Yaşamın İlk Yıllarında Grup Kimliği

Öz

İnsanlar yaşamları boyunca ait hissetme ve diğerleri ile bağ kurma yönünde güçlü bir güdü ile hareket ederler. Benliğin temel bileşenlerinden biri olarak grup kimliği duygu, düşünce, davranış ve karar alma süreçlerinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Yaşamın ilk yılları birçok alanda olduğu gibi grup aidiyetinin gelişimi ve sağlıklı grup-içi ve gruplar arası ilişkilerin kurulması adına bazı kritik süreçleri barındırmaktadır. Bu noktada Sosyal Akıl Yürütme Gelişim Bakış Açısı, (a) gruplar arası ilişkiler ile grup-içi kayırmacılığı ve grup-dışı önyargısının oluşum süreçlerine, (b) grup-içi ve gruplar arası ilişkilerde benimsenen tutumlarda etkili olan ahlaki, toplumsal ve psikolojik muhakeme süreçlerine ve (c) yine gruplar arası ilişkilerde etkili olan açık ve örtük ön yargı süreçlerinin karar alma süreçlerindeki etkisine ve tüm bunların yaş temelli değişimlerine odaklanmaktadır. Özellikle Türkiye özelinde grup kimliğinin erken yaşlardan itibaren nasıl şekillendiğine ve zamanla nasıl gelişip dönüştüğüne ışık tutmak toplumsal dinamikleri anlamak ve sosyal uyumu sağlamak için önem taşımaktadır. Grup-içi kayırmacılığı, grup-dışı önyargı ve buna bağlı olarak gruplar arası çatışmalar yaş ilerledikçe daha da güçlenerek devam etme potansiyeline sahiptir. Dolayısıyla sağlıklı kimlik gelişimi, farklı sosyal kimliklerin kabulü ve gruplar arası olumlu ilişkilerin kurulması için erken çocukluk dönemi alan yazınında bu konunun ele alınması önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Grup aidiyeti
• grup kimliği
• sosyal sınıflandırma
• erken çocukluk

Group Identity in The First Years of Life

Abstract

Throughout their lives, people act with a strong motivation to feel belonging and connect with others. As one of the main components of the self, group identity plays an important role in emotion, thought, behavior, and decision-making processes. As in many other areas, the first years of life include some critical processes for developing group belonging and forming healthy in-group and intergroup relations. At this point, the Social Reasoning Development Perspective focuses on a) the formation processes of intergroup relations and in-group favoritism and out-group prejudice, b) the moral, social, and psychological reasoning processes that are effective in the attitudes adopted in in-group and intergroup relations c) the effect of explicit and implicit prejudice processes, which are also effective in intergroup relations, on decision-making processes, and d) the age-based changes of all these. Especially in Turkey, it is essential to shed light on how group identity is shaped from an early age and how it develops and transforms over time in order to understand social dynamics and ensure social cohesion. In-group favoritism, outgroup bias, and with regard to these emerging inter-group conflicts have the potential to continue by getting stronger with age. Therefore, for healthy identity development, acceptance of different social identities, and establishment of positive intergroup relations, it is significant to address this issue in the literature focusing on early childhood.

Keywords

• Group identity
• group belonging
• social categorization
• early childhood

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