Bazı Elma ve Armut Çeşitlerinde Fitokimyasal Özelliklerin Belirlenmesi

Year 2019, Volume: 14 Issue: 1, 11 - 20, 24.09.2019

Kerem Mertoğlu Yasemin Evrenosoğlu

Abstract

Bu çalışma bazı
elma ve armut çeşitlerini fitokimyasal olarak karakterize etmek amacıyla 2017
ve 2018 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda, türlere ait çeşitlerin
ortalama değerleri incelendiğinde, titre edilebilir asit (TEA), Vitamin C,
toplam fenol ve antioksidan aktivite (AOA) özelliklerinin elma türünde, suda
çözünebilir kuru madde (SÇKM) ve pH değerlerinin ise armut türünde daha yüksek
olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elmalarda; TEA, Vitamin C, toplam fenol, AOA, SÇKM ve
pH değerlerinin sırası ile %1.35 - % 0.34, 5.63 – 2.41 mg/100 mL, 494.8 –
158.68 mg/L, %78.23 – %55.94, %12.93 – %10.65, 3.73 – 3.00 aralıklarında olduğu
tespit edilmiştir. Armutta ise bu değerler; %0.5 – 0.13, 5.77 – 1.52 mg/100 mL,
334.76 – 103.49 mg/L, %78.43 – %11.93, %15.78 – %11.78, 4.87 – 3.47 sınırları
içerisinde değişiklik göstermiştir. Her iki türde asitliğin artmasına paralel
olarak, toplam fenol miktarı, Vitamin C ve antioksidan aktivitenin arttığı
tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca yapılan korelasyon analizleri sonucunda, toplam fenol
ve Vitamin C miktarında meydana gelen artışın antioksidan aktiviteyi arttırdığı
bulunmuştur. ‘Jersey Mac’ incelenen özellikler bakımından diğer elma
çeşitlerinden çok daha üstün bulunurken genel olarak erkenci çeşitlerin
fitokimyasal olarak daha iyi özellikler barındığı sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Armut çeşitleri arasında ise ‘Limon’, ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Conference’ ve ‘Moonglow’
çeşitleri ön plana çıkmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen verilerin, hem tüketici
tercihlerini hem de ıslah programlarında ebeveyn seçimini yönlendirebileceği
düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

Vitamin C, Toplam fenol, Korelasyon, Pyrus communis, Malus x domestica Bork

Determination of Phytochemical Characteristics of Some Apple and Pear Cultivars

Abstract

This
study was carried out in 2017 and 2018 with the aim of characterize some apple
and pear varieties in terms of phytochemical 
characteristics. As a result of the study, when the average values
of cultivars belong to species were examined, it was found that the properties
of titreable acidity (TA), Vitamin C, total phenol and antioxidant activity (AOA)
were higher in apple, while soluble solid content (SSC) and pH values were
higher in pear. In apples, TA, Vitamin C, total phenol, AOA, SSC and pH values
were determined in the range of %1.35 - % 0.34, 5.63 – 2.41 mg/100 mL, 494.8 –
158.68 mg/L, %78.23 – %55.94, %12.93 – %10.65, 3.73 – 3.00 respectively. In pears, these values varied between %0.5 – 0.13,
5.77 – 1.52 mg/100 mL, 334.76 – 103.49 mg/L, %78.43 – %11.93, %15.78 – %11.78,
4.87 – 3.47. It was detected that, total phenolic content, vitamin C and
antioxidant activity was increased corresponding to increasing of the acidity
in both species. In addition,
as a consequence of the corelation analysis, antioxidant acitivity increased
by rising of total phenolics and vitamin C content. It was found that ‘Jersey
Mac’ was superior than the other apple cultivars in terms of investigated
features, and early harvested cultivars had better phytochemical features,
generally. ‘Limon’, ‘Santa Maria’, ‘Conference’ and ‘Moonglow’ cultivars were
came into prominence among pear varieties. It was thought that, the data
obtained from the study can lead the selection of parents in breeding programes
and consumer preferences.

Keywords

Correlation, Malus x domestica Borkh., Pyrus communis, Vitamin C

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