların ağız sağlığı durumu üzerindeki etkisi

Year 2005, Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 17 - 22, 09.04.2009

Zühal Ay Erdal Eroğlu Suha Türkaslan F.yeşim Bozkurt H.ramazan Yılmaz

Abstract

SüleymanDemirel Üniversitesi
TIP FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ: 2005 Eylül; 12(3)



Aile ve öğretmenlere verilen oral hijyen eğitiminin mental engelli çocukların ağız sağlığı durumu üzerindeki etkisi



Zuhal Yetkin Ay, Erdal Eroğlu, Süha Türkaslan,
F. Yeşim Bozkurt, H. Ramazan Yılmaz



Özet

Fiziksel veya mental engelli çocuklarda ağız sağlığının sağlıklı yaşıtlarına göre daha kötü olduğu bilinmektedir. Farklı IQ seviyelerinin mental engelli çocuklarda ağız sağlığını etkileyebileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, aile ve öğretmenlere verilen ağız hijyeni eğitiminin farklı IQ seviyelerine sahip çocukların ağız sağlığı durumu üzerindeki etkilerinin karşılaştırmalı değerlendirilmesidir. Isparta Meslek Okulu.nda eğitim görmekte olan, yaşları 7 ve 23 arasında değişen (71 K, 95 E; yaş:14.10 ± 3.32) 166 öğrencinin ağız içi muayenesi yapıldı. Gingival Indeks (GI), Plak indeksi (PI), Diştaşı indeksi (DtI) ve DMFt kayıtları alındı.

Aile ve öğretmenlere mental engelli çocuklara yönelik ağız hijyen eğitimi verildi. Bir ay sonra tüm öğrencilerin arasından IQ seviyelerine göre (25-44 (n=34) ve 45-75 (n=34)) rasgele seçilen ve yaşları 7-18 arasında değişen 68 çocuk tekrar değerlendirmeye alındı. Yapılan karşılaştırmalarda (bağımsız örnekler t testi) PI ve DtI değerlerinin gruplar arasında anlamlı fark oluşturduğu (p<0.05) fakat GI değerlerinin anlamlı fark oluşturmadığı (p>0.05) saptandı. DMFt skorları 25-44 için 2,051, 45-75 için ise 1.949 bulundu. Eğitim öncesi ve sonrasında karşılaştırmada grup içi ve gruplar arası anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı (p>0.05). Babanın eğitim durumu ve aile ilgi düzeyi arasında kuvvetli korelasyonlar bulundu (p<0.001). Çalışmanın sonunda mental engelli çocuklarda, aile ve öğretmenlere verilen hijyen eğitiminin kötü olan ağız sağlık durumunu değiştirmediği belirlendi.



Anahtar kelimeler: oral hijyen eğitimi, mental engelli çocuklar, ağız sağlığı



Abstract



The effect of the parents. and teachers. oral hygiene education on the oral health status of the mentally handicapped children

It is known that the oral health status of disabled /mental handicapped children is poor comparing with the healthy children at the same age. The oral health status of mentally handicapped children could be affected by IQ level. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of parents. and teachers. oral hygiene education on the oral health status of mental handicapped children with different intelligence levels. Intraoral examinations of 71 female and 95 male (total 166) students were achieved at a special care school. Records of Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), Calculus Index (CI) and DMFt were obtained. Parents and teachers were given oral hygiene education. A month later, 68 students aged between 7-18 selected randomly and reevaluated considering their IQ levels (25-44 [n=34] ve 45-75 [n=34]). Significant differences (student-t test) were found in PI and CI values (p<0.05) but there was no significant difference in the GI values between the groups. Obtained data showed that DMFt values were 2.051 and 1.949 respectively. The clinical parameters have not shown any differences between the groups and before and after the oral hygiene education (p> 0.05). Strong correlations were found between the father.s education level and parents. attention (p<0.001). Results showed that, the oral health education of the parents. and teachers. did not change the existent poor oral health status of mentally handicapped children.



Key words: oral hygiene education, mentally handicapped children, oral health

Keywords

oral hijyen eðitimi, mental engelli çocuklar, aðýz saðlýðý

References

• Waldman HB. Almost four million children with disabilities. ASDC J Dent Child 1995; 62(3): 205-209. 2.
• Cutress TW. Periodontal disease and oral hygiene in trisomy 21. Arch Oral Biol 1971;16: 1345- 1355.
• Tesini DA. An annotated review of the literature of dental caries and periodontal disease in mentally retarded individuals. Spec Care Dent 1981; 1: 75-87.
• Mitsea AG, Karidis AG, Donta-Bakoyiami C, Spyropoulos ND. Oral health status in Greek children and teenagers, with disabilities. J Clin Pediatr Dent 2001; 26(1): 111-118.
• Löe H, Theilade E, Jensen SB. Experimental gingivitis in man. J Periodontol 1965; 36: 177-180.
• Lösche WJ, Syed SA, Schimidt E. Bacterial profiles of subgingival plaques in periodontitis. J Periodontol 1985; 56: 447-456.
• Zambon JJ. Periodontal diseases: Microbial factors. Ann Periodontol 1996; 1: 879-925.
• Johnson R, Albertson D. Plaque control for handicapped children. JADA 1972; 84: 224-228.
• Miller JB, Taylor PP. A survey of the oral health of a group of orthopedically handicapped children. J Dent Child 1970; 37: 331-332.
• Holcomb FH, Taylor PP, Saunders WA. Comparison of two oral hygiene devices for the physically handicapped. J Dent Child 1970; 37: 325-329.
• Full CA, Kerber PE, Boender P, Schneberger W. Oral health maintenance of the institutionalized handicapped child. JADA 1997; 94: 111-113.
• Bozkurt FY, Fentoðlu Ö, Yetkin Z. The comparison of various oral hygiene strategies in neuromuscularly disabled individuals. J Contemp Dent Pract 2004; 5(4): 23-31.
• Pomarico L, Souza IP, Tura LF. Oral health profile of in Norway. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1975; 3: 208-213.
• Nunn JH. The dental health of mentally and physically handicapped children: a review of the literature. Community Dent Health 1987; 4: 157-168.
• Gabre R, Martinssorr T, Gahnberg L. Incidence of and reasons for tooth mobility among mentally retarded adults during a 10-year period. Acta Odont Scand 1999; 57: 55-61.
• Morinushi T, Lopatin DE, Tanaka H. The relationship between dental caries in the primary dentition and anti S. mutans serum antibodies in children with Down syndrome. J Ped Dent 1995; 19; 279-284.
• Stefanidis S, Hirakis S, Thanoulis P, Kasmali E, Ginalis A, Hatzivastou-Loukidou CH. Oral condition of non- institutionalized children of adolescents with Down Syndrome. Stoma 1999; 27: 39-44.
• Waldman HB. Almost eleven million special children. J Dent Child 1991; 58: 237-240.
• Waldman HB. Problems your pediatric patients may face. J Dent Child 1993; 60: 38-42.
• Deidre P. Dental care for the handicapped. Br Dent J 1981; 20: 267-270.
• Thomas A, Lavrentzou E, Karouzos C, Kontis C. Factors which influence the oral condition of chronic schizophrenia patients. Spec Care Dent 1996; 16: 84- 86.
• Dicks JL. Outpatient dental services for individuals with mental illness: a program description. Spec Care Dent 1995; 15: 239-242.
• Murray JJ, McLeod JP. The dental condition of severely subnormal children in three London Broughs. Br Dent J 1973; 134: 380-385.
• Bozkurt FY, Fentoðlu Ö, Kýran M. Isparta il merkezi ve kýrsalýnda yaþayan adölesanlarda aðýz bulgularýnýn deðerlendirilmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri Diþ hekimliði Bilimleri Dergisi 2002; 8: 25-30.
• Brown JP, Schodel DR. A review of controlled surveys of dental disease in handicapped persons. J Dent Child 1976; 43: 310-320.
• Storhaug K. Caries experience in disabled pre-school children. Acta Odont Scand 1985; 43(4): 241-248.
• Jimenez R, Tapias-Ledesma MA, Gallardo-Pino C, Carrasco P, de Miguel AG. Influence of sociodemographic variables on use of dental services, oral health and oral hygiene among Spanish children. I nt Dent J 2004; 54(4): 187-192.
• Gizani S, Declerck D, Vinckier F, Martens L, Marks L, Goffin G. Oral health condition of 12-year-old handicapped children in Falnders (Belgium). Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1997; 25: 352-357.
• Shaw L, Shaw MJ, Foster TD. Correlation of manual dexterity and comprehension with oral hygiene and periodontal status in mentally handicapped adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1989, 17: 187-189.
• Svatun B, Helöe LA. Dental status and treatment needs among institutionalized mentally subnormal persons