Korkuteli Soğuk Hava Depolarında Armutta Penicillium expansum’a Karşı Bazı Alternatif Mücadele Yöntemlerinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Penicillium expansum'un neden olduğu mavi küf hastalığı, armutların en önemli hasat sonrası hastalıklarından biridir. Bazı mikroorganizmalar ve uçucu yağlar P. expansum'un büyümesini engelleme yeteneğine sahiptir. Bu çalışmada Bu çalışma, 'Karyağdı’ armut çeşidinde Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum ve kekik yağının antagonistik kapasitesini karakterize etmeyi amaçlamıştır. In vitro antogonizm testlerinde T. harzianum, B. subtilis’den daha etkili ve % engelleme oranları sırasıyla %55.97, %49.37 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kekik yağının kontakt uygulamasında P. expansum'un misel gelişimi %59.62-100, fumigant uygulamasında % 54.17-100 oranında engellenmiştir. Meyve biyo-tahlillerinde 25°C’de B. subtilis, T. harzianum ve kekik yağı meyve çürümesini %31.69-72.37, +0 °C’de soğuk hava deposunda %22.29-66.83 oranları arasında azaltmıştır. Çürük lezyonlarını en fazla kekik yağı kontak 500 µl/L uygulaması azaltırken, en düşük etkiyi kekik yağı fumigant %1 uygulaması göstermiştir. Çalışmalar sonucunda hem kekik yağının hemde antagonistik mikroorganizmaların (B. subtilis, T. harzianum) çevre dostu olmaları nedeniyle, armutlarda hasat sonrası P. expansum hastalığına karşı kullanılmasının yararlı olacağı kanısına varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Armut
• Bacillus subtilis
• Kekik uçucu yağ
• Penicillium expansum
• Trichoderma harzianum

Determination of Some Alternative Methods Against Pear Penicillium expansum in Korkuteli Cold Storages

Abstract

The blue mold disease caused by Penicillium expansum is one of the most important post-harvest diseases of pears. Some microorganisms and essential oils have the ability to inhibit P. expansum from growing. This study aimed to characterize the antagonistic capacity of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and thyme oil in the pear variety “Karyağdı”. In in vitro antagonism tests, T. harzianum was found to be more effective than Bacillus subtilis and the% inhibition rates were 55.97% and 49.37%, respectively. The mycelial growth of P. expansum was prevented by 59.62-100% with the contact application of thyme oil and 54.17-100% with the use of fumigants. In fruit bioassays, B. subtilis, T. harzianum and thyme oil reduced fruit rot under controlled conditions by 31.69-72.37 % at 25 ° C and by 22.29 - 66.83 at + 4 ° C. While the application of thyme oil contact with 500 µl / L reduced the caries lesions the most, the 1% application of thyme oil fumigant showed the least effect. As a result of the studies, it was concluded that it would be beneficial to use thyme oil and antagonistic microorganisms (B. subtilis, T. harzianum) against P. expansum disease after harvest in pears due to their environmental friendliness.

Keywords

• Bacillus subtilis
• Penicillium expansum
• Pear
• Thyme essential oil
• Trichoderma harzianum

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