Comparing the Impact of Traditional Strength Training and Power Interval Training on Velocity Parameters During Loaded-Squat Jump Exercise

Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of traditional strength and power interval training methods on the development of velocity parameters in the concentric phase of loaded-squat jump exercise and to determine which training method improves velocity parameters more. To achieve this goal, 30 male students who were studying at the School of Physical Education and Sports and did not regularly exercise participated voluntarily in this study. Participants were divided into three different groups using randomization: traditional strength training group, power interval training group, and control group. The participants performed a weighted squat jump exercise using external loads equivalent to 40% of their body weight in both pre-test and post-test measurements, and their mean velocity, mean propulsive velocity, and peak velocity values were obtained through an isoinertial velocity transducer. According to the analysis results, it was found that peak velocity significantly increased after traditional strength training. In addition, the power interval training method made a significant difference on the 1 RM pre-post test. The effect size of traditional strength training on peak velocity was determined as "small". In conclusion, it is thought that traditional strength training is a more prominent training method in improving movement velocity compared to power interval training.

Keywords

• Strength
• Squat
• Training
• Velocity.
• Antrenman
• Hız
• Kuvvet
• Squat

Geleneksel Kuvvet ve Güç İnterval Antrenmanın Ağırlıklı Squat Sıçrama Hareketi Esnasındaki Hız Parametreleri Üzerindeki Etkisinin Karşılaştırılması

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı geleneksel kuvvet ve güç interval antrenman yöntemlerinin, ağırlıklı squat sıçrama hareketinin konsantrik evresindeki hız parametrelerinin gelişimine etkilerini araştırmak ve hangi antrenman yönteminin hız parametrelerini daha fazla geliştirdiğini belirlemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören ve düzenli olarak egzersiz yapmayan 30 erkek öğrenci bu çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katıldı. Katılımcılar rastgele yöntem kullanılarak geleneksel kuvvet antrenman grubu, güç interval antrenman grubu ve kontrol grubu olmak üzere üç farklı gruba ayrıldı. Katılımcıların ön-test ve son-test ölçümlerinde vücut ağırlıklarının %40 oranına denk gelen dış yükler kullanılarak ağırlıklı squat sıçrama egzersizi uygulandı ve isoinertial bir hız dönüştürücü yoluyla katılımcıların ortalama hız, ortalama itme hızı ve zirve hız değerleri elde edildi. Ayrıca, güç aralıkli antrenman yöntemi, 1 RM ön-son testinde önemli bir fark yarattı. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; geleneksel kuvvet antrenmanı sonrasında zirve hızının istatiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde artığı tespit edilmiştir ve geleneksel kuvvet antrenmanın zirve hızı üzerindeki etki büyüklüğünün “küçük” olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, power interval antrenmana göre geleneksel kuvvet antrenmanının hareket hızını geliştirmede daha ön plana çıkan bir antrenman yöntemi olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Antrenman
• Hız
• Kuvvet
• Squat

References

1. Bayrakdaroğlu, S. (2018). Comparison the effects of different strength trainings on some kinetic and kinematics parameters. Doctoral Thesis. Düzce University Enstitute of Health Science, Düzce.
2. Behm, D. & Sale, D. (1993). Velocity specificity of resisnatnce training. Sports Medicine, 15(6), 374-388.
3. Billat, L.V. (2001). Interval training for performance: A scientific and empirical practice: Special recommendations for middle- and long-distance running. Part I: Aerobic interval training. Sports Medicine, 31(1), 13-31.
4. Buchheit, M. & Laursen, P.B. (2013). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Part II: Anaerobic energy, neuromuscular load and practical applications. Sports Medicine, 43(10), 927-954.
5. Ciazzo, V.S., Perrine, P.P. & Edgerton, V.R. (1981). Training induced alterations of the in vivo force-velocity relationship of human muscle. Journal of Applied Physiology, 51(3), 750-754.
6. Cormie, P., McCaulley, G.O., Triplett, N.T. & McBride, J.M. (2007). Optimal loadig for maximal power output during lower body resistance exercises. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 39(2), 340-349.
7. Cormie, P., Mcguigan, M.R. & Newton, R.U. (2011). Developing maximal neuromuscular power: Part 2 training considerations for improving maximal power production. Sports Medicine, 41(2),125-146.
8. Cronin, J.B., McNair, P.J. & Marshall, R.N. (2002). Is velocity-specific strength training important in improving functional performance? Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 42(3), 267-273.

9. Enoka, R.M. (1997). Neural adaptations with chronic physical activity. Journal of Biomechanics, 30(5), 447-445.
10. Fleck, J.S. & Kraemer, J.W. (2004). Designing resistance training programs (3rd ed.). United State: Champaign IL, Human Kinetics.
11. Gonzales-Badillo, J.J. & Sanchez-Medina, L. (2010). Movement velocity as a measure of loading intensity in resistance training. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(5), 347-352.
12. Gonzales-Badillo, J.J., Marques, M.C. & Sanchez-Medina, L. (2011). The importance of movement velocity as a measure to control resistance training intensity. Journal of Human Kinetics, 29A, 15-19.
13. Guerriero, A., Varalda, C. & Piacentin, M.F. (2018). The role of velocity based training in the strength periodization for modern athletes. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 3(4), 55-68.
14. Harris, N., Cronin, J. & Keogh, J. (2007). Contraction force specificity and its relationship to functional performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25(2), 201-212.
15. Izquierdo, M., González-Badillo, J.J., Häkkinen, K., Ibanez, J., Kraemer, W.J., Altadill, A. & Gorostiaga, E. (2006). Effect of loading on unintentional lifting velocity declines during single sets of repetitions to failure during upper and lower extremity muscle actions. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(09), 718-724.
16. Jovanovic, M. & Flanagan, E.P. (2014). Researched applications of velocity based strength training. The Journal of Austrian Strength and Conditioning, 22(2), 58-69.
17. Juan, J., Gonzalez-Badillo, J.J., Marques, M.C. & Sanchez-Medina, L. (2011). The importance of movement velocity as a measure to control resistance training intensity. Journal of Human Kinetics, Special Issue, 15-19.
18. Kawamori, N. & Newton, R.U. (2006). Velocity specificity of resistance training: Actual movement velocity versus intention to move explosively. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 28(2), 86-91.
19. Kraemer, W.J., Fleck, S.J. & Deschenes, M.A. (1988). A review: Factors in exercise prescription of resistance training. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 10(5), 36-42.
20. Lattier, G, Millet, G.Y., Martin, A. & Martin, V. (2004). Fatigue and recovery after high-intensity exercise part I: neuromuscular fatigue. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 25(6), 450-456.
21. Laursen, P.B. & Buchheit, M. (2018). Science and application of high intensity interval Training. United State: Champaign IL, Human Kinetics.
22. Loturco, I., Nakamura, F.Y., Kobal, R., Gil, S., Abad, C.C.C., Cuniyochi, R. & Roschel, H. (2015). Training for power and speed: Effects of increasing or decreasing jump squat velocity in elite young soccer players. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(10), 2771-2779.
23. Murray, D.P. & Brown, L.E. (2006). Variable velocity training in the periodized model. National Strength and Conditioning Association, 28(1), 88-92.
24. Newton, R.U., Rogers, R.A., Volek, J.S., Hakkinen, K. & Kraemer, W.J. (2006). Four weeks of optimal load ballistic resistance training at the end of season attenuates declining jump performance of women volleyball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20(4), 955-961.
25. Pareja-Blanco, F., Rodriguez-Rosell, D., Sanchez-Medina, L., Gorostiaga, E.M. & Gonzales-Badillo, J.J. (2014). Effect of movement velocity during resistance training on neuromuscular performance. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(11), 916-924.
26. Pareja-Blanco, F., Sanchez-Medina, L., Suarez-Arrones, L. & Gonzales-Badillo, JJ. (2017). Effects of velocity loss during resistance training on performance in professional soccer players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(4), 512-519.
27. Pereira, M.I. & Gomes, P.S. (2003). Movement velocity in resistance training. Sports Medicine, 33(6), 427-438.
28. Rhea, M.R. (2004). Determining the magnitude of treatment effects in strength training research through the use of the effect size. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18(4), 918-920.
29. Sanchez-Medina, L, Gonzalez-Badillo, J.J., Perez, C. & Pallares, J.G. (2014). Velocity-and power-load relationships of the bench pull vs. bench press exercises. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(03), 209-216.
30. Sanchez-Medina, L, Perez, C.E. & Gonzales-Badillo, J.J. (2010). Importance of the propulsive phase in strength assessment. International Journal of Sport Medicine, 31(2), 123-129.
31. Sanchez-Medina, L. & Gonzales-Badillo, J.J. (2011). Velocity loss as an indicator of neuromuscular fatigue during resistance training. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(9), 1725-1734.
32. Singh, G. (2016). The influence of velocity based resistance training on neuromuscular strength and power adaptations in semi-professional rugby union and professional rugby league players. Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology.
33. Sleivert, G. & Taingahue, M. (2004). The relationship between maximal jump-squat power and sprint acceleration in athletes. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 91(1), 46-52.
34. Tricoli, V.A., Richard, M.D., Parcel, A.C. & Sawyer, R.D. (2001). Internal vs external ve velocity: Effects of strength training protocols on velocityspecific adaptations and human skeletal muscle variables. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(5), 264-27
35. Zatsiorsky, V.M. (1998). Kinematics of human motion. United State: Champaign IL, Human Kinetics.