Evaluation of Some F1 Hybrids as Early Pear Cultivar Candidate in Terms of Morphological and Commercial Values

Abstract

In this study, physico-chemical and sensory evaluations of F1 genotypes that were obtained by hybridizations from ‘Akça’ which is a approvingly consumed early harvest cultivar in our country were made. Furthermore, the susceptibility level of hybrids to fire blight, which is the most devastating disease of pome fruit species was detected. Among the pomological characteristics, fruit width, fruit length, shape index, fruit weight and fruit flesh hardness were varied between 35.84 - 59.19 mm, 42.59 - 71.80 mm, 0.90 - 1.85, 25.53 - 101.40 g, 3.38 - 6.87 kg.cm2, respectively. Soluble solid content, pH, titreable acidity, Vitamin C and antioxidant activity values were determined in the range of %10,93 - 16,77, 3,15 -  4,52, % 0.16 - 0.64, 2.00 - 5,33 mg.L-1 ve %23.37 - 81,20. As a result of weighted rating method, formed by the parameters which bring the commercial value of the genotypes to the forefront, four genotypes have the potential to be registered as early pear cultivar.

Erkenci Armut Çeşit Adayı Bazı F1 Melezlerin Morfolojik ve Ticari Değerler Yönünden Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde beğenilerek tüketilen erkenci ‘Akça’ armut çeşidinden melezleme yoluyla elde edilen F1 melez bireylerin, fiziko-kimyasal ve duyusal değerlendirmeleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca melez bireylerin, yumuşak çekirdekli meyve türlerinin en yıkıcı hastalığı olan, ateş yanıklığı hastalığına karşı duyarlılık durumları da tespit edilmiştir. Pomolojik özelliklerden meyve eni 35.84 - 59.19 mm,  meyve boyu 42.59 - 71.80 mm, şekil indeksi 0.90 - 1.85, meyve ağırlığı 25.53 - 101.40 g ve meyve eti sertliği 3.38 - 6.87 kg/cm2 sınırlarında saptanmıştır. Suda çözünebilir kuru madde, pH, titre edilebilir asit miktarı, vitamin C ve antioksidan aktivite özellikleri sırası ile %10.93 – 16.77, 3.15 -  4.52, % 0.16 - 0.64, 2.00 – 5.33 mg.L-1 ve %23.37 – 81.20 aralıklarında değişim göstermiştir. Ticari değer taşıyan parametrelerle oluşturulan, tartılı derecelendirme yöntemiyle, dört genotipin, erkenci armut çeşidi olarak tescil edilebilme potansiyelinde olduğu görülmüştür. 

Keywords

• Antioksidan aktivite,Islah,Pyrus communis L.,Seleksiyon,Vitamin C

References

1. Abacı, Z.T., Sevindik, E. ve Ayvaz, M. 2016. Comparative Study of Bioactive Components in Pear Genotypes from Ardahan/Turkey. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 2016, 30(1): 36-43.
2. Avci, N. ve Aygün, A. 2014. Determination of Stomatal Density and Distribution on Leaves of Turkish Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) Cultivars. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi J. of Agricultural Sciences, 2014, 20: 454-459.
3. Aysan, Y., Şahin, F., Saygılı, H., Mirik, M. ve Kotan, R. 2004. Phenotypic Characterization of Erwinia amylovora from Pome Fruits in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 2004, 704:459-463.
4. Bayazit, S., Caliskan, O. ve Sümbül, A. 2016. Morpho-Pomological Diversity of Turkish Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Accessions in Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Acta Sci Pol Hortorum Cultus, 2016, 15(5): 157-171.
5. Bayındır, Y., Çöçen, E., Macit, T., Gültekin, N., Özcan, E.T., Aslan, A. ve Aslantaş, R. 2019. Malatya İlinde Yetiştirilen Yerel Kışlık Armut Genotiplerinin Seleksiyonu. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 2019, 6(2): 206-215.
6. Bostan, S.Z. ve Çelikel-Çubukçu, G. 2018. Çaykara İlçesinde Yetiştirilen Yerel Armut (Pyrus spp.) Genotiplerinin Seleksiyon Yoluyla Islahı: I-Meyve Özellikleri. Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2018, 35: 75-88.
7. Dumanoğlu, H., Erdoğan, V., Aygün, A., Javadisaber, J. 2009. Effect of extreme climate conditions in summer on fruit quality of 'Granny Smith' apple in Ankara. TABAD, Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 2009, 2(2): 193-199.
8. Duric, G., Žabić, M., Rodić, M., Stanivuković, S., Bosančić, B. ve Pašalić, B. 2015. Biochemical and Pomological Assessment of European Pear Accessions from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Horticultural Science, 2015, 42(4): 176-184.

9. Evrenosoğlu, Y. ve Mertoğlu, K. 2018. Evaluation of Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Hybrid Combinations for the Transmission of Fire Blight Resistance and Fruit Characteristics. Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2018, 54(2): 78-85.
10. FAO. 2016. FAOSTAT Online Statistical Service. Available from: http://faostat.fao.org (Erişim tarihi: 01.09. 2019). United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO, Roma.
11. FAO. 2017. FAOSTAT Online Statistical Service. Available from: http://faostat.fao.org (Erişim tarihi: 01.09. 2019). United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, FAO, Roma.
12. Gaaliche, B., Chehimi, S., Dardouri, S. ve Hajlaoui, M.R. 2018. Health Status of the Pear Tree Following the Establishment of Fire Blight in Northern Tunisia. International Journal of Fruit Science, 2018, 18(1): 85-98.
13. Gamble, J., Jaeger, S.R. ve Harker, F.R. 2006. Preferences in Pear Appearance and Response to Novelty Among Australian and New Zealand Consumers. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 2006, 41(1): 38-47.
14. Grafton, R.Q., McLindin, M., Hussey, K., Wyrwoll, P., Wichelns, D., Ringler, C. ve Matthews, N. 2016. Responding to Global Challenges in Food, Energy, Environment and Water: Risks and Options Assessment for Decision‐Making. Asia & the Pacific Policy Studies, 2016, 3(2): 275-299.
15. Gu, L., Hanson, P.J., Post, W.M., Kaiser, D.P., Yang, B., Nemani, R. ve Meyers, T. 2008. The 2007 Eastern US Spring Freeze: İncreased Cold Damage in A Warming World? AIBS Bulletin, 2008, 58(3): 253-262.
16. Gunes, N.T., Aygun, A., San, B. 2006. Postharvest heat treatments for enhanced fruit quality during storage of early ripening European pear. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 2006, 71(3): 135.
17. Guo, D.L. ve Zhang, G.H. 2015. A New Early-Ripening Grape Cultivar–‘Fengzao’. Acta Horticulturae, 2015, 1082: 153-6.
18. Gündüz, K. ve Özbay, H. 2018. The Effects of Genotype and Altitude of The Growing Location on Physical, Chemical, and Phytochemical Properties of Strawberry. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 2018, 42(3): 145-153.
19. Hunter, D. 2016. Fifty Years of Pear Breeding: An Overview of the Harrow (Ontario, Canada) Pear Breeding Program. Meyve Bilimi, 2016, 3(2): 1-7.
20. Kalkisim, O., Okcu, Z., Karabulut, B., Ozdes, D. ve Duran, C. 2018. Evaluation of Pomological and Morphological Characteristics and Chemical Compositions of Local Pear Varieties (Pyrus communis L.) Grown in Gumushane, Turkey. Erwerbs-Obstbau, 2018, 60(2): 173-181.
21. Karaçalı, İ. 2012. Bahçe Ürünlerinin Muhafazsı ve Pazarlanması. Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları No: 494, Bornova, İzmir. 486s.
22. Karadeniz, T. ve Çorumlu, M.S. 2012. ̇Iskilip Armutları. Akademik Ziraat Dergisi, 2012, 1(2): 61–66
23. Li, H., Tsao, R. ve Deng, Z. 2012. Factors Affecting the Antioxidant Potential and Health Benefits of Plant Foods. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2012, 92(6): 1101-1111.
24. Mertoğlu, K. ve Evrenosoğlu, Y. 2017. Ateş Yanıklığı (Erwinia amylovora) Hastalığına Dayanıklılık Islahında, Hastalığa Karşı Testlenmiş F1 Melez Armut Popülasyonunun Fenolojik ve Meyve Özellikleri. Tekirdağ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2017, 14(3): 104-115.
25. Mertoğlu, K. ve Evrenosoğlu, Y. 2019. Bazı Elma ve Armut Çeşitlerinde Fitokimyasal Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2019, 14(1): 11-20.
26. Ozrenk, K., Balta, F. ve Çelik, F. 2012. Levels of Fire Blight (Erwinia amylovora) Susceptibility of Native Apple, Pear and Quince Germplasm from Lake Van Basin, Turkey. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2012, 132(2): 229-236.
27. Ozturk, I., Ercisli, S., Kalkan, F. ve Demir, B. 2009. Some Chemical and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Pear Cultivars. African Journal of Biotechnology, 2009, 8:4.
28. Öz, M.H. ve Aslantaş, R. 2015. Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Armut Genotiplerinin Morfolojik Karakterizasyonu. Atatürk Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015, 46(2): 93-106.
29. Özrenk, K., Gündoğdu, M. ve Kan, T. 2010. Van Gölü Havzası Yerel Armutları. Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 2010, 20(1): 46-51.
30. Pandey, V., Nath, V., Kumar, D. ve Singh, H.S. 2016. Identification and Release of An Extra Early Maturity Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivar 'Arka Neelachal Kesari'. In International Symposia on Tropical and Temperate Horticulture-ISTTH2016 1205 (pp. 661-670).
31. Piao, S., Ciais, P., Huang, Y., Shen, Z., Peng, S., Li, J. ... ve Friedlingstein, P. 2010. The Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources and Agriculture in China. Nature, 2010, 467(7311): 43-51.
32. Polat, M. ve Bağbozan, R. 2017. Eğirdir (Isparta) Ekolojisinde Yetiştirilen Erkenci Yerli Armut (Pyrus communis L.) Tiplerinin Bazı Meyve Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2017, 21(1): 9-12.
33. Polat, M., Okatan, V., Güçlü, S.F. ve Çolak, A.M. 2018. Determination of Some Chemical Characteristics and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Apple Varieties Grown in Posof/Ardahan Region. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Food Sciences, 2018, 2(4): 131-134.
34. Ruiz, D., García-Gómez, B.E., Egea, J., Molina, A., Martínez-Gómez, P. ve Campoy, J.A. 2019. Phenotypical Characterization and Molecular Fingerprinting of Natural Early-Flowering Mutants in Apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) and Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Scientia Horticulturae, 2019, 254: 187-192.
35. Sağır, N. ve Aygün A. 2018. Trabzon İlinde Yetiştirilen Yazlık Yerel Armut Çeşitlerinin Meyve Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi. Bahçe, vol. 47, no. Özel Sayı 2, pp. 26–34.
36. Saygılı, H., Aysan, Y., Mirik, M. ve Şahin, F. 2004. Severe Outbreak of Fire Blight on Quince in Turkey. Acta Horticulturae, 2004, 704:51-53.
37. Sherman, W.B. ve Beckman, T.G. 2002. Climatic Adaptation in Fruit Crops. In XXVI International Horticultural Congress: Genetics and Breeding of Tree Fruits and Nuts, August, 2002, Toronto, 622: 411-428.
38. Spinola, V., Mendes, B., Camara, J.S. ve Castilho, P.C. 2013. Effect of Time and Temperature on Vitamin C Stability in Horticultural Extracts. UHPLC-PDA vs Iodometric Titration as Analytical Methods. LWT-Food Science ve Technology, 2013, 50(2): 489-495.
39. Steyn, W.J., Manning, N., Muller, M. ve Human, J.P. 2010. Physical, Sensory and Consumer Analysis of Eating Quality and Appearance of Pear Genotypes Among South African Consumers. In XI International Pear Symposium, November, 2010, Rio Negro, 909: 579-586.
40. Thompson, S.S., Janick, J. ve Williams, E.B. 1962. Evaluation of Resistance to Fire Blight of Pear, 38-70, Advances in Fruit Breeding, E.C. Layne and H.A. Quamme (Eds.), Purdue Universty Press, West Lafayette, İndiana.
41. Tiwari, U. ve Cummins, E. 2013. Factors İnfluencing Levels of Phytochemicals in Selected Fruit and Vegetables During Pre-and Post-Harvest Food Processing Operations. Food Research International, 2013, 50(2): 497-506.
42. Turpin, S.R., Stefanelli, D., Jones, L., Norton, J., Probst, R., Konings, J. ve Langford, G. 2014. Perfect Pears for the next generation of consumers. In XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): 1120 (pp. 507-514).
43. Türkeş, M. 2012. Küresel İklim Değişikliği ve Çölleşme. İçinde: Günümüz Dünya Sorunları – Disiplinler arası Bir Yaklaşım (ed. N. Özgen): 1-42. Eğiten Kitap: Ankara.
44. UPOV, 2000, Pear (Pyrus communis L), guidelines for the conduct of the tests for distinctness, uniformity and stability, Geneva.
45. Yanwu, Y.A.O., Yanping, L.A.N., Wei, P.E.N.G. ve Yongli, L.I. 2017. Breeding of A New Early-Ripening Cultivar of Chinese Dwarf Cherry 'Xiarihong'. Agricultural Science & Technology, 2017, 18:1.
46. Yılmaz, M.A. ve Aysan, Y. 2009. Control, Spread, Symptoms, and Isolation of Fire Blight Disease Caused by Erwinia amylovora on Apple Trees. Tarım Bilimleri Arastırma Dergisi, 2009, 2(1): 75-77.
47. Zar, JH. 2013. Biostatistical Analysis: Pearson New International Edition. Pearson Higher Ed.
48. Zhang, H., Gallardo, R.K., McCluskey, J.J. ve Kupferman, E.M. 2010. Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Treatment-İnduced Quality Attributes in Anjou Pears. Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2010, 35(1835-2016-149433): 105-117.