Scientific Mapping of Chatgpt Usage in Education: A Bibliometric Perspective
Year 2025,
Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 123 - 143, 15.03.2025
İsmail Eray Dursun
,
Mustafa Taktak
Abstract
The rapid advancement of digital technologies and computer science indicates that society is evolving towards a technological future. Among these developments, core technologies with far-reaching effects such as ChatGPT have emerged. This study aims to examine the use and role of ChatGPT in the field of education from a bibliometric perspective and to reveal its position in the academic literature in detail. For this reason, the searches using the words "ChatGPT" and "School", "Teacher" or "Student" in the Scopus and WOS database on 29/05/2024 form the basis of this study. The research findings reveal that global collaboration plays an important role. Furthermore, the applications of AI and ChatGPT in higher education and medical education have been identified as an indicator of the transformative effect of AI in the field of education. In conclusion, AI applications offer insights that are both positive and negative for all areas of education, offering exciting potential for future educational methods and strategies. A more in-depth examination of the role of ChatGPT in education is critical in shaping the future in this field.
Ethical Statement
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this study.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS STATEMENT
The authors declare that research and publication ethics are followed in this study.
AUTHOR LIABILITY STATEMENT
The authors declare that the “Conceptual Framework, Post Draft, Review and Editing” part of this work was done by Assist. Prof. Dr. Mustafa TAKTAK, “Method Design, Post Draft, Research, Visualization” part of this work was done by İsmail Eray DURSUN.
References
- Ansari, A.N., Ahmad, S. & Bhutta, S.M. (2023). Mapping the global evidence around the use of ChatGPT in higher education: A systematic scoping review. Educ Inf Technol, 29, 11281-11321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12223-4
- Arslan, E. (2022). Sosyal bilim araştırmalarında VOSviewer ile bibliyometrik haritalama ve örnek bir uygulama. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(Özel Sayı 2), 33-56.
- Chen, H., Widarso, G., & Sutrisno, H. (2020). A chatbot for learning chinese: learning achievement and technology acceptance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 58(6), 1161-1189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120929622
- Chocarro, R., Cortinas, M., & Marcos-Matás, G. (2023). Teachers’ attitudes towards chatbots in education: a technology acceptance model approach considering the effect of social language, bot proactiveness, and users’ characteristics. Educational Studies, 49(2), 295-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1850426
- Chuah, K. & Kabilan, M. (2021). Teachers’ views on the use of chatbots to support english language teaching in a mobile environment. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Ijet), 16(20), 223. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i20.24917
- Cobo, M. J., López‐Herrera, A. G., Herrera‐Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). Science mapping software tools: Review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools. Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology, 62(7), 1382-1402. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21525
- Cotton, D. R., Cotton, P. A., & Shipway, J. R. (2024). Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 61(2), 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148
- Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
- Fauzi, F., Tuhuteru, L., Sampe, F., Ausat, A. M. A., & Hatta, H. R. (2023). Analysing the role of ChatGPT in improving student productivity in higher education. Journal on Education, 5(4), 14886-14891. https://jonedu.org/index.php/joe/article/view/2563/2162
- Gilson, A., Safranek, C. W., Huang, T., Socrates, V., Chi, L., Taylor, R. A., & Chartash, D. (2023). How does ChatGPT perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)? The implications of large language models for medical education and knowledge assessment. JMIR Medical Education, 9(1), e45312. https://doi.org/10.2196/45312
- Grové, C. (2021). Co-developing a mental health and wellbeing chatbot with and for young people. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 606041. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.606041
- Gülmez, D., Özteke, İ., & Gümüş, S. (2021). Overview of educational research from turkey published in international journals: A bibliometric analysis. Education & Science/Egitim ve Bilim, 46(206), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.9317
- Huang, W., Hew, K., & Fryer, L. (2021). Chatbots for language learning—are they really useful? a systematic review of chatbot‐supported language learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(1), 237-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12610
- Jasin, J., Ng, H., Atmosukarto, I., Iyer, P., Osman, F., Wong, P., … & Cheow, W. (2023). The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course. Education and Information Technologies, 28(8), 10665-10690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11602-1
- Jeong, T., Liu, H., Alessandri‐Bonetti, M., Pandya, S., Nguyen, V. T., & Egro, F. M. (2023). Revolutionizing patient education: ChatGPT outperforms Google in answering patient queries on free flap reconstruction. Microsurgery, 43(7), 752-761. https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.31106
- Jia-qi, Y., Goh, T., Bing, Y., & Xiao, Y. (2020). Conversation technology with micro-learning: the impact of chatbot-based learning on students’ learning motivation and performance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(1), 154-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120952067
- Kang, K., Kim, S., & Kang, S. (2022). Elementary school students' awareness of the use of artificial intelligence chatbots in violence prevention education in South Korea: a descriptive study. Child Health Nursing Research, 28(4), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2022.28.4.291
- Khan, M. A., Pattnaik, D., Ashraf, R., Ali, I., Kumar, S., & Donthu, N. (2021). Value of special issues in the journal of business research: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of business research, 125, 295-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.015
- Korsakova, E., Sokolovskaya, O., Minakova, D., Gavronskaya, Y., Maksimenko, N., & Kurushkin, M. (2021). Chemist bot as a helpful personal online training tool for the final chemistry examination. Journal of Chemical Education, 99(2), 1110-1117. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00789
- Lund, B. D., Wang, T., Mannuru, N. R., Nie, B., Shimray, S., & Wang, Z. (2023). ChatGPT and a new academic reality: Artificial Intelligence‐written research papers and the ethics of the large language models in scholarly publishing. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 74(5), 570-581. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24750
- Nguyen, H., Tran, T., Pham, X., Huynh, A., & Nhon, V. (2021). Ontology-based integration of knowledge base for building an intelligent searching chatbot. Sensors and Materials, 33(9), 3101. https://doi.org/10.18494/sam.2021.3264
- Perkins, M. (2023). Academic Integrity considerations of AI Large Language Models in the post-pandemic era: ChatGPT and beyond. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.53761/1.20.02.07
- Pradana, M., Elisa, H. P., & Syarifuddin, S. (2023). The growing trend of Islamic fashion: A bibliometric analysis. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2184557. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2184557
- Prahani, B. K., Rizki, I. A., Jatmiko, B., Suprapto, N., & Tan, A. (2022). Artificial intelligence in education research during the last ten years: A review and bibliometric study. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 17(08), 169-188. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i08.29833
- Pu, S., Ahmad, N. A., Khambari, M. N. M., & Yap, N. K. (2021). Identification and analysis of core topics in educational artificial intelligence research: A bibliometric analysis. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(3), 995-1009. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i3.5782
- Qadir, J. (2023, May). Engineering education in the era of ChatGPT: Promise and pitfalls of generative AI for education. In 2023 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 1-9). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10125121
- Qasem, F. (2023). Chatgpt in scientific and academic research: future fears and reassurances. Library Hi Tech News, 40(3), 30-32. https://doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-03-2023-0043
- Rahman, M. M., & Watanobe, Y. (2023). ChatGPT for education and research: Opportunities, threats, and strategies. Applied Sciences, 13(9), 5783. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095783
- Rudolph, J., Tan, S., & Tan, S. (2023a). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education?. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 342-363. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.9
- Rudolph, J., Tan, S., & Tan, S. (2023b). War of the chatbots: Bard, Bing Chat, ChatGPT, Ernie and beyond. The new AI gold rush and its impact on higher education. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 364-389. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.23
- Sallam, M. (2023). The utility of ChatGPT as an example of large language models in healthcare education, research and practice: Systematic review on the future perspectives and potential limitations. MedRxiv, 2023-02. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.19.23286155
- Strzelecki, A. (2024). Students’ acceptance of ChatGPT in higher education: An extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Innovative Higher Education, 49(2), 223-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-023-09686-1
- Su, J. & Yang, W. (2023). Unlocking the power of ChatGPT: A framework for applying generative AI in education. ECNU Review of Education, 6(3), 355-366. https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311231168423
Taktak, M., Bellibaş, M. Ş, & Özgenel, M. (2024). Use of ChatGPT in education: Future strategic road map with swot analysis. Educational Process: International Journal, 13(3): 7-21. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2024.133.1
- Tsang, R. (2023). Practical applications of chatgpt in undergraduate medical education. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 10, 238212052311784. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205231178449
- Van Eck, N., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538.
- Zheltukhina, M. R., Sergeeva, O. V., Masalimova, A. R., Budkevich, R. L., Kosarenko, N. N., & Nesterov, G. V. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of publications on ChatGPT in education: Research patterns and topics. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 14(1), e202405. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/14103
- Zhu, J., & Liu, W. (2020). A tale of two databases: the use of Web of Science and Scopus in academic papers. Scientometrics, 123(1), 321-335.
Scientific Mapping of Chatgpt Usage in Education: A Bibliometric Perspective
Year 2025,
Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 123 - 143, 15.03.2025
İsmail Eray Dursun
,
Mustafa Taktak
Abstract
The rapid advancement of digital technologies and computer science indicates that society is evolving towards a technological future. Among these developments, core technologies with far-reaching effects such as ChatGPT have emerged. This study aims to examine the use and role of ChatGPT in the field of education from a bibliometric perspective and to reveal its position in the academic literature in detail. For this reason, the searches using the words "ChatGPT" and "School", "Teacher" or "Student" in the Scopus and WOS database on 29/05/2024 form the basis of this study. The research findings reveal that global collaboration plays an important role. Furthermore, the applications of AI and ChatGPT in higher education and medical education have been identified as an indicator of the transformative effect of AI in the field of education. In conclusion, AI applications offer insights that are both positive and negative for all areas of education, offering exciting potential for future educational methods and strategies. A more in-depth examination of the role of ChatGPT in education is critical in shaping the future in this field.
Ethical Statement
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest in this study.
RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION ETHICS STATEMENT
The authors declare that research and publication ethics are followed in this study.
AUTHOR LIABILITY STATEMENT
The authors declare that the “Conceptual Framework, Post Draft, Review and Editing” part of this work was done by Assist. Prof. Dr. Mustafa TAKTAK, “Method Design, Post Draft, Research, Visualization” part of this work was done by İsmail Eray DURSUN.
References
- Ansari, A.N., Ahmad, S. & Bhutta, S.M. (2023). Mapping the global evidence around the use of ChatGPT in higher education: A systematic scoping review. Educ Inf Technol, 29, 11281-11321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-12223-4
- Arslan, E. (2022). Sosyal bilim araştırmalarında VOSviewer ile bibliyometrik haritalama ve örnek bir uygulama. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(Özel Sayı 2), 33-56.
- Chen, H., Widarso, G., & Sutrisno, H. (2020). A chatbot for learning chinese: learning achievement and technology acceptance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 58(6), 1161-1189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120929622
- Chocarro, R., Cortinas, M., & Marcos-Matás, G. (2023). Teachers’ attitudes towards chatbots in education: a technology acceptance model approach considering the effect of social language, bot proactiveness, and users’ characteristics. Educational Studies, 49(2), 295-313. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2020.1850426
- Chuah, K. & Kabilan, M. (2021). Teachers’ views on the use of chatbots to support english language teaching in a mobile environment. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (Ijet), 16(20), 223. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i20.24917
- Cobo, M. J., López‐Herrera, A. G., Herrera‐Viedma, E., & Herrera, F. (2011). Science mapping software tools: Review, analysis, and cooperative study among tools. Journal of the American Society for information Science and Technology, 62(7), 1382-1402. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21525
- Cotton, D. R., Cotton, P. A., & Shipway, J. R. (2024). Chatting and cheating: Ensuring academic integrity in the era of ChatGPT. Innovations in Education and Teaching International, 61(2), 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2023.2190148
- Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 133, 285–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.04.070
- Fauzi, F., Tuhuteru, L., Sampe, F., Ausat, A. M. A., & Hatta, H. R. (2023). Analysing the role of ChatGPT in improving student productivity in higher education. Journal on Education, 5(4), 14886-14891. https://jonedu.org/index.php/joe/article/view/2563/2162
- Gilson, A., Safranek, C. W., Huang, T., Socrates, V., Chi, L., Taylor, R. A., & Chartash, D. (2023). How does ChatGPT perform on the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE)? The implications of large language models for medical education and knowledge assessment. JMIR Medical Education, 9(1), e45312. https://doi.org/10.2196/45312
- Grové, C. (2021). Co-developing a mental health and wellbeing chatbot with and for young people. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 606041. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.606041
- Gülmez, D., Özteke, İ., & Gümüş, S. (2021). Overview of educational research from turkey published in international journals: A bibliometric analysis. Education & Science/Egitim ve Bilim, 46(206), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2020.9317
- Huang, W., Hew, K., & Fryer, L. (2021). Chatbots for language learning—are they really useful? a systematic review of chatbot‐supported language learning. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 38(1), 237-257. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12610
- Jasin, J., Ng, H., Atmosukarto, I., Iyer, P., Osman, F., Wong, P., … & Cheow, W. (2023). The implementation of chatbot-mediated immediacy for synchronous communication in an online chemistry course. Education and Information Technologies, 28(8), 10665-10690. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11602-1
- Jeong, T., Liu, H., Alessandri‐Bonetti, M., Pandya, S., Nguyen, V. T., & Egro, F. M. (2023). Revolutionizing patient education: ChatGPT outperforms Google in answering patient queries on free flap reconstruction. Microsurgery, 43(7), 752-761. https://doi.org/10.1002/micr.31106
- Jia-qi, Y., Goh, T., Bing, Y., & Xiao, Y. (2020). Conversation technology with micro-learning: the impact of chatbot-based learning on students’ learning motivation and performance. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 59(1), 154-177. https://doi.org/10.1177/0735633120952067
- Kang, K., Kim, S., & Kang, S. (2022). Elementary school students' awareness of the use of artificial intelligence chatbots in violence prevention education in South Korea: a descriptive study. Child Health Nursing Research, 28(4), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2022.28.4.291
- Khan, M. A., Pattnaik, D., Ashraf, R., Ali, I., Kumar, S., & Donthu, N. (2021). Value of special issues in the journal of business research: A bibliometric analysis. Journal of business research, 125, 295-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.015
- Korsakova, E., Sokolovskaya, O., Minakova, D., Gavronskaya, Y., Maksimenko, N., & Kurushkin, M. (2021). Chemist bot as a helpful personal online training tool for the final chemistry examination. Journal of Chemical Education, 99(2), 1110-1117. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.1c00789
- Lund, B. D., Wang, T., Mannuru, N. R., Nie, B., Shimray, S., & Wang, Z. (2023). ChatGPT and a new academic reality: Artificial Intelligence‐written research papers and the ethics of the large language models in scholarly publishing. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 74(5), 570-581. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.24750
- Nguyen, H., Tran, T., Pham, X., Huynh, A., & Nhon, V. (2021). Ontology-based integration of knowledge base for building an intelligent searching chatbot. Sensors and Materials, 33(9), 3101. https://doi.org/10.18494/sam.2021.3264
- Perkins, M. (2023). Academic Integrity considerations of AI Large Language Models in the post-pandemic era: ChatGPT and beyond. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.53761/1.20.02.07
- Pradana, M., Elisa, H. P., & Syarifuddin, S. (2023). The growing trend of Islamic fashion: A bibliometric analysis. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 2184557. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2184557
- Prahani, B. K., Rizki, I. A., Jatmiko, B., Suprapto, N., & Tan, A. (2022). Artificial intelligence in education research during the last ten years: A review and bibliometric study. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 17(08), 169-188. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i08.29833
- Pu, S., Ahmad, N. A., Khambari, M. N. M., & Yap, N. K. (2021). Identification and analysis of core topics in educational artificial intelligence research: A bibliometric analysis. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(3), 995-1009. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i3.5782
- Qadir, J. (2023, May). Engineering education in the era of ChatGPT: Promise and pitfalls of generative AI for education. In 2023 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) (pp. 1-9). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10125121
- Qasem, F. (2023). Chatgpt in scientific and academic research: future fears and reassurances. Library Hi Tech News, 40(3), 30-32. https://doi.org/10.1108/lhtn-03-2023-0043
- Rahman, M. M., & Watanobe, Y. (2023). ChatGPT for education and research: Opportunities, threats, and strategies. Applied Sciences, 13(9), 5783. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095783
- Rudolph, J., Tan, S., & Tan, S. (2023a). ChatGPT: Bullshit spewer or the end of traditional assessments in higher education?. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 342-363. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.9
- Rudolph, J., Tan, S., & Tan, S. (2023b). War of the chatbots: Bard, Bing Chat, ChatGPT, Ernie and beyond. The new AI gold rush and its impact on higher education. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 6(1), 364-389. https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.23
- Sallam, M. (2023). The utility of ChatGPT as an example of large language models in healthcare education, research and practice: Systematic review on the future perspectives and potential limitations. MedRxiv, 2023-02. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.02.19.23286155
- Strzelecki, A. (2024). Students’ acceptance of ChatGPT in higher education: An extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. Innovative Higher Education, 49(2), 223-245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-023-09686-1
- Su, J. & Yang, W. (2023). Unlocking the power of ChatGPT: A framework for applying generative AI in education. ECNU Review of Education, 6(3), 355-366. https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311231168423
Taktak, M., Bellibaş, M. Ş, & Özgenel, M. (2024). Use of ChatGPT in education: Future strategic road map with swot analysis. Educational Process: International Journal, 13(3): 7-21. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2024.133.1
- Tsang, R. (2023). Practical applications of chatgpt in undergraduate medical education. Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development, 10, 238212052311784. https://doi.org/10.1177/23821205231178449
- Van Eck, N., & Waltman, L. (2010). Software survey: VOSviewer, a computer program for bibliometric mapping. Scientometrics, 84(2), 523-538.
- Zheltukhina, M. R., Sergeeva, O. V., Masalimova, A. R., Budkevich, R. L., Kosarenko, N. N., & Nesterov, G. V. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of publications on ChatGPT in education: Research patterns and topics. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 14(1), e202405. https://doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/14103
- Zhu, J., & Liu, W. (2020). A tale of two databases: the use of Web of Science and Scopus in academic papers. Scientometrics, 123(1), 321-335.