İnsanlık Dışı Suçlarda Ahlaki Uzaklaşma

Abstract

Ahlaki faillik hem insanlık dışı davranmaktan kaçınma gücünde hem de insanca davranmaya yönelik proaktif güçte kendini gösterir. Ahlaki faillik kendi kendini organize eden, proaktif, kendini yansıtan ve öz yaptırımlarla ilgili kişisel standartlara dayanan öz-düzenleyici mekanizmaları kapsayan geniş bir sosyobilişsel benlik teorisiyle ilişkilidir. Ahlaki davranışı kontrol eden öz-düzenleyici mekanizmalar, aktive edilmedikçe devreye girmezler ve ahlaki öz-yaptırımların insanlık dışı davranışlardan seçici olarak ayrıldığı birçok psikososyal manevra vardır. Ahlaki uzaklaşma2 ahlaki gerekçelendirme, aklayıcı bir dil ve avantajlı karşılaştırma aracılığıyla insanlık dışı bir davranışın değerli bir davranış ya da durum olarak bilişsel yeniden yapılandırılması; sorumluluğun dağıtılması veya üstlenilmemesi yoluyla bireysel faillik duygusunun benimsenmemesi; kişinin davranışlarından doğan zararlı sonuçların etkilerinin önemsenmemesi veya en aza indirgenmesi; suçun mağdurlara yüklenmesi ve mağdurların insandışılaştırılması üzerine kuruludur. Birçok insanlık dışı eylem, sorumluluğun dağıtılması ve işlevlerin bağlantısız alt bölümlerinin üstlenilmesi yoluyla zararlı faaliyetlere katkı sağlayan normalde düzgün insanların yürüttüğü meşru girişimlerden oluşan birbirini destekleyici bir ağ vasıtasıyla işler. Ahlaki kontrolü devre dışı bırakan birçok mekanizma göz önüne alındığında, medenice bir yaşam kişisel insani standartlara ek olarak, şefkatli davranışı destekleyen ve gaddarlığı reddeden, sosyal sistemlere yerleşik güvenceler gerektirir.

Keywords

• insanlık
• dışı
• suçlarda
• ahlaki
• uzlaşma

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